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Zhang R, Wu M, Cao T, Luo K, Huang F, Zhang R, Huang Z, Zhou J, Wang Y, Zhu S. Identification of the gossypol derivatives as androgen receptor inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 75:128952. [PMID: 36031018 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed male malignant tumor and remains the second leading cause of male cancer mortality in western countries. The development of novel antiandrogens to circumvent the drug resistance in anti-PCa treatment is highly demanded. Herein, we identified that gossypol (GOS) specificly inhibited the AR signaling. Further optimization of GOS derivatives led to the discovery of compound XY-32. XY-32 efficiently inhibits AR signaling with the IC50 of 1.23 μM. XY-32 downregulates both the full-length AR and the AR variable splice AR-V7 via suppressing the mRNA expression. It inhibits the proliferation of CRPC cells such as the LNCaP cells, the PC-3 cells, and enzalutamide resistance 22Rv1 cells. The work demonstrates the GOS derivatives represent a novel series of anti-androgen to conquer the acquired AR mutations or AR splice variants induced drug resistance of mCRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Meng Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tongxiang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Kui Luo
- Singfar Laboratories, Guangzhou 510670, PR China
| | - Fangjiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Ruoying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | | | - Jinming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, PR China.
| | | | - Shifa Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
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2
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Yu Q, Sun Y. Targeting Protein Neddylation to Inactivate Cullin-RING Ligases by Gossypol: A Lucky Hit or a New Start? DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:1-8. [PMID: 33442232 PMCID: PMC7797302 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s286373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cullin-RING E3 ligases (CRLs) are the largest family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, responsible for about 20% of the protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Given their vital roles in multiple cellular processes, and over-activation in many human cancers, CRLs are validated as promising targets for anti-cancer therapies. Activation of CRLs requires cullin neddylation, a process catalysed by three neddylation enzymes. Recently, our group established an AlphaScreen-based in vitro cullin neddylation assay and employed it for high-throughput screening to search for small-molecule inhibitors targeting cullin neddylation. During our pilot screen, gossypol, a natural product extracted from cottonseeds, was identified as one of the most potent neddylation inhibitors of cullin-1 and cullin-5. We further demonstrated that gossypol blocks cullin neddylation by binding to cullin-1/-5 to inactivate CRL1/5 ligase activity, leading to accumulation of MCL-1 and NOXA, the substrates of CRL1 and CRL5, respectively. The combination of gossypol and an MCL-1 inhibitor synergistically enhanced the anti-proliferative effect in multiple human cancer cell lines. Our study unveiled a rational combination of two previously known inhibitors of the Bcl-2 family for enhanced anti-cancer efficacy and identified a novel activity of gossypol as an inhibitor of CRL1 and CRL5 E3s, thus providing a new possibility in the development of novel CRL inhibitors for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Sun
- Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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3
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Zeng Y, Ma J, Xu L, Wu D. Natural Product Gossypol and its Derivatives in Precision Cancer Medicine. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1849-1873. [PMID: 28545375 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170523123655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Gossypol, a natural product extracted from the seed, roots, and stem of cotton, was initially used as a male contraceptive but was subsequently investigated as a novel antitumor agent. This review depicts the current status of gossypol and its derivatives as novel antitumor agents as well as presents their preparation and characteristics, especially of some gossypol Schiff bases, through quantitative and structural analysis. The main attractive target sites of gossypol and its derivatives are Bcl-2 family proteins containing the anti-apoptosis proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. The molecular mechanism of gossypol analogs not only involves cell apoptosis but also autophagy, cell cycle arrest, and other abnormal cellular phenomena. Gossypol and its derivatives exert antitumor effects on different cancer types in vitro and in vivo, and demonstrate synergistic effects with other chemo- and radio- therapeutic treatments. In addition, several nanocarriers have been designed to load gossypol or its derivatives in order to expand the range of their applications and evaluate their combination effects with other anti-tumor agents. This review may serve as a reference for the rational application of gossypol analogs as anti-tumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingwen Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Daocheng Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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4
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Recent advances in gossypol derivatives and analogs: a chemistry and biology view. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:1243-1275. [PMID: 28722469 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gossypol as a natural occurring polyphenol has been studied in a wide range of therapeutic contexts for a long time. The chemical modifications on gossypol were limited due to the unique chemical properties of polyphenols. The design and synthesis of gossypol derivatives and the exploration of their biological activities are the interest of the synthetic chemists, medicinal chemists and pharmacologists. Thus, the progress of diverse gossypol derivatives and analogs' synthesis, biological activities, mechanism elucidation and drug discovery based on gossypol scaffold is summarized.
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5
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Lu Y, Wu S, Yue Y, He S, Li J, Tang J, Wang W, Zhou HB. Gossypol with Hydrophobic Linear Esters Exhibits Enhanced Antitumor Activity as an Inhibitor of Antiapoptotic Proteins. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:1185-1190. [PMID: 27994761 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of gossypol Schiff bases that were derived from unnatural linear amino acid methyl esters were identified and found to be much more potent than gossypol and ABT-199 in terms of anticancer activity. This is the first example of gossypol Schiff bases with increased activity. The investigation of the Schiff base side chain of gossypol revealed that the unique anticancer effect was achieved by the introduction of hydrophobic ester groups. The optimized products showed low micromolar pan antitumor activities against NCI-60 tumor cell lines, which is promising for further drug development. Studies on the preliminary mechanism of action for their cellular activities was also carried out with antiapoptotic protein (Bcl-2 and Mcl-1) inhibition FP assays. The molecular modeling analysis demonstrated a possible binding mode for these compounds with Bcl-2, which could explain the binding affinity of the novel gossypol Schiff bases with these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial
Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shuangchan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial
Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yuan Yue
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial
Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Si He
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial
Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial
Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial
Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial
Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hai-Bing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial
Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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6
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Heleg-Shabtai V, Aizen R, Orbach R, Aleman-Garcia MA, Willner I. Gossypol-cross-linked boronic acid-modified hydrogels: a functional matrix for the controlled release of an anticancer drug. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:2237-2242. [PMID: 25664656 DOI: 10.1021/la504959d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer drug gossypol cross-links phenylboronic acid-modified acrylamide copolymer chains to form a hydrogel matrix. The hydrogel is dissociated in an acidic environment (pH 4.5), and its dissociation is enhanced in the presence of lactic acid (an α-hydroxy carboxylic acid) as compared to formic acid. The enhanced dissociation of the hydrogel by lactic acid is attributed to the effective separation of the boronate ester bridging groups through the formation of a stabilized complex between the boronic acid substituent and the lactic acid. Because lactic acid exists in cancer cells in elevated amounts and the cancer cells' environment is acidic, the cross-linked hydrogel represents a stimuli-responsive matrix for the controlled release of gossypol. The functionality is demonstrated and characterized by rheology and other spectroscopic means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vered Heleg-Shabtai
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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7
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Stability and antioxidant activity of gossypol derivative immobilized on N-polyvinylpyrrolidone. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51:908-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Olchowik E, Lotkowski K, Mavlyanov S, Abdullajanova N, Ionov M, Bryszewska M, Zamaraeva M. Stabilization of erythrocytes against oxidative and hypotonic stress by tannins isolated from sumac leaves (Rhus typhina L.) and grape seeds (Vitis vinifera L.). Cell Mol Biol Lett 2012; 17:333-48. [PMID: 22491984 PMCID: PMC6275782 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-012-0014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythrocytes are constantly exposed to ROS due to their function in the organism. High tension of oxygen, presence of hemoglobin iron and high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids in membrane make erythrocytes especially susceptible to oxidative stress. A comparison of the antioxidant activities of polyphenol-rich plant extracts containing hydrolysable tannins from sumac leaves (Rhus typhina L.) and condensed tannins from grape seeds (Vitis vinifera L.) showed that at the 5-50 μg/ml concentration range they reduced to the same extent hemolysis and glutathione, lipid and hemoglobin oxidation induced by erythrocyte treatment with 400 μM ONOO(-) or 1 mM HClO. However, extract (condensed tannins) from grape seeds in comparison with extract (hydrolysable tannins) from sumac leaves stabilized erythrocytes in hypotonic NaCl solutions weakly. Our data indicate that both hydrolysable and condensed tannins significantly decrease the fluidity of the surface of erythrocyte membranes but the effect of hydrolysable ones was more profound. In conclusion, our results indicate that extracts from sumac leaves (hydrolysable tannins) and grape seeds (condensed tannins) are very effective protectors against oxidative damage in erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Olchowik
- Department of Biophysics, University of Białystok, Świerkowa 20B, 15-950 Białystok, Poland
| | - Karol Lotkowski
- Department of Biophysics, University of Białystok, Świerkowa 20B, 15-950 Białystok, Poland
| | - Saidmukhtar Mavlyanov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Abdullaev 83, Tashkent, 100125 Uzbekistan
| | - Nodira Abdullajanova
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Abdullaev 83, Tashkent, 100125 Uzbekistan
| | - Maksim Ionov
- Department of General Biophysics, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Maria Zamaraeva
- Department of Biophysics, University of Białystok, Świerkowa 20B, 15-950 Białystok, Poland
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9
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Dong Y, Nakagawa-Goto K, Lai CY, Morris-Natschke SL, Bastow KF, Kim Y, Lee EYHP, Lee KH. Antitumor agents. 289. Design, synthesis, and anti-breast cancer activity in vivo of 4-amino-2H-benzo[h]chromen-2-one and 4-amino-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[h]chromen-2-one analogues with improved water solubility. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:370-377. [PMID: 22304236 PMCID: PMC3311758 DOI: 10.1021/np2007878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that 4-amino-2H-benzo[h]chromen-2-one (ABO) and 4-amino-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[h]chromen-2-one (ATBO) analogues, which were developed from the lead natural product neo-tanshinlactone, are potent cytotoxic agents. In order to improve on their water solubility, the diamino analogues and related salts were designed. All synthesized compounds were assayed for cytotoxicity, and selected compounds were evaluated for in vivo anti-mammary epithelial proliferation activity in wild-type mice and mice predisposed for mammary tumors due to Brca1/p53 mutations. The new derivatives 10, 16 (ABO), 22, and 27 (ATBO) were the most active analogues, with IC(50) values of 0.038-0.085 μM in the cytotoxicity assay. Analogue 10 showed around 50-fold improved water solubility compared with the prior lead ABO compound 4-[(4'-methoxyphenyl)amino]-2H-benzo[h]chromen-2-one (3). Compounds 3, 4, 10, and 22 significantly reduced overall numbers of mammary cells, as indicated by the reduction of mammary gland branching in mutant mice. A one-week treatment with 10 resulted in 80% reduction in BrdU-positive cells in the cancer prone mammary gland. These four compounds had differential effects on cellular proliferation and apoptosis in wild-type mouse and a mouse model of human breast cancers. Compound 10 merits further development as a promising anticancer clinical trial candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Dong
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, United States
| | - Kyoko Nakagawa-Goto
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, United States
| | - Chin-Yu Lai
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, United States
| | - Susan L. Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, United States
| | - Kenneth F. Bastow
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, United States
| | - Yoon Kim
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Eva Y.-H. P. Lee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, United States
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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10
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Yan F, Cao XX, Jiang HX, Zhao XL, Wang JY, Lin YH, Liu QL, Zhang C, Jiang B, Guo F. A novel water-soluble gossypol derivative increases chemotherapeutic sensitivity and promotes growth inhibition in colon cancer. J Med Chem 2010; 53:5502-10. [PMID: 20684596 DOI: 10.1021/jm1001698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Compound 1 ((-)-gossypol) has been long known as a chemical anticancer agent. With its low water solubility and toxicity, it is not widely used as a commercial drug. To overcome these disadvantages, several novel derivatives of gossypol were designed, synthesized, and analyzed. One of the derivatives, compound 7 (6-aminopenicillanic acid sodium-gossypolone), was identified with great water solubility and anticancer property, suggested by inducing a dramatically decrease in Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL protein expression level found in vitro and growth inhibition of murine colon tumor in vivo. Furthermore, it was also recognized with less toxicity than compound 1 in vivo and significantly increased chemotherapeutic sensitivity against colon cancer in combination with traditional chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil. Therefore, it is concluded that compound 7 is superior to parent compound 1, and further preclinical studies of compound 7 is necessary for colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yan
- Laboratory of Targeted Cancer Therapy, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
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The interaction of PVP complexes of gossypol and its derivatives with an artificial membrane lipid matrix. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2009; 15:98-117. [PMID: 19936629 PMCID: PMC6275622 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-009-0037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present the results of a study on the membrane-active properties of gossypol, its derivatives and their polyvinylpyrrolidone complexes as assessed by differential scanning calorimetry and by the fluorescent probe method. The latter revealed the change in polarization of the incident radiation caused by the action of the polyphenol on the artificial membrane lipid matrix.
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