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Zhukovsky D, Dar'in D, Krasavin M. Rh2
(esp)2
-Catalyzed Coupling of α-Diazo-γ-butyrolactams with Aromatic Amines. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Zhukovsky
- Saint Petersburg State University; 199034 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Dar'in
- Saint Petersburg State University; 199034 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Saint Petersburg State University; 199034 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
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2
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Hao X, Zuo X, Kang D, Zhang J, Song Y, Liu X, Zhan P. Contemporary medicinal-chemistry strategies for discovery of blood coagulation factor Xa inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:915-931. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1626821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Hao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Zuo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yuning Song
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, PR China
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3
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Basarić N, Thomas SS, Bregović VB, Cindro N, Bohne C. Phototautomerization in Pyrrolylphenylpyridine Terphenyl Systems. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4430-42. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Basarić
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Suma S. Thomas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Box 3065 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3 V6, Canada
| | - Vesna Blažek Bregović
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Cindro
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Cornelia Bohne
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Box 3065 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3 V6, Canada
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4
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Massue J, Frath D, Retailleau P, Ulrich G, Ziessel R. Synthesis of Luminescent Ethynyl-Extended Regioisomers of Borate Complexes Based on 2-(2′-Hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole. Chemistry 2013; 19:5375-86. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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5
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Ida Y, Nemoto T, Hirayama S, Fujii H, Osa Y, Imai M, Nakamura T, Kanemasa T, Kato A, Nagase H. Synthesis of quinolinomorphinan-4-ol derivatives as δ opioid receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:949-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Flemer S, Madalengoitia JS. On-resin synthesis of novel arginine-isostere peptides bearing substituted amidine headgroups. J Pept Sci 2011; 18:30-6. [PMID: 22034042 DOI: 10.1002/psc.1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A methodology is presented for the facile synthesis of Arg-containing peptides modified at the guanidine headgroup as substituted amidine cores. This process allows for the iterative construction of these Arg isosteres while the peptide is being built out on the solid support, providing a high potential for diversity in substitution pattern in the resulting peptide. A series of N-Pmc-substituted thioamides were condensed with deprotected δ-N Orn-bearing peptides while attached to the solid support using Mukaiyama's reagent as coupling reagent, yielding isosteric Arg-containing analogs. Peptides were cleaved using trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate/TFA and analyzed in their crude form in order to illustrate the amenability of this process toward production of peptide isolates in high crude purity. Arg-containing peptides having a single Arg isostere were utilized to show the general utility of this approach as well as a multiple-Arg-containing construct, illustrating the amenability of this method toward stepwise construction of differently substituted amidine headgroups within the same peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevenson Flemer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, A232 Cook Physical Sciences Building, 82 University Place, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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7
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Wawer M, Bajorath J. Local structural changes, global data views: graphical substructure-activity relationship trailing. J Med Chem 2011; 54:2944-51. [PMID: 21443196 DOI: 10.1021/jm200026b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The systematic extraction of structure-activity relationship (SAR) information from large and diverse compound data sets depends on the application of computational analysis methods. Irrespective of the methodological details, the ultimate goal of large-scale SAR analysis is to identify most informative compounds and rationalize structural changes that determine SAR behavior. Such insights provide a basis for further chemical exploration. Herein we introduce the first graphical SAR analysis method that globally organizes large compound data sets on the basis of local structural relationships, hence providing an immediate access to important structural modifications and SAR determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Wawer
- Department of Life Science Informatics, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany
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8
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Lee YK, Player MR. Developments in factor Xa inhibitors for the treatment of thromboembolic disorders. Med Res Rev 2011; 31:202-83. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Liu Z, Nefzi A. Solid-phase synthesis of N-substituted pyrrolidinone-tethered N-substituted piperidines via Ugi reaction. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2010; 12:566-70. [PMID: 20527770 PMCID: PMC2917892 DOI: 10.1021/cc100054u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Starting with resin-bound glutamic acid, an efficient synthesis of N-substituted pyrrolidinones is described, using the Ugi four-component reaction (U-4CR). The same methodology is employed to produce N-substituted pyrrolidinone tethered N-substituted piperidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Liu
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port Saint Lucie, Florida 34987, USA
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10
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Djukic B, Poddutoori PK, Dube PA, Seda T, Jenkins HA, Lemaire MT. Bimetallic Iron(3+) Spin-Crossover Complexes Containing a 2,2′-Bithienyl Bridging bis-QsalH Ligand. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:6109-16. [DOI: 10.1021/ic9004938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Djukic
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | | | - Paul A. Dube
- Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Takele Seda
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225
| | - Hilary A. Jenkins
- Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Martin T. Lemaire
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
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11
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Clive DLJ, Stoffman EJL. Synthesis of (-)-conocarpan by two routes based on radical cyclization and establishment of its absolute configuration. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:1831-42. [PMID: 18452020 DOI: 10.1039/b801858h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two independent routes for the total synthesis of the bioactive neolignan (-)-conocarpan are described. The first (98% ee) is based on formal radical cyclization onto a benzene ring, and involves a 5-exo-trigonal closure onto a double bond restrained within a 6-membered ring. The second route (88% ee), which is shorter, is based on 5-exo-trigonal cyclization of an aryl radical onto a pendant terminal double bond. The two routes differ in their degree of stereoselectivity. The absolute configuration originally assigned to (+)-conocarpan had previously been called into question on the basis of empirical chiroptical rules; the present chemical work confirms the need for revision, and the assigned absolute configurations of several compounds correlated with (+)-conocarpan must also be changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick L J Clive
- Chemistry Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.
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12
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Kohrt JT, Bigge CF, Bryant JW, Casimiro-Garcia A, Chi L, Cody WL, Dahring T, Dudley DA, Filipski KJ, Haarer S, Heemstra R, Janiczek N, Narasimhan L, McClanahan T, Peterson JT, Sahasrabudhe V, Schaum R, Van Huis CA, Welch KM, Zhang E, Leadley RJ, Edmunds JJ. The discovery of (2R,4R)-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N- (2-fluoro-4-(2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl)phenyl)-4-methoxypyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxamide (PD 0348292), an orally efficacious factor Xa inhibitor. Chem Biol Drug Des 2007; 70:100-12. [PMID: 17683371 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2007.00539.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the discovery of novel, proline-based factor Xa inhibitors containing a neutral P1 chlorophenyl pharmacophore. Through the additional incorporation of 1-(4-amino-3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-pyridin-2-one 22, as a P4 pharmacophore, we discovered compound 7 (PD 0348292). This compound is a selective, orally bioavailable, efficacious FXa inhibitor that is currently in phase II clinical trials for the treatment and prevention of thrombotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Kohrt
- Michigan Laboratories, Ann Arbor Campus, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
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13
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Lin HH, Han LY, Yap CW, Xue Y, Liu XH, Zhu F, Chen YZ. Prediction of factor Xa inhibitors by machine learning methods. J Mol Graph Model 2007; 26:505-18. [PMID: 17418603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2007.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2006] [Revised: 02/04/2007] [Accepted: 03/07/2007] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Factor Xa (FXa) inhibitors have been explored as anticoagulants for treatment and prevention of thrombotic diseases. Molecular docking, pharmacophore, quantitative structure-activity relationships, and support vector machines (SVM) have been used for computer prediction of FXa inhibitors. These methods achieve promising prediction accuracies of 69-80% for FXa inhibitors and 85-99% for non-inhibitors. Prediction performance, particularly for inhibitors, may be further improved by exploring methods applicable to more diverse range of compounds and by using more appropriate set of molecular descriptors. We tested the capability of several machine learning methods (C4.5 decision tree, k-nearest neighbor, probabilistic neural network, and support vector machine) by using a much more diverse set of 1098 compounds (360 inhibitors and 738 non-inhibitors) than those in other studies. A feature selection method was used for selecting molecular descriptors appropriate for distinguishing FXa inhibitors and non-inhibitors. The prediction accuracies of these methods are 89.1-97.5% for FXa inhibitors and 92.3-98.1% for non-inhibitors. In particular, compared to other studies, support vector machine gives a substantially improved accuracy of 94.6% for FXa non-inhibitors and maintains a comparable accuracy of 98.1% for inhibitors, based-on a more rigorous test with more diverse range of compounds. Our study suggests that machine learning methods such as SVM are useful for facilitating the prediction of FXa inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Lin
- Bioinformatics and Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Blk SOC1, Level 7, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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14
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Clive DLJ, Stoffman EJL. Total synthesis of (−)-conocarpan and assignment of the absolute configuration by chemical methods. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:2151-3. [PMID: 17520119 DOI: 10.1039/b704211f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
(-)-Conocarpan (1) was synthesized by a method based on radical cyclization, and the absolute configuration was established by chemical degradation; the original 2R,3R-assignment to (+)-conocarpan should be reversed, as suggested by a later chiroptical study of model 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick L J Clive
- Chemistry Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaT6G 2G2.
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15
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16
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Kohrt JT, Filipski KJ, Cody WL, Bigge CF, La F, Welch K, Dahring T, Bryant JW, Leonard D, Bolton G, Narasimhan L, Zhang E, Peterson JT, Haarer S, Sahasrabudhe V, Janiczek N, Desiraju S, Hena M, Fiakpui C, Saraswat N, Sharma R, Sun S, Maiti SN, Leadley R, Edmunds JJ. The discovery of glycine and related amino acid-based factor Xa inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:4379-92. [PMID: 16529937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2006] [Revised: 02/17/2006] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report on the identification of three potent glycine and related amino acid-based series of FXa inhibitors containing a neutral P1 chlorophenyl pharmacophore. A X-ray crystal structure has shown that constrained glycine derivatives with optimized N-substitution can greatly increase hydrophobic interactions in the FXa active site. Also, the substitution of a pyridone ring for a phenylsulfone ring in the P4 sidechain resulted in an inhibitor with enhanced oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Kohrt
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Michigan Labs, Ann Arbor, 48105, USA.
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17
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Taha MO, Qandil AM, Zaki DD, AlDamen MA. Ligand-based assessment of factor Xa binding site flexibility via elaborate pharmacophore exploration and genetic algorithm-based QSAR modeling. Eur J Med Chem 2005; 40:701-27. [PMID: 15935905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2004.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2004] [Accepted: 10/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The flexibility of activated factor X (fXa) binding site was assessed employing ligand-based pharmacophor modeling combined with genetic algorithm (GA)-based QSAR modeling. Four training subsets of wide structural diversity were selected from a total of 199 direct fXa inhibitors and were employed to generate different fXa pharmacophoric hypotheses using CATALYST software over two subsequent stages. In the first stage, high quality binding models (hypotheses) were identified. However, in the second stage, these models were refined by applying variable feature weight analysis to assess the relative significance of their features in the ligand-target affinity. The binding models were validated according to their coverage (capacity as a three-dimensional (3D) database search queries) and predictive potential as three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) models. Subsequently, GA and multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis were employed to construct different QSAR models from high quality pharmacophores and explore the statistical significance of combination models in explaining bioactivity variations across 199 fXa inhibitors. Three orthogonal pharmacophoric models emerged in the optimal QSAR equation suggesting they represent three binding modes accessible to ligands in the binding pocket within fXa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutasem O Taha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
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18
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Efficient synthesis of N-benzyl-3-aminopyrrolidine-2,5-dione and N-benzyl-3-aminopyrrolidin-2-one. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Jia ZJ, Wu Y, Huang W, Zhang P, Clizbe LA, Goldman EA, Sinha U, Arfsten AE, Edwards ST, Alphonso M, Hutchaleelaha A, Scarborough RM, Zhu BY. 1-(2-Naphthyl)-1 H -pyrazole-5-carboxylamides as potent factor Xa inhibitors. Part 2: A survey of P4 motifs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:1221-7. [PMID: 14980670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2003] [Revised: 12/05/2003] [Accepted: 12/12/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A variety of P4 motifs have been examined to increase the binding affinity and in vitro anticoagulant potency of our biphenyl 1-(2-naphthyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylamide-based fXa inhibitors. Highly potent 2-naphthyl-P1 fXa inhibitors (K(i)< or =2 nM) with improved in vitro anticoagulant activity (2xTG< or =1 microM) and respectable pharmacokinetic properties have been discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhong J Jia
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., 256 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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20
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Wipf P, Lynch SM, Birmingham A, Tamayo G, Jiménez A, Campos N, Powis G. Natural product based inhibitors of the thioredoxin–thioredoxin reductase system. Org Biomol Chem 2004; 2:1651-8. [PMID: 15162219 DOI: 10.1039/b402431a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spiroketal naphthodecalins are readily assembled by Barton's base mediated Ullmann binaphthyl ether coupling, Dakin reactions and hypervalent iodine spirocyclization. The core structures can be further diversified by enone addition and Stille coupling reactions. Nanomolar inhibitors for the Trx/TrxR redox control system were prepared by this approach and compared to series of natural product isolates. Cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cell assays ranged from an IC50 of 1.6 to >100 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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Czekaj M, Klein SI, Guertin KR, Gardner CJ, Zulli AL, Pauls HW, Spada AP, Cheney DL, Brown KD, Colussi DJ, Chu V, Leadley RJ, Dunwiddie CT. Optimization of the beta-aminoester class of factor Xa inhibitors. Part 1: P(4) and side-chain modifications for improved in vitro potency. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1667-70. [PMID: 12039586 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00212-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A systematic modification of the C(3) side-chain of the beta-aminoester class of factor Xa inhibitors and a survey of P(4) variations is described. These changes have resulted in the identification of sub-nanomolar inhibitors with improved selectivity versus related proteases. Coagulation parameters (i.e., APTT doubling concentrations) are also improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Czekaj
- Drug Innovation and Approval, Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Route 202-206, Bridgewater, NJ 08807, USA.
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He W, Hanney B, Myers MR, Condon S, Becker MR, Spada AP, Burns C, Brown K, Colussi D, Chu V. Benzimidazoles and isosteric compounds as potent and selective factor Xa inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:919-22. [PMID: 11958994 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Benzimidazoles and their isosteric compounds as factor Xa inhibitors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Department of Chemistry, Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Route 202-206, Bridgewater, NJ 08807, USA.
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Nar H, Bauer M, Schmid A, Stassen JM, Wienen W, Priepke HW, Kauffmann IK, Ries UJ, Hauel NH. Structural basis for inhibition promiscuity of dual specific thrombin and factor Xa blood coagulation inhibitors. Structure 2001; 9:29-37. [PMID: 11342132 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-2126(00)00551-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major current focus of pharmaceutical research is the development of selective inhibitors of the blood coagulation enzymes thrombin or factor Xa to be used as orally bioavailable anticoagulant drugs in thromboembolic disorders and in the prevention of venous and arterial thrombosis. Simultaneous direct inhibition of thrombin and factor Xa by synthetic proteinase inhibitors as a novel approach to antithrombotic therapy could result in potent anticoagulants with improved pharmacological properties. RESULTS The binding mode of such dual specific inhibitors of thrombin and factor Xa was determined for the first time by comparative crystallography using human alpha-thrombin, human des-Gla (1--44) factor Xa and bovine trypsin as the ligand receptors. The benzamidine-based inhibitors utilize two different conformations for the interaction with thrombin and factor Xa/trypsin, which are evoked by the steric requirements of the topologically different S2 subsites of the enzymes. Compared to the unliganded forms of the proteinases, ligand binding induces conformational adjustments of thrombin and factor Xa active site residues indicative of a pronounced induced fit mechanism. CONCLUSION The structural data reveal the molecular basis for a desired unselective inhibition of the two key components of the blood coagulation cascade. The 4-(1-methyl-benzimidazole-2-yl)-methylamino-benzamidine moieties of the inhibitors are able to fill both the small solvent accessible as well as the larger hydrophobic S2 pockets of factor Xa and thrombin, respectively. Distal fragments of the inhibitors are identified which fit into both the cation hole/aromatic box of factor Xa and the hydrophobic aryl binding site of thrombin. Thus, binding constants in the medium-to-low nanomolar range are obtained against both enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
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Gong Y, Becker M, Choi-Sledeski YM, Davis RS, Salvino JM, Chu V, Brown KD, Pauls HW. Solid-phase parallel synthesis of azarene pyrrolidinones as factor Xa inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:1033-6. [PMID: 10843210 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00151-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A focused library (4 x 14) prepared from 4-aminopyridine and 4-, 5-, and 6-azoindole templates was synthesized using 14 polymer supported 4-amido-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl (TFP) sulfonate esters inputs. Several compounds were identified as factor Xa inhibitors (IC50< or =0.1 microM) helping to establish the SAR among these four series of azarene pyrrolidinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
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Gong Y, Pauls HW, Spada AP, Czekaj M, Liang G, Chu V, Colussi DJ, Brown KD, Gao J. Amido-(propyl and allyl)-hydroxybenzamidines: development of achiral inhibitors of factor Xa. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:217-21. [PMID: 10698439 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00673-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and SAR of amido-(propyl and allyl)-hydroxybenzamidine coagulation factor Xa inhibitors is described. These achiral inhibitors are selective for fXa vis a vis structurally related serine proteases and are readily prepared in 6-7 linear steps. The most potent member 9j (fXa Ki = 0.75 nM) is selective (>1000-fold) and an effective anticoagulant in mammalian plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Collegeville, PA 19426-0107, USA
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Zhu BY, Scarborough RM. Chapter 9. Factor Xa inhibitors: Recent advances in anticoagulant agents. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(00)35010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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