1
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Sharma A, Awasthi P. Synthesis, cytotoxic evaluation and ct-DNA binding of series of 1,4-disubstituted anthraquinone-sulfonamide conjugates. J CHEM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-022-02090-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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2
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Cárdenas G, Nogueira JJ. Stacking Effects on Anthraquinone/DNA Charge-Transfer Electronically Excited States. Molecules 2020; 25:E5927. [PMID: 33333751 PMCID: PMC7765225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of more efficient photosensitizers is a matter of great importance in the field of cancer treatment by means of photodynamic therapy. One of the main processes involved in the activation of apoptosis in cancer cells is the oxidative stress on DNA once a photosensitizer is excited by light. As a consequence, it is very relevant to investigate in detail the binding modes of the chromophore with DNA, and the nature of the electronically excited states that participate in the induction of DNA damage, for example, charge-transfer states. In this work, we investigate the electronic structure of the anthraquinone photosensitizer intercalated into a double-stranded poly(dG-dC) decamer model of DNA. First, the different geometric configurations are analyzed by means of classical molecular dynamics simulations. Then, the excited states for the most relevant poses of anthraquinone inside the binding pocket are computed by an electrostatic-embedding quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics approach, where anthraquinone and one of the nearby guanine residues are described quantum mechanically to take into account intermolecular charge-transfer states. The excited states are characterized as monomer, exciton, excimer, and charge-transfer states based on the analysis of the transition density matrix, and each of these contributions to the total density of states and absorption spectrum is discussed in terms of the stacking interactions. These results are relevant as they represent the footing for future studies on the reactivity of anthraquinone derivatives with DNA and give insights on possible geometrical configurations that potentially favor the oxidative stress of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Cárdenas
- Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan J. Nogueira
- Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- IADCHEM, Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Bortolus M, Ribaudo G, Toffoletti A, Carbonera D, Zagotto G. Photo-induced spin switching in a modified anthraquinone modulated by DNA binding. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2199-2207. [PMID: 30838367 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00586a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
An anthraquinone modified with a nitroxide radical and able to intercalate into DNA has been synthesized to obtain a molecule the spin state of which can be manipulated by visible light and DNA binding. The doublet ground state of the molecule can be photo-switched to either a strongly coupled spin state (quartet + doublet), when isolated, or to an uncoupled spin state (triplet and doublet), when bound to DNA. The different spin state that is obtained upon photoexcitation depends on the intercalation of the quinonic core into double-stranded DNA which changes the conformation of the molecule, thereby altering the exchange interaction between the excited state localized on the quinonic core and the nitroxide radical. The spin state of the system has been investigated using both continuous-wave and time-resolved EPR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bortolus
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Ribaudo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Toffoletti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Donatella Carbonera
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Zagotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
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4
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Lozynskyi A, Sabadakh O, Luchkevich E, Taras T, Vynnytska R, Karpenko O, Novikov V, Lesyk R. The application of anthraquinone-based triazenes as equivalents of diazonium salts in reaction with methylene active compounds. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2018.1452236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Lozynskyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Sabadakh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpatian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Eugene Luchkevich
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpatian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Tetyana Taras
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpatian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Renata Vynnytska
- Department of Chemitsry of Pharmaceutical Faculty, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | | | - Volodymyr Novikov
- Department of Technology of Biologically Active Substances, Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Roman Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
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5
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Structural and theoretical study of 1-[1-oxo-3-phenyl-(2-benzosulfonamide)-propyl amido] – anthracene-9,10-dione to be i-motif inhibitor. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Yu CP, Shia CS, Lin HJ, Hsieh YW, Lin SP, Hou YC. Analysis of the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of aloe-emodin following intravenous and oral administrations in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1641-7. [PMID: 27061721 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Aloe-emodin, a natural polyphenolic anthraquinone, has shown various beneficial bioactivities in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of aloe-emodin. Aloe-emodin was intravenously and orally administered to rats. The concentrations of aloe-emodin and rhein, a metabolite of aloe-emodin, were determined by HPLC method prior to and after hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase and sulfatase/β-glucuronidase. The results showed that the systemic exposures of aloe-emodin and its metabolites were ranked as aloe-emodin glucuronides (G) > rhein sulfates (S) > aloe-emodin > rhein and rhein G when aloe-emodin was given intravenously. In contrast, when aloe-emodin was administered orally, the parent form of aloe-emodin was not absorbed per se, and the systemic exposures of its metabolites were ranked as aloe-emodin G > rhein G > rhein. In conclusion, the metabolites of aloe-emodin are more important than the parent form for the bioactivities in vivo. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ping Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Sheng Shia
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ju Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yow-Wen Hsieh
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shiuan-Pey Lin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chi Hou
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, Republic of China
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7
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Marković V, Debeljak N, Stanojković T, Kolundžija B, Sladić D, Vujčić M, Janović B, Tanić N, Perović M, Tešić V, Antić J, Joksović MD. Anthraquinone–chalcone hybrids: Synthesis, preliminary antiproliferative evaluation and DNA-interaction studies. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 89:401-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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8
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Adhikari A, Datta A, Adhikari M, Chauhan K, Chuttani K, Saw S, Shukla A, Mishra AK. Preclinical Evaluation of DO3A-Act-AQ: A Polyazamacrocyclic Monomeric Anthraquinone Derivative as a Theranostic Agent. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:445-56. [DOI: 10.1021/mp4004089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anupriya Adhikari
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization, Brig S K Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110054, India
- Department
of Chemistry, Kanya Gurukul Campus, Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar-249404, India
| | - Anupama Datta
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization, Brig S K Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110054, India
| | - Manish Adhikari
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization, Brig S K Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110054, India
| | - Kanchan Chauhan
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization, Brig S K Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110054, India
| | - Krishna Chuttani
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization, Brig S K Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110054, India
| | - Sanjiv Saw
- Division of Clinical PET, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization, Brig S K Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110054, India
| | - Abha Shukla
- Department
of Chemistry, Kanya Gurukul Campus, Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar-249404, India
| | - Anil K. Mishra
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization, Brig S K Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110054, India
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9
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Synthesis, cytotoxic activity and DNA-interaction studies of novel anthraquinone–thiosemicarbazones with tautomerizable methylene group. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 64:228-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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11
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Jin GZ, Jin HS, Jin LL. Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of 1,4-bis(dimethylamino)-9,10-anthraquinone derivatives against P388 mouse leukemic tumor cells. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:1071-6. [PMID: 21811913 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0704-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-substituted-1,4-bis(dimethylamino)-9,10-anthraquinone derivatives were synthesized and their in vitro antiproliferative activities against p388 mouse leukemic tumor cells were evaluated. In addition, the effect of substituents on the phenyl ring was investigated. Among the derivatives tested, seven showed a high antiproliferative effect and three showed a moderate effect. In addition, introduction of a series of substituted phenyl groups into 1,4-bis(dimethylamino)-9,10-anthraquinone at 2-position were shown to enhance its antiproliferative activity. The antiproliferative activity also increased upon substitution of the benzene ring by an electron donating group such as an amine or methoxyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhu Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China.
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12
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Afrakssou Z, Kandri Rodi Y, Capet F, Essassi EM, El Ammari L. 1,3-Dibenzyl-1H-anthra[1,2-d]imidazole-2,6,11(3H)-trione. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o1253-4. [PMID: 21754544 PMCID: PMC3089129 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811015078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The mol-ecule of the title compound, C(29)H(20)N(2)O(3), contains four fused rings, three are six-membered rings and one is the five-membered imidazole ring. The fused-ring system is linked to two benzyl groups. The four fused rings are folded around the O=C⋯C=O direction of the anthraquinone, with a dihedral angle of 16.36 (8)° between the two terminal rings (A and D). The imidazole ring (D) is almost perpendicular to the two benzyl groups (E and F) with dihedral angles of 86.69 (17) and 83.15 (13)°, respectively. In the crystal, adjacent mol-ecules are linked by inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonding.
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13
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Kukowska-Kaszuba M, Dzierzbicka K, Serocki M, Skladanowski A. Solid Phase Synthesis and Biological Activity of Tuftsin Conjugates. J Med Chem 2011; 54:2447-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jm200002s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kukowska-Kaszuba
- Department of Organic Chemistry and ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dzierzbicka
- Department of Organic Chemistry and ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marcin Serocki
- Department of Organic Chemistry and ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Skladanowski
- Department of Organic Chemistry and ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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Niedziałkowski P, Narloch J, Trzybiński D, Ossowski T. 1-Dimethyl-amino-9,10-anthraquinone. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o723. [PMID: 21522465 PMCID: PMC3052127 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811006829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the crystal structure of the title compound, C16H13NO2, adjacent molecules are linked through C—H⋯π and π–π [centroid–centroid distances = 3.844 (2) Å] contacts. The anthracene ring system and dimethylamino group are oriented at a dihedral angle of 38.4 (1)°. In the crystal, the mean planes of adjacent anthracene units are inclined at angles of 59.3 (1), 75.7 (1) and 76.0 (1)°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Niedziałkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, J. Sobieskiego 18, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
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15
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Molecular Modeling Study of Interaction of Anthracenedione Class of Drug Mitoxantrone and Its Analogs with DNA Tetrameric Sequences. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 696:385-400. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7046-6_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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16
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Alkhader S, Ezra A, Kasparkova J, Brabec V, Yavin E. A Metal-Free DNA Nuclease Based on a Cyclic Peptide Scaffold. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:1425-31. [DOI: 10.1021/bc900543b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shadad Alkhader
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Ein-Karem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel, and Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., 61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aviva Ezra
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Ein-Karem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel, and Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., 61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Ein-Karem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel, and Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., 61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Brabec
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Ein-Karem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel, and Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., 61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eylon Yavin
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Ein-Karem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel, and Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., 61265 Brno, Czech Republic
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17
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Gianoncelli A, Basili S, Scalabrin M, Sosic A, Moro S, Zagotto G, Palumbo M, Gresh N, Gatto B. Rational Design, Synthesis, and DNA Binding Properties of Novel Sequence-Selective Peptidyl Congeners of Ametantrone. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:1080-91. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Niedziałkowski P, Trzybiński D, Sikorski A, Ossowski T. 1,8-Bis(tos-yloxy)-9,10-anthraquinone. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2009; 66:o33-4. [PMID: 21580139 PMCID: PMC2980119 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536809051009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In the crystal structure of the title compound, C28H20O8S2, adjacent anthracene skeletons are parallel or inclined at an angle of 20.6 (1)°. In the molecular structure, the mean plane of the anthracene skeleton makes dihedral angles of 49.6 (1) and 76.8 (1)° with the tosyl rings, and the two terminal benzene rings are oriented at an angle of 74.5 (1)° with respect to each other. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular C—H⋯O and C—O⋯π interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Niedziałkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, J. Sobieskiego 18, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
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19
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Zagotto G, Sissi C, Lucatello L, Pivetta C, Cadamuro SA, Fox KR, Neidle S, Palumbo M. Aminoacyl−Anthraquinone Conjugates as Telomerase Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biophysical and Biological Evaluation. J Med Chem 2008; 51:5566-74. [DOI: 10.1021/jm800160v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Zagotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, United Kingdom, CRUK Biomolecular Structure Group, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Sissi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, United Kingdom, CRUK Biomolecular Structure Group, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Lorena Lucatello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, United Kingdom, CRUK Biomolecular Structure Group, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Pivetta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, United Kingdom, CRUK Biomolecular Structure Group, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio A. Cadamuro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, United Kingdom, CRUK Biomolecular Structure Group, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Keith R. Fox
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, United Kingdom, CRUK Biomolecular Structure Group, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Neidle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, United Kingdom, CRUK Biomolecular Structure Group, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Manlio Palumbo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, United Kingdom, CRUK Biomolecular Structure Group, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
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20
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Kaur N, Kumar S. Near-IR region absorbing 1,4-diaminoanthracene-9,10-dione motif based ratiometric chemosensors for Cu2+. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Synthesis, DNA binding, and cytotoxicity of 1,4-bis(2-amino-ethylamino)anthraquinone–amino acid conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:1006-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2007] [Revised: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Shangguan GQ, Huang LL, Qu XG. The synthesis and cytotoxic activity of novel organogermanium sesquioxides with anthraquinone or naphthalene moiety. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2007.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Gomez-Monterrey I, Campiglia P, Carotenuto A, Califano D, Pisano C, Vesci L, Lama T, Bertamino A, Sala M, di Bosco AM, Grieco P, Novellino E. Design, Synthesis, and Cytotoxic Evaluation of a New Series of 3-Substituted Spiro[(dihydropyrazine-2,5-dione)-6,3‘-(2‘,3‘-dihydrothieno[2,3-b]naphtho-4‘,9‘-dione)] Derivatives. J Med Chem 2007; 50:1787-98. [PMID: 17375902 DOI: 10.1021/jm0612158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3-substituted spiro[(dihydropyrazine-2,5-dione)-6,3'-(2',3'-dihydrothieno[2,3-b]naphtho-4',9'-dione)] derivatives were prepared using an easy synthetic route via condensation of the 3-amino-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,3-dihydrothieno[2,3-b]naphtho-4,9-dione system and amino acids followed by intramolecular lactamization. Amino acids containing alkyl and aryl, linear and cyclic, polar and apolar, and basic and acid residues were incorporated. Evaluation of these analogues against the MCF-7 human breast carcinoma and SW 620 human colon carcinoma cell lines revealed, for the 3S,3'R isomers derived from Pro (7a), Cys (11a), and Met (12a) and the 3R,3'S isomer derived from D-Pro (7c), a cytotoxic potency comparable to or greater than that of doxorubicin. Some of these selected analogues were potent cytotoxic agents in several other sensible and resistant human solid tumor cell lines and may be able to circumvent the multiple-drug-resistance mechanism. In particular, only a partial cross-resistance to the compounds 7, 11, and 12 was observed in selected tumor cell sublines known to be resistant to doxorubicin (MCF-7/Dx and A2780/Dx), whereas a very low level of cross-resistance to compounds 7 and 11 was found in a tumor cell subline selected for resistance to cisplatin (A2780/DDP). In addition, the topoisomerase II inhibition activity and DNA-binding properties were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gomez-Monterrey
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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24
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Zagotto G, Mitaritonna G, Sissi C, Palumbo M. New Peptidyl-Anthraquinones: Synthesis and DNA Binding. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319808004756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe. Zagotto
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Padova , Via Marzolo 5, 35131 , Padova , Italy
| | - Giovanni. Mitaritonna
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Padova , Via Marzolo 5, 35131 , Padova , Italy
| | - Claudia. Sissi
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Padova , Via Marzolo 5, 35131 , Padova , Italy
| | - Manlio. Palumbo
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Padova , Via Marzolo 5, 35131 , Padova , Italy
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25
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Dzierzbicka K, Sowinski P, Kołodziejczyk AM. Synthesis of analogues of anthraquinones linked to tuftsin or retro-tuftsin residues as potential topoisomerase inhibitors. J Pept Sci 2006; 12:670-8. [PMID: 16953492 DOI: 10.1002/psc.777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel group of [(4-, 5- or 8)-hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone-1-yl]-(tuftsin or retro-tuftsin) acids and methyl esters has been synthesized as potential anticancer compounds. The corresponding protected tuftsin or retro-tuftsin derivatives were also synthesized. We hope that combining compounds of different mechanisms of action will improve their clinical properties, and that our new analogues will be much more effective against multidrug-resistant tumour cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dzierzbicka
- Department of Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland.
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26
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Manzanaro S, Vicent MJ, Martín MJ, Salvador-Tormo N, Pérez JM, del Mar Blanco M, Avendaño C, Menéndez JC, de la Fuente JA. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new 1,5-diazaanthraquinones with cytotoxic activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 12:6505-15. [PMID: 15556767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2004] [Revised: 09/10/2004] [Accepted: 09/14/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of 1,5-diazaanthraquinone derivatives was synthesized and their in vitro cytotoxic activities were evaluated against several human cancer cell lines. The 1,5-diazaanthraquinone chromophore has been synthesized either on the basis of hetero Diels-Alder reactions involving different quinoline-5,8-diones and alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde N,N-dimethylhydrazones or by thermolysis of different arylaminomethylene Meldrum's acid derivatives. Some of these compounds showed cytotoxic activity comparable to that of mitoxantrone against most of the cell lines tested. Compounds 20, 30, 31 and 37 were 4-54 times more potent that mitoxantrone against A549, H116, PSN1 and T98G cancer cell lines but, interestingly, they were 3-16 times less potent against the human breast carcinoma SKBR3. Some structure-activity relationships are described, the most significant one being the increase in cytotoxicity resulting from the introduction of a halogen atom at the C-4 position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Manzanaro
- Instituto Biomar, S.A., Polígono Industrial, Edificio CEEI, 24231 Onzonilla, León, Spain
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27
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Gomez-Monterrey I, Santelli G, Campiglia P, Califano D, Falasconi F, Pisano C, Vesci L, Lama T, Grieco P, Novellino E. Synthesis and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Novel Spirohydantoin Derivatives of the Dihydrothieno[2,3-b]naphtho-4,9-dione System. J Med Chem 2005; 48:1152-7. [PMID: 15715481 DOI: 10.1021/jm0408565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of 3-(alkyl)(alkyl-substituted)spiro[(dihydroimidazo-2,4-dione)-5,3'-(2',3'-dihydrothieno[2,3-b]naphtho-4',9'-dione)]derivatives are described. Evaluation of these analogues against the MCF-7 human breast carcinoma and SW 620 human colon carcinoma cell lines uncovered for most of the compounds a cytotoxic potency comparable to or greater than that of doxorubicin. Compound 15 exhibited remarkable cytotoxic activity against several other human solid tumor cell lines. Interestingly, only a partial cross-resistance to compound 15 in selected tumor cell sublines known to be resistant to doxorubicin (MCF-7/Dx and A2780/Dx) was observed, whereas a total absence of cross-resistance in a tumor cell subline selected for resistance to cisplatin was found (A2780/DDP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gomez-Monterrey
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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28
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Giles GI, Sharma RP. Solid phase synthesis of anthraquinone peptides and their evaluation as topoisomerase I inhibitors. J Pept Sci 2005; 11:417-23. [PMID: 15641118 DOI: 10.1002/psc.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Anthraquinone peptide derivatives have previously been shown to inhibit the enzyme topoisomerase I (topo I), a pharmaceutical target for the prevention of malignant carcinomas. A highly efficient procedure for the attachment of the anthraquinone moiety to the N-terminus of a peptide on a solid support is reported. This methodology provides a convenient method for the synthesis of labelled peptides, with potential applications for chemotherapy, DNA detection and protein purification. As the synthetic strategy utilizes the solid phase, it should also be amenable to the generation of combinatorial libraries. The utility of the method by synthesizing a pool of peptides and assaying for topo I inhibition is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory I Giles
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Bassett Crescent East, University of Southampton, SO16 7PX, UK
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29
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Boseggia E, Gatos M, Lucatello L, Mancin F, Moro S, Palumbo M, Sissi C, Tecilla P, Tonellato U, Zagotto G. Toward efficient Zn(II)-based artificial nucleases. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:4543-9. [PMID: 15070372 DOI: 10.1021/ja039465q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of cis-cis-triaminocyclohexane Zn(II) complex-anthraquinone intercalator conjugates, designed in such a way to allow their easy synthesis and modification, have been investigated as hydrolytic cleaving agents for plasmid DNA. The ligand structure comprises a triaminocyclohexane platform linked by means of alkyl spacers of different length (from C(4) to C(8)) to the anthraquinone group which may intercalate the DNA. At a concentration of 5 microM, the complex of the derivative with a C(8) alkyl spacer induces the hydrolytic stand scission of supercoiled DNA with a rate of 4.6 x 10(-6) s(-1) at pH 7 and 37 degrees C. The conjugation of the metal complex with the anthraquinone group leads to a 15-fold increase of the cleavage efficiency when compared with the anthraquinone lacking Zn-triaminocyclohexane complex. The straightforward synthetic procedure employed, allowing a systematic change of the spacer length, made possible to gain more insight on the role of the intercalating group in determining the reactivity of the systems. Comparison of the reactivity of the different complexes shows a remarkable increase of the DNA cleaving efficiency with the length of the spacer. In the case of too-short spacers, the advantages due to the increased DNA affinity are canceled due to the incorrect positioning of the reactive group, thus leading to cleavage inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Boseggia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Istituto CNR Tecnologia delle Membrane-Sezione di Padova, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padua, Italy
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30
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Cai Z, Sevilla MD. Studies of Excess Electron and Hole Transfer in DNA at Low Temperatures. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/b94474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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31
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Gomez-Monterrey I, Campiglia P, Grieco P, Diurno MV, Bolognese A, La Colla P, Novellino E. New benzo[g]isoquinoline-5,10-diones and dihydrothieno [2,3-b]naphtho-4,9-dione derivatives: synthesis and biological evaluation as potential antitumoral agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:3769-75. [PMID: 12901922 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00310-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Novel antitumoral agents with quinonic structure were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activities. This study examines the cytotoxic activities of several aryl benzo[g]isoquinoline-5,10-dione derivatives and a number of aminoacyl dihydrothieno[2,3-b]naphtho-4,9-dione (DTNQ) derivatives containing amino acids in position 3 of the ring system. Compound 6 showed remarkable cytotoxic activity at submicromolar concentration not only against several human leukaemia and solid tumour cell lines, but also toward sensitive and resistant human cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gomez-Monterrey
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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32
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Huang HS, Chiou JF, Chiu HF, Hwang JM, Lin PY, Tao CW, Yeh PF, Jeng WR. Synthesis of symmetrical 1,5-bis-thio-substituted anthraquinones for cytotoxicity in cultured tumor cells and lipid peroxidation. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2002; 50:1491-4. [PMID: 12419916 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.50.1491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of anthraquinone moieties bearing symmetrical sulfur-linked substituents in the 1 and 5 positions is described. These compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth of suspended rat glioma C6 cells and human hepatoma G2 cells, respectively. In addition, the redox property of the compounds was determined based on the inhibition of lipid peroxidation in model membranes. Compounds 2a and 2h in this series compared favorably and exhibited the most potent cytotoxicity (0.02, 0.05 microM) against C6 cells in the XTT colorimetric assay. As far as redox properties are concerned, all bis-thio-anthraquinones show potential lipid peroxidation in model membranes very close to that of mitoxantrone (MX), and 2a, 2d, 2e, 2i, 2j, and 2k have more potential than that of MX. The lack of cytotoxicity of compound 2i cannot be related to lipid peroxidation, but the steric and electronic properties of the side-chain substituent maybe impair effective recognition of the cleavable complex. In contrast to MX, 2a and 2h are cytotoxic in rat glioma C6 cells and do not enhance lipid peroxidation in model membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Shan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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33
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Cardia MC, Begala M, DeLogu A, Maccioni E. Synthesis and biological evaluation of some differently substituted 9,10-anthracenediones. FARMACO (SOCIETA CHIMICA ITALIANA : 1989) 2001; 56:549-54. [PMID: 11601639 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(01)01082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
9,10-Anthracenedione derivatives are known to exhibit a quite potent anticancer activity. It has also been reported that these compounds can be effectively employed in both antibacterial and antitrypanosomal therapy. Anthraquinones also exhibit some undesirable side effects, like cardiotoxicity. So many interactions seem to demonstrate that 9,10-anthracenediones strongly interact with a number of biological sites. In this paper we wish to report on the synthesis and the pharmaceutical activity of some newly synthesised derivatives containing the anthraquinone pharmacophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Cardia
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Cagliari, Italy
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34
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Zagotto G, Supino R, Favini E, Moro S, Palumbo M. New 1,4-anthracene-9,10-dione derivatives as potential anticancer agents. FARMACO (SOCIETA CHIMICA ITALIANA : 1989) 2000; 55:1-5. [PMID: 10755224 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(99)00091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The amino-substituted anthracene-9,10-dione (9,10-anthraquinone) derivatives represent one of the most important classes of potential anticancer agents. To better understand the basic rules governing DNA sequence specificity, we have recently synthesized a new class of D- and L-aminoacyl-anthraquinone derivatives. We have tested these new compounds as cytotoxic agents, and we have correlated their activity with the configuration of the chiral aminoacyl moiety. Molecular modeling studies have been performed to compare the test drugs in terms of steric overlapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zagotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Padova, Italy.
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35
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Venitt S, Crofton-Sleigh C, Agbandje M, Jenkins TC, Neidle S. Anthracene-9,10-diones as potential anticancer agents: bacterial mutation studies of amido-substituted derivatives reveal an unexpected lack of mutagenicity. J Med Chem 1998; 41:3748-52. [PMID: 9733500 DOI: 10.1021/jm980167r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen anthracene-9,10-dione ("anthraquinone") derivatives with (omega-aminoalkyl)carboxamido substituents at the 1-, 2-, 1,4-, or 2, 6-ring positions were tested for bacterial mutagenicity in reverse-mutation assays using Salmonella typhimurium frameshift strains TA1538, TA98, and TA97a, in the presence and absence of a metabolic activation system prepared from the livers of rats treated with Aroclor 1254. Six of the compounds were also tested in S. typhimurium TA100 and Escherichia coli WP2uvrApKM101 strains, which carry mutations particularly sensitive to reversion by DNA base-pair substitution. Two structurally related compounds, mitoxantrone and bisantrene, were tested in parallel as positive controls. Mitoxantrone was mutagenic to S. typhimurium TA1538 and TA98, whereas bisantrene was weakly mutagenic to both these strains but strongly mutagenic toward the TA97a variant. By contrast, although they are also DNA-binding intercalators, none of the amide-functionalized anthracene-9,10-diones of the present study showed significant mutagenic activity in any of the bacterial strains examined. Further, neither substituent position nor systematic alterations in the nature of attached side chains appeared to induce mutagenicity with these agents, although other studies have shown that such structural factors markedly influence their cytotoxic potencies toward mammalian cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Venitt
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Cancer Research Campaign Biomolecular Structure Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Cancer Hospital, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
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36
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Perry PJ, Gowan SM, Reszka AP, Polucci P, Jenkins TC, Kelland LR, Neidle S. 1,4- and 2,6-disubstituted amidoanthracene-9,10-dione derivatives as inhibitors of human telomerase. J Med Chem 1998; 41:3253-60. [PMID: 9703471 DOI: 10.1021/jm9801105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A number of 1,4- and 2,6-difunctionalized amidoanthracene-9, 10-diones have been prepared. We have examined their in vitro cytotoxicity in several tumor cell lines and their ability to inhibit the telomere-addition function of the human telomerase enzyme together with their inhibition of the Taq polymerase enzyme. Compounds with -(CH2)2- side chains terminating in basic groups such as piperidine show inhibition of telomerase at telIC50 levels of 4-11 microM. These are thus among the most potent nonnucleoside telomerase inhibitors reported to date. Cytotoxicity levels in human tumor cell lines were at comparable levels for several compounds. Implications for amidoanthracene-9,10-dione telomerase inhibitors as potential anticancer agents are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Perry
- Cancer Research Campaign Biomolecular Structure Unit and Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
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37
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38
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Gatto B, Zagotto G, Sissi C, Palumbo M. Preferred interaction of D-peptidyl-anthraquinones with double-stranded B-DNA. Int J Biol Macromol 1997; 21:319-26. [PMID: 9493055 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-8130(97)00076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The quest for more specific drugs in antitumor chemotherapy led us to the design of anthraquinone-peptide conjugates capable of selective recognition of the nucleic acid. We present here the DNA binding characteristics, sequence specificity and geometry of interaction of a pair of enantiomers containing the lysine-glycine dipeptide in the side chains. The D enantiomer binds right handed double stranded DNA more efficiently than the L form under all conditions tested. The source of higher binding affinity is not electrostatic in nature and rests in the more favorable hydrophobic contacts of the D-lysyl side chains in the drug-DNA complex. Both derivatives exhibit preference for alternating GC base sequences and intercalate into DNA in a threading mode as suggested by chiroptical and theoretical studies. The D enantiomer, being a peptidyl derivative that contains a non-natural amino acid, has the considerable advantage of being less susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis and could therefore represent a lead compound for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gatto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
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