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T A AR, Rajendra TN, Suhas KP, Ippagunta SK, Chaudhary S. 1,2,4,5-Tetraoxane derivatives/hybrids as potent antimalarial endoperoxides: Chronological advancements, structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies and future perspectives. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 38618882 DOI: 10.1002/med.22040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Malaria is a life-threatening disease that affects tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Various drugs were used to treat malaria, including artemisinin and derivatives, antibiotics (tetracycline, doxycycline), quinolines (chloroquine, amodiaquine), and folate antagonists (sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine). Since the malarial parasites developed drug resistance, there is a need to develop new chemical entities with high efficacy and low toxicity. In this context, 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes emerged as an essential scaffold and have shown promising antimalarial activity. To improve activity and overcome resistance to various antimalarial drugs; 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes were fused with various aryl/heteroaryl/alicyclic/spiro moieties (steroid-based 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes, triazine-based 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes, aminoquinoline-based 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes, dispiro-based 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes, piperidine-based 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes and diaryl-based 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes). The present review aims to focus on covering the relevant literature published during the past 30 years (1992-2022). We summarize the most significant in vitro, in vivo results and structure-activity relationship studies of 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane-based hybrids as antimalarial agents. The structural evolution of different hybrids can provide the framework for the future development of 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane-based hybrids to treat malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rahaman T A
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioactive Heterocycles and Catalysis (BHC lab), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (Transit Campus), Lucknow, India
| | - Thakar Neha Rajendra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioactive Heterocycles and Catalysis (BHC lab), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (Transit Campus), Lucknow, India
| | - Kshirsagar Prasad Suhas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioactive Heterocycles and Catalysis (BHC lab), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (Transit Campus), Lucknow, India
| | - Sirish K Ippagunta
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Chaudhary
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioactive Heterocycles and Catalysis (BHC lab), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (Transit Campus), Lucknow, India
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2
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Shukla M, Rathi K, Hassam M, Yadav DK, Karnatak M, Rawat V, Verma VP. An overview on the antimalarial activity of 1,2,4-trioxanes, 1,2,4-trioxolanes and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:66-137. [PMID: 37222435 DOI: 10.1002/med.21979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The demand for novel, fast-acting, and effective antimalarial medications is increasing exponentially. Multidrug resistant forms of malarial parasites, which are rapidly spreading, pose a serious threat to global health. Drug resistance has been addressed using a variety of strategies, such as targeted therapies, the hybrid drug idea, the development of advanced analogues of pre-existing drugs, and the hybrid model of resistant strains control mechanisms. Additionally, the demand for discovering new potent drugs grows due to the prolonged life cycle of conventional therapy brought on by the emergence of resistant strains and ongoing changes in existing therapies. The 1,2,4-trioxane ring system in artemisinin (ART) is the most significant endoperoxide structural scaffold and is thought to be the key pharmacophoric moiety required for the pharmacodynamic potential of endoperoxide-based antimalarials. Several derivatives of artemisinin have also been found as potential treatments for multidrug-resistant strain in this area. Many 1,2,4-trioxanes, 1,2,4-trioxolanes, and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes derivatives have been synthesised as a result, and many of these have shown promise antimalarial activity both in vivo and in vitro against Plasmodium parasites. As a consequence, efforts to develop a functionally straight-forward, less expensive, and vastly more effective synthetic pathway to trioxanes continue. This study aims to give a thorough examination of the biological properties and mode of action of endoperoxide compounds derived from 1,2,4-trioxane-based functional scaffolds. The present system of 1,2,4-trioxane, 1,2,4-trioxolane, and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane compounds and dimers with potentially antimalarial activity will be highlighted in this systematic review (January 1963-December 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Komal Rathi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mohammad Hassam
- Department of Chemistry, Chemveda Life Sciences Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manvika Karnatak
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Varun Rawat
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
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Singh P, Sharma C, Sharma B, Mishra A, Agarwal D, Kannan D, Held J, Singh S, Awasthi SK. N-sulfonylpiperidinedispiro-1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes exhibit potent in vitro antiplasmodial activity and in vivo efficacy in mice infected with P. berghei ANKA. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114774. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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4
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Yang J, Wang Y, Guan W, Su W, Li G, Zhang S, Yao H. Spiral molecules with antimalarial activities: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 237:114361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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5
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Woodley CM, Amado PSM, Cristiano MLS, O'Neill PM. Artemisinin inspired synthetic endoperoxide drug candidates: Design, synthesis, and mechanism of action studies. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:3062-3095. [PMID: 34355414 DOI: 10.1002/med.21849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) have been used as the first-line treatments against Plasmodium falciparum malaria for decades. Recent advances in chemical proteomics have shed light on the complex mechanism of action of semi-synthetic artemisinin (ARTs), particularly their promiscuous alkylation of parasite proteins via previous heme-mediated bioactivation of the endoperoxide bond. Alarmingly, the rise of resistance to ART in South East Asia and the synthetic limitations of the ART scaffold have pushed the course for the necessity of fully synthetic endoperoxide-based antimalarials. Several classes of synthetic endoperoxide antimalarials have been described in literature utilizing various endoperoxide warheads including 1,2-dioxanes, 1,2,4-trioxanes, 1,2,4-trioxolanes, and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes. Two of these classes, the 1,2,4-trioxolanes (arterolane and artefenomel) and the 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes (N205 and E209) based antimalarials, have been explored extensively and are still in active development. In contrast, the most recent publication pertaining to the development of the 1,2-dioxane, Arteflene, and 1,2,4-trioxanes fenozan-50F, DU1301, and PA1103/SAR116242 was published in 2008. This review summarizes the synthesis, biological and clinical evaluation, and mechanistic studies of the most developed synthetic endoperoxide antimalarials, providing an update on those classes still in active development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrícia S M Amado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Center of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria L S Cristiano
- Center of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Patel OPS, Beteck RM, Legoabe LJ. Exploration of artemisinin derivatives and synthetic peroxides in antimalarial drug discovery research. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113193. [PMID: 33508479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by protozoal parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium. It caused an estimated 405,000 deaths and 228 million malaria cases globally in 2018 as per the World Malaria Report released by World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019. Artemisinin (ART), a "Nobel medicine" and its derivatives have proven potential application in antimalarial drug discovery programs. In this review, antimalarial activity of the most active artemisinin derivatives modified at C-10/C-11/C-16/C-6 positions and synthetic peroxides (endoperoxides, 1,2,4-trioxolanes, 1,2,4-trioxanes, and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes) are systematically summarized. The developmental trend of ART derivatives, and cyclic peroxides along with their antimalarial activity and how the activity is affected by structural variations on different sites of the compounds are discussed. This compilation would be very useful towards scaffold hopping aimed at avoiding the unnecessary complexity in cyclic peroxides, and ultimately act as a handy resource for the development of potential chemotherapeutics against Plasmodium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om P S Patel
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
| | - Richard M Beteck
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Lesetja J Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
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Zha Q, Wu Y. Synthesis of Primary gem-Dihydroperoxides and Their Peroxycarbenium [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions with Alkenes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14121-14138. [PMID: 33108728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is long known that dihydroperoxidation of aliphatic aldehydes is extremely difficult and normally stops halfway at the hydroxyhydroperoxide stage. This strange phenomenon now has been explored, and a highly effective protocol for conversion of aliphatic aldehydes into gem-dihydroperoxides has been developed. Silyl protection of primary gem-dihydroperoxides, which is also a challenge due to unexpected based-induced decomposition, was achieved using 2,6-lutidine as the base. The silyl-protected gem-dihydroperoxides were then examined in a peroxycarbenium [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction with alkenes for the first time. Aromatic substrates normally reacted smoothly, affording the expected 1,2-dioxolanes smoothly. Aliphatic aldehydes generally failed to yield 1,2-dioxolane. In all cases, unexpected formation of either a chlorohydrin or a 1,2-dichloride (with Cl atoms derived from TiCl4) depending on the alkene employed was observed, which displays some so far unknown facets of the cycloaddition and helped to gain many mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghong Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry and the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yikang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry and the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 China
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Costa EB, Silva RC, Espejo-Román JM, Neto MFDA, Cruz JN, Leite FHA, Silva CHTP, Pinheiro JC, Macêdo WJC, Santos CBR. Chemometric methods in antimalarial drug design from 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes analogues. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 31:677-695. [PMID: 32854545 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2020.1803961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A set of 23 steroidal 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane analogues were studied using quantum-chemical method (B3LYP/6-31 G*) and multivariate analyses (PCA, HCA, KNN and SIMCA) in order to calculate the properties and correlate them with antimalarial activity (log RA) against Plasmodium falciparum clone D-6 from Sierra Leone. PCA results indicated 99.94% of the total variance and it was possible to divide the compounds into two classes: less and more active. Descriptors responsible for separating were: highest occupied molecular orbital energy (HOMO), bond length (O1-O2), Mulliken electronegativity (χ) and Bond information content (BIC0). We use HCA, KNN and SIMCA to explain relationships between molecular properties and biological activity of a training set and to predict antimalarial activity (log RA) of 13 compounds (#24-36) with unknown biological activity. We apply molecular docking simulations to identify intermolecular interactions with a selected biological target. The results obtained in multivariate analysis aided in the understanding of the activity of the new compound's design (#24-36). Thus, through chemometric analyses and docking molecular study, we propose theoretical synthetic routes for the most promising compounds 28, 30, 32 and 36 that can proceed to synthesis steps and in vitro and in vivo assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Costa
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal ABC , Santo André, Brazil
- Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal do Pará , Belém, Brazil
| | - R C Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Modelagem e Química Computacional, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá , Macapá, Brazil
| | - J M Espejo-Román
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada , Granada, Spain
| | - M F de A Neto
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana , Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - J N Cruz
- Laboratorio de Modelagem e Química Computacional, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá , Macapá, Brazil
| | - F H A Leite
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana , Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - C H T P Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - J C Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal do Pará , Belém, Brazil
| | - W J C Macêdo
- Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal do Pará , Belém, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Modelagem e Química Computacional, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá , Macapá, Brazil
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Simulação de Sistema, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - Campus Capanema , Capanema, Brazil
| | - C B R Santos
- Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal do Pará , Belém, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Modelagem e Química Computacional, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá , Macapá, Brazil
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Simulação de Sistema, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - Campus Capanema , Capanema, Brazil
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Bityukov OV, Vil' VA, Sazonov GK, Kirillov AS, Lukashin NV, Nikishin GI, Terent'ev AO. Kharasch reaction: Cu-catalyzed and non-Kharasch metal-free peroxidation of barbituric acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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An X, Zha Q, Wu Y. Perhydrolysis in Ethereal H2O2 Mediated by MoO2(acac)2: Distinct Chemoselectivity between Ketones, Ketals, and Epoxides. Org Lett 2019; 21:1542-1546. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry and the University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qinghong Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry and the University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yikang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry and the University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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11
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Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of new artemisinin hybrid molecules against human leukemia cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:3357-3367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Gomes GDP, Vil' V, Terent'ev A, Alabugin IV. Stereoelectronic source of the anomalous stability of bis-peroxides. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6783-6791. [PMID: 28757970 PMCID: PMC5508698 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02402a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The unusual stability of bis- and tris-peroxides contradicts the conventional wisdom - some of them can melt without decomposition at temperatures exceeding 100 °C. In this work, we disclose a stabilizing stereoelectronic effect that two peroxide groups can exert on each other. This stabilization originates from strong anomeric nO → σ*CO interactions that are absent in mono-peroxides but reintroduced in molecules where two peroxide moieties are separated by a CH2 group. Furthermore, such effects can be induced by other σ-acceptors and amplified by structural constraints imposed by cyclic and bicyclic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Dos Passos Gomes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32306-4390 , USA . ;
| | - Vera Vil'
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , 47 Leninsky Prospekt , Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation . ;
| | - Alexander Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , 47 Leninsky Prospekt , Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation . ;
| | - Igor V Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32306-4390 , USA . ;
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Rozhko E, Solmi S, Cavani F, Albini A, Righi P, Ravelli D. Revising the Role of a Dioxirane as an Intermediate in the Uncatalyzed Hydroperoxidation of Cyclohexanone in Water. J Org Chem 2015; 80:6425-31. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rozhko
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari” Alma Mater
Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Solmi
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari” Alma Mater
Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Cavani
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari” Alma Mater
Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Angelo Albini
- PhotoGreen
Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli
12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Righi
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari” Alma Mater
Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Ravelli
- PhotoGreen
Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli
12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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14
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Han WB, Wu Y. Facile Perhydrolysis of Oxetanes Catalyzed by Molybdenum Species. Org Lett 2014; 16:5706-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol502785u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yikang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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15
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de Paula MC, Valle MS, Pliego JR. Electron affinity and dipole moment of 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes antimalarials and correlation with activity against Plasmodium falciparum. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Terent'ev AO, Borisov DA, Vil’ VA, Dembitsky VM. Synthesis of five- and six-membered cyclic organic peroxides: Key transformations into peroxide ring-retaining products. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:34-114. [PMID: 24454562 PMCID: PMC3896255 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review describes the current status of synthetic five and six-membered cyclic peroxides such as 1,2-dioxolanes, 1,2,4-trioxolanes (ozonides), 1,2-dioxanes, 1,2-dioxenes, 1,2,4-trioxanes, and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes. The literature from 2000 onwards is surveyed to provide an update on synthesis of cyclic peroxides. The indicated period of time is, on the whole, characterized by the development of new efficient and scale-up methods for the preparation of these cyclic compounds. It was shown that cyclic peroxides remain unchanged throughout the course of a wide range of fundamental organic reactions. Due to these properties, the molecular structures can be greatly modified to give peroxide ring-retaining products. The chemistry of cyclic peroxides has attracted considerable attention, because these compounds are used in medicine for the design of antimalarial, antihelminthic, and antitumor agents.
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Key Words
- 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes
- 1,2,4-trioxanes
- 1,2,4-trioxolanes
- 1,2-dioxanes
- 1,2-dioxenes
- 1,2-dioxolanes
- cyclic peroxides
- ozonides
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander O Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Borisov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vera A Vil’
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Valery M Dembitsky
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Institute for Drug Research, P.O. Box 12065, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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17
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Yadav N, Sharma C, Awasthi SK. Diversification in the synthesis of antimalarial trioxane and tetraoxane analogs. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42513d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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18
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Sashidhara KV, Avula SR, Ravithej Singh L, Palnati GR. A facile and efficient Bi(III) catalyzed synthesis of 1,1-dihydroperoxides and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Kumar N, Khan SI, Rawat DS. Synthesis and Antimalarial-Activity Evaluation of TetraoxaneTriazine Hybrids and Spiro[piperidine-4,3′-tetraoxanes]. Helv Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201200015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Slack RD, Jacobine AM, Posner GH. Antimalarial peroxides: advances in drug discovery and design. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md00277a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Tilley L, Charman SA, Vennerstrom JL. Semisynthetic Artemisinin and Synthetic Peroxide Antimalarials. NEGLECTED DISEASES AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849733496-00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the endoperoxide sesquiterpene lactone artemisinin, numerous second-generation semisynthetic artemisinins and synthetic peroxides have been prepared and tested for their antimalarial properties. Using a case-study approach, we describe the discovery of the investigational semisynthetic artemisinins artelinic acid (8) and artemisone (9), and the structurally diverse synthetic peroxides arteflene (10), fenozan B07 (11), arterolane (12), PA1103/SAR116242 (13), and RKA182 (14).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leann Tilley
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-rayScience, La Trobe University Melbourne, Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - Susan A. Charman
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Jonathan L. Vennerstrom
- College of Pharmacy University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE USA
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22
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Kumar N, Singh R, Rawat DS. Retracted: Tetraoxanes: synthetic and medicinal chemistry perspective. Med Res Rev 2011; 31:482. [PMID: 20027667 DOI: 10.1002/med.20189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Hao HD, Li Y, Han WB, Wu Y. A hydrogen peroxide based access to qinghaosu (artemisinin). Org Lett 2011; 13:4212-5. [PMID: 21761857 DOI: 10.1021/ol2015434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Attachment of H(2)O(2) onto the highly hindered quaternary C-12a in an advanced qinghaosu (artemisinin) precursor has been achieved through a facile perhydrolysis of a spiro epoxy ring with the aid of a previously unknown molybdenum species without involving any special equipment or complicated operations. The resultant β-hydroxyhydroperoxide can be further elaborated into qinghaosu, illustrating an entry fundamentally different from the existing ones to this outstanding natural product of great importance in malaria chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Dong Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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24
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Marti F, Chadwick J, Amewu RK, Burrell-Saward H, Srivastava A, Ward SA, Sharma R, Berry N, O'Neill PM. Second generation analogues of RKA182: synthetic tetraoxanes with outstanding in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activities. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1md00102g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Synthesis and antimalarial activity of new 1,2,4,5-tetroxanes and novel alkoxy-substituted 1,2,4,5-tetroxanes derived from primary gem-dihydroperoxides. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.10.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Kumar N, Singh R, Rawat DS. Tetraoxanes: Synthetic and Medicinal Chemistry Perspective. Med Res Rev 2010. [PMID: 22675731 DOI: 10.1002/med.20223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diwan S. Rawat
- University of Delhi; Department of Chemistry; Delhi 110007 India
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Dong Y, McCullough KJ, Wittlin S, Chollet J, Vennerstrom JL. The structure and antimalarial activity of dispiro-1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes derived from (+)-dihydrocarvone. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:6359-61. [PMID: 20943385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.09.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An unsaturated dispiro 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane formed by peroxidation of (+)-dihydrocarvone was converted into four structurally diverse derivatives. X-ray crystallographic analysis shows that the structures possess central tetraoxane rings with spiro-2,5-disubstituted cyclohexylidene substituents and 6-membered rings in classical chair conformations. As polarity in the tetraoxane series increased, in vitro potency against Plasmodium falciparum decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Dong
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Pharmacy, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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29
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Terent’ev AO, Krivykh OB, Krylov IB, Ogibin YN, Nikishin GI. A new property of geminal bishydroperoxides: Hydrolysis with the removal of hydroperoxide groups to form a ketone. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363210080165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Terent’ev AO, Borisov DA, Yaremenko IA, Chernyshev VV, Nikishin GI. Synthesis of Asymmetric Peroxides: Transition Metal (Cu, Fe, Mn, Co) Catalyzed Peroxidation of β-Dicarbonyl Compounds with tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide. J Org Chem 2010; 75:5065-71. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100793j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander O. Terent’ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry A. Borisov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan A. Yaremenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir V. Chernyshev
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russian Federation
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, 31 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Gennady I. Nikishin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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31
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Azarifar D, Khosravi K, Soleimanei F. Mild and efficient strontium chloride hexahydrate-catalyzed conversion of ketones and aldehydes into corresponding gem-dihydroperoxides by aqueous H2O2. Molecules 2010; 15:1433-41. [PMID: 20335991 PMCID: PMC6257293 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15031433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SrCl2·6H2O has been shown to act as an efficient catalyst for the conversion of aldehydes or ketones into the corresponding gem-dihydroperoxides (DHPs) by treatment with aqueous H2O2 (30%) in acetonitrile. The reactions proceed under mild and neutral conditions at room temperature to afford good to excellent yields of product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Azarifar
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, 65178 Hamadan, Iran.
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32
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Amewu R, Gibbons P, Mukhtar A, Stachulski AV, Ward SA, Hall C, Rimmer K, Davies J, Vivas L, Bacsa J, Mercer AE, Nixon G, Stocks PA, O'Neill PM. Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo antimalarial assessment of sulfide, sulfone and vinyl amide-substituted 1,2,4-trioxanes prepared via thiol-olefin co-oxygenation (TOCO) of allylic alcohols. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:2068-77. [DOI: 10.1039/b924319d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Gemma S, Martí F, Gabellieri E, Campiani G, Novellino E, Butini S. Synthetic studies toward 1,2-dioxanes as precursors of potential endoperoxide-containing antimalarials. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.07.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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34
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Terent’ev AO, Borisov DA, Chernyshev VV, Nikishin GI. Facile and Selective Procedure for the Synthesis of Bridged 1,2,4,5-Tetraoxanes; Strong Acids As Cosolvents and Catalysts for Addition of Hydrogen Peroxide to β-Diketones. J Org Chem 2009; 74:3335-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jo900226b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander O. Terent’ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation, Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russian Federation, and A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, 31 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry A. Borisov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation, Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russian Federation, and A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, 31 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir V. Chernyshev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation, Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russian Federation, and A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, 31 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Gennady I. Nikishin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation, Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russian Federation, and A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, 31 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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35
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Li Y, Hao HD, Zhang Q, Wu Y. A Broadly Applicable Mild Method for the Synthesis of gem-Diperoxides from Corresponding Ketones or 1,3-Dioxolanes. Org Lett 2009; 11:1615-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ol900262t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong-Dong Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yikang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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36
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Terent’ev AO, Platonov MM, Tursina AI, Chernyshev VV, Nikishin GI. Ring Contraction of 1,2,4,5,7,8-Hexaoxa-3-silonanes by Selective Reduction of COOSi Fragments. Synthesis of New Silicon-Containing Rings, 1,3,5,6-Tetraoxa-2-silepanes. J Org Chem 2009; 74:1917-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8023957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander O. Terent’ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospect, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim M. Platonov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospect, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna I. Tursina
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospect, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Chernyshev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospect, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady I. Nikishin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospect, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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Abstract
The problem of endemic malaria continues unabated globally. Malaria affects 40 % of the global population, causing an estimated annual mortality of 1.5-2.7 million people. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 90 % of these deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa among infants under the age of five. While a vaccine against malaria continues to be elusive, chemotherapy remains the most viable alternative towards treatment of the disease. During last years, the situation has become urgent in many ways, but mainly because of the development of chloroquine-resistant (CQR) strains of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf). The discovery that artemisinin (ART, 1), an active principle of Artemisia annua L., expresses a significant antimalarial activity, especially against CQR strains, opened new approaches for combating malaria. Since the early 1980s, hundreds of semi-synthetic and synthetic peroxides have been developed and tested for their antimalarial activity, the results of which were extensively reviewed. In addition, in therapeutic practice, there is no reported case of drug resistance to these antimalarial peroxides. This review summarizes recent achievements in the area of peroxide drug development for malaria chemotherapy.
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38
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Mixed steroidal tetraoxanes induce apoptotic cell death in tumor cells. Invest New Drugs 2008; 27:432-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-008-9197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Opsenica I, Opsenica D, Lanteri CA, Anova L, Milhous WK, Smith KS, Šolaja BA. New Chimeric Antimalarials with 4-Aminoquinoline Moiety Linked to a Tetraoxane Skeleton. J Med Chem 2008; 51:6216-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jm8006905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Opsenica
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia, Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. 20910, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, P.O. Box 158, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Opsenica
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia, Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. 20910, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, P.O. Box 158, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Charlotte Anne Lanteri
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia, Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. 20910, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, P.O. Box 158, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lalaine Anova
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia, Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. 20910, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, P.O. Box 158, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Wilbur K. Milhous
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia, Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. 20910, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, P.O. Box 158, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kirsten S. Smith
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia, Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. 20910, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, P.O. Box 158, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bogdan A. Šolaja
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia, Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. 20910, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, P.O. Box 158, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
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Ellis GL, Amewu R, Sabbani S, Stocks PA, Shone A, Stanford D, Gibbons P, Davies J, Vivas L, Charnaud S, Bongard E, Hall C, Rimmer K, Lozanom S, Jesús M, Gargallo D, Ward SA, O'Neill PM. Two-step synthesis of achiral dispiro-1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes with outstanding antimalarial activity, low toxicity, and high-stability profiles. J Med Chem 2008; 51:2170-7. [PMID: 18341274 DOI: 10.1021/jm701435h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, two-step synthesis of a range of dispiro-1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes with potent antimalarial activity both in vitro and in vivo has been achieved. These 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes have been proven to be superior to 1,2,4-trioxolanes in terms of stability and to be superior to trioxane analogues in terms of both stability and activity. Selected analogues have in vitro nanomolar antimalarial activity and good oral activity and are nontoxic in screens for both cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. The synthesis of a fluorescent 7-nitrobenza-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD) tagged tetraoxane probe and use of laser scanning confocal microscopy techniques have shown that tagged molecules accumulate selectively only in parasite infected erythrocytes and that intraparasitic formation of adducts could be inhibited by co-incubation with the iron chelator desferrioxamine (DFO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma L Ellis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
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Ellis GL, Amewu R, Hall C, Rimmer K, Ward SA, O’Neill PM. An efficient route into synthetically challenging bridged achiral 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes with antimalarial activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1720-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Revised: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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42
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Terent'ev AO, Platonov MM, Krylov IB, Chernyshev VV, Nikishin GI. Synthesis of 1-hydroperoxy-1′-alkoxyperoxides by the iodine-catalyzed reactions of geminal bishydroperoxides with acetals or enol ethers. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:4435-41. [DOI: 10.1039/b809661a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Griesbeck A, Blunk D, El-Idreesy T, Raabe A. Bicyclic Peroxides and Perorthoesters with 1,2,4-Trioxane Structures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:8883-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200701397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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44
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Griesbeck A, Blunk D, El-Idreesy T, Raabe A. Bicyclische Peroxide und Perorthoester mit 1,2,4-Trioxanstruktur. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200701397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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45
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Wang X, Dong Y, Wittlin S, Creek D, Chollet J, Charman SA, Tomas JS, Scheurer C, Snyder C, Vennerstrom JL. Spiro- and dispiro-1,2-dioxolanes: contribution of iron(II)-mediated one-electron vs two-electron reduction to the activity of antimalarial peroxides. J Med Chem 2007; 50:5840-7. [PMID: 17949067 DOI: 10.1021/jm0707673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen spiro- and dispiro-1,2-dioxolanes were synthesized by peroxycarbenium ion annulations with alkenes in yields ranging from 30% to 94%. Peroxycarbenium ion precursors included triethylsilyldiperoxyketals and -acetals derived from geminal dihydroperoxides and from a new method employing triethylsilylperoxyketals and -acetals derived from ozonolysis of alkenes. The 1,2-dioxolanes were either inactive or orders of magnitude less potent than the corresponding 1,2,4-trioxolanes or artemisinin against P. falciparum in vitro and P. berghei in vivo. In reactions with iron(II), the predominant reaction course for 1,2-dioxolane 3a was two-electron reduction. In contrast, the corresponding 1,2,4-trioxolane 1 and the 1,2,4-trioxane artemisinin undergo primarily one-electron iron(II)-mediated reductions. The key structural element in the latter peroxides appears to be an oxygen atom attached to one or both of the peroxide-bearing carbon atoms that permits rapid beta-scission reactions (or H shifts) to form primary or secondary carbon-centered radicals rather than further reduction of the initially formed Fe(III) complexed oxy radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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46
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47
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Terent'ev AO, Platonov MM, Sonneveld EJ, Peschar R, Chernyshev VV, Starikova ZA, Nikishin GI. New Preparation of 1,2,4,5,7,8-Hexaoxonanes. J Org Chem 2007; 72:7237-43. [PMID: 17713951 DOI: 10.1021/jo071072c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new versatile procedure was developed for the synthesis of 1,2,4,5,7,8-hexaoxonanes based on the Lewis acid catalyzed reaction of acetals with 1,1'-dihydroperoxydicycloalkyl peroxides. The procedure substantially extends the structural diversity of these compounds and, in most cases, allows the synthesis of these compounds in higher yields (to 96%) and with higher selectivity. Complexation of hexaoxonane with chloroform was documented for the first time. The structures of several triperoxides were established by X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander O Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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48
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Dong Y, Creek D, Chollet J, Matile H, Charman SA, Wittlin S, Wood JK, Vennerstrom JL. Comparative antimalarial activities of six pairs of 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes (peroxide dimers) and 1,2,4,5,7,8-hexaoxonanes (peroxide trimers). Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:3033-5. [PMID: 17485500 PMCID: PMC1932524 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00264-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Six tetraoxanes had 50% inhibitory concentrations in the range of 10 to 100 ng/ml against Plasmodium falciparum, whereas the corresponding hexaoxonanes had minimal antimalarial activity. The lack of iron-mediated reactivity of the hexaoxonanes may explain their low activity compared to the tetraoxanes, the latter of which are able to undergo iron(II)-mediated activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Dong
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6025, USA
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Terent'ev AO, Platonov MM, Ogibin YN, Nikishin GI. Convenient Synthesis of Geminal Bishydroperoxides by the Reaction of Ketones with Hydrogen Peroxide. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910701226384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. O. Terent'ev
- a N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow, Russia
| | - M. M. Platonov
- a N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow, Russia
| | - Y. N. Ogibin
- a N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow, Russia
| | - G. I. Nikishin
- a N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow, Russia
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Liu HH, Zhang Q, Jin HX, Shen X, Wu YK. Synthesis of 1,2-Dioxane Type Antimalarial Peroxides†. CHINESE J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200690221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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