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C-Ring Oxidized Estrone Acetate Derivatives: Assessment of Antiproliferative Activities and Docking Studies. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12073579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
C-Ring oxidized estrone acetate derivatives as antiproliferative agents were prepared and tested against five cancer cell lines by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Flow cytometry assays to evaluate cell viability and modifications in cell cycle phases and molecular docking research against estrogen receptor α, steroid sulfatase, and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 were performed. 9α-Hydroxy,11β-nitrooxyestrone acetate was the most cytotoxic molecule against hormone-dependent cancer cells. Furthermore, flow cytometry experiments revealed that this 9α-hydroxy,11β-nitrooxy derivative markedly reduced HepaRG cells viability (~92%) after 24 h of treatment. However, 9α-hydroxyestrone acetate led to selective inhibition of HepaRG cells growth, inducing a G0/G1 cycle arrest, and did not originate a proliferation effect on T47-D cancer cells. Docking studies estimated a generally lower affinity of these compounds to estrogen receptor α than predicted for estrone and 17β-estradiol. Therefore, this structural modification can be of interest to develop new anticancer estrane derivatives devoid of estrogenic action.
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Hanson RN, Hua E, Labaree D, Hochberg RB, Proffitt K, Essigmann JM, Croy RG. Convergent synthesis of a steroidal antiestrogen-mitomycin C hybrid using "click" chemistry. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:8501-8. [PMID: 23007562 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25902h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A convergent synthesis of a novel estrogen receptor-targeted drug hybrid was developed based on structures of the potent anti-proliferative mitomycin C and the steroidal anti-estrogen RU 39411. The steroidal antiestrogen was prepared with an azido-triethylene glycoloxy linker while the mitomycin C derivative (porfirimycin) incorporated a complementary 7-N-terminal alkyne. The two components were ligated using the Huisgen [3 + 2] cycloaddition ("click") reaction. Preliminary biological assays demonstrated that the final hybrid compound retained both potent anti-estrogenic and anti-proliferative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Hanson RN, Hua E, Hendricks JA, Labaree D, Hochberg RB. Synthesis and evaluation of 11β-(4-substituted phenyl) estradiol analogs: transition from estrogen receptor agonists to antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:3768-80. [PMID: 22608920 PMCID: PMC3581310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As part of our program to develop estrogen receptor (ER) targeted imaging and therapeutic agents we chose to evaluate 11β-substituted estradiol analogs as a representative scaffold. Previous synthetic studies provided an entry into this class of compounds and other work indicated that 11β-(substituted aryl) estradiol analogs were potent antagonists of the ER. Little information existed about the specific structural features involved in the transition from agonism to antagonism for the 11β-aryl estradiol analogs or their potential as scaffolds for drug conjugation. METHODS We prepared and characterized a series of 11β-(4-Substituted phenyl) estradiol analogs using modifications of existing synthetic methods. The new compounds, as well as standard steroidal agonists and antagonists, were evaluated as competitive ligands for the ERβ-LBD. Functional assays used the induction of alkaline phosphatase in Ishikawa cells to determine potency of the compounds as ER agonists or antagonists. RESULTS The synthetic strategy successfully generated a series of compounds in which the 4-substituent was sequentially modified from hydroxyl to methoxy to azidoethoxy/N,N-dimethylaminoethoxy and eventually to a prototypical 1,4-naphthoquinone-containing moiety. The new compounds all retained high relative binding affinity (RBA) for the ERα-LBD, ranging from 13-83% that of estradiol. No subtype selectivity was observed. More importantly, the transition from agonist to antagonist activity occurs at the 4-methoxy stage where the compound is a mixed antagonist. More notably, antagonism appeared to be more dependent upon the size of the 11β-substituent than upon the nature of the terminal group CONCLUSIONS We have developed a synthetic strategy that provides facile access to potent 11β-(4-substituted phenyl) estradiol analogs. The resultant compounds retain high affinity for the ERα-LBD and, more importantly, demonstrate potent antagonist activity in cells. Large functionalities distal to the 11β-phenyl ring had little additional effect on either affinity or efficacy, suggesting the incorporation of diverse imaging or biologically active groups can be attached without significantly compromising the ER-binding capacity. Future studies are in progress to exploit the 11β-aryl estradiol analogs as potential drug delivery systems and imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-5000, USA.
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Synthesis of a spin-labeled anti-estrogen as a dynamic motion probe for the estrogen receptor ligand binding domain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:1743-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bourgoin-Voillard S, Zins EL, Fournier F, Jacquot Y, Afonso C, Pèpe C, Leclercq G, Tabet JC. Stereochemical effects during [M-H]- dissociations of epimeric 11-OH-17beta-estradiols and distant electronic effects of substituents at C(11) position on gas phase acidity. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 20:2318-2333. [PMID: 19818644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The affinity of estradiol derivatives for the estrogen receptor (ER) depends strongly on nature and stereochemistry of substituents in C(11) position of the 17beta-estradiol (I). In this work, the stereochemistry effects of the 11alpha-OH-17beta-estradiol (III(alpha)) and 11beta-OH-17beta-estradiol (III(beta)) were investigated using CID experiments and gas-phase acidity (DeltaH degrees (acid)) determination. The CID experiments showed that the steroids decompose via different pathways involving competitive dissociations with rate constants depending upon the alpha/beta C(11) stereochemistry. It was shown that the fragmentations of both deprotonated [III(alpha)-H]- and [III(beta)-H]- epimers were initiated by the deprotonation of the most acidic site, i.e. the phenolic hydroxyl at C(3). This view was confirmed by H/D exchange and double resonance experiments. Furthermore, the DeltaH degrees (acid) of both epimers (III(alpha) and III(beta)), 17beta-estradiol (I), and 17-desoxyestradiol (II) was determined using the extended Cooks' kinetic method. The resulting values allowed us to classify steroids as a function of their gas-phase acidity as follows: (III(beta)) >> (II) > (I) > (III(alpha)). Interestingly, the alpha/beta C(11) stereochemistry appeared to influence strongly the gas-phase acidity. This phenomenon could be explained through stereospecific proton interaction with pi-orbital cloud of A ring, which was confirmed by theoretical calculation.
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Yu B, Qin Z, Wijewickrama GT, Edirisinghe P, Bolton JL, Thatcher GRJ. Comparative methods for analysis of protein covalent modification by electrophilic quinoids formed from xenobiotics. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:728-41. [PMID: 19301905 DOI: 10.1021/bc800435m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Conjugation of biotin and fluorophore tags is useful for assaying covalent protein modification. Oxidative bioactivation of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) yields reactive quinoid electrophiles that covalently modify proteins, and bioactivation is associated with carcinogenic and chemopreventive effects. Identification of the protein targets of electrophilic metabolites is of general importance for xenobiotics. Four methodologies using SERM derivatized biotin/fluorophore tags were compared for purification and quantification: (1) covert oxidatively activated tags (COATags; SERM conjugated to biotin); (2) dansylTags (SERM conjugated to fluorophore); and azidoTags (SERM azide derivatives) in a two-step conjugation to biotin, using either (3) Staudinger ligation or (4) click chemistry. All synthetic derivatives retained the estrogen receptor ligand characteristics of the parent SERMs. Model proteins with bioactivation by tyrosinase in buffer or cell lysates and liver proteins with in situ bioactivation in rat primary hepatocytes were studied by immunoassay and fluorescence. Comparison showed that the azidoTag/Staudinger method was sensitive but nonspecific, the azidoTag/click methodology had low sensitivity, and the dansylTag methodology failed to detect modified proteins in hepatocytes. The COATag methodology was judged superior, detecting 5 ng of modified protein in vitro and identifying protein targets in hepatocytes. In metabolism studies in rat liver microsomes, the azide group was metabolically labile, which was a contributing factor in not selecting the azidoTag methodology in the oxidative environments required for bioactivation. For study of the protein targets of electrophilic metabolites formed by in situ oxidative bioactivation, the COATag is both sensitive and specific and does not appear to suffer from poor cell permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolan Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612, USA
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Carlier PR, Anderson TD, Wong DM, Hsu DC, Hartsel J, Ma M, Wong EA, Choudhury R, Lam PCH, Totrov MM, Bloomquist JR. Towards a species-selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor to control the mosquito vector of malaria, Anopheles gambiae. Chem Biol Interact 2008; 175:368-75. [PMID: 18554580 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Revised: 04/25/2008] [Accepted: 04/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Anopheles gambiae is the major mosquito vector of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. At present, insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) impregnated with pyrethroid insecticides are widely used in malaria-endemic regions to reduce infection; however the emergence of pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes has significantly reduced the effectiveness of the pyrethroid ITNs. An acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor that is potent for An. gambiae but weakly potent for the human enzyme could potentially be safely deployed on a new class of ITNs. In this paper we provide a preliminary pharmacological characterization of An. gambiae AChE, discuss structural features of An. gambiae and human AChE that could lead to selective inhibition, and describe compounds with 130-fold selectivity for inhibition of An. gambiae AChE relative to human AChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Carlier
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Mattras H, Aliau S, Demey E, Poncet J, Borgna JL. Mass spectrometry identification of covalent attachment sites of two related estrogenic ligands on human estrogen receptor alpha. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 98:236-47. [PMID: 16513342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2005] [Accepted: 10/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A purified preparation of human estrogen receptor alpha (hERalpha) ligand-binding domain (LBD) involving mainly the Ser(309)Ala(569) (approximately 30%) and Ser(309)Ala(571) (approximately 63%) ER portions was used to identify the covalent attachment sites of two closely related estrogenic ER affinity labels 17alpha-bromoacetamidopropylestradiol (17BAPE(2)) and 17alpha-bromoacetamidomethylestradiol (17BAME(2)). To identify and quantify the electrophile covalent attachment sites, [(14)C]17BAPE(2)- and [(14)C]17BAME(2)-alkylated hLBD preparations were trypsinized and submitted to HPLC. In each case, two radioactive fractions were obtained. Mass spectrometry analyses of the two fractions showed signals, which closely matched the molecular masses of alkylated Cys(530)Lys(531) and Cys(417)Arg(434) hLBD tryptic peptides. The covalent attachment of the two electrophiles on hLBD was assigned to the S atoms of Cys(530) and Cys(417). However, the balance between Cys(530) and Cys(417) labeling markedly differed according to the affinity label used, with the Cys(530)/Cys(417) ratio being 2.1 for 17BAPE(2), and 20 for 17BAME(2). We attempted to interpret the covalent attachment of electrophiles by molecular modeling using the crystallographic structure of LBD bound to E(2). In agreement with the different levels of Cys(417) alkylation, the LBD model with unchanged helices could not easily account for Cys(417) labeling by 17BAME(2), whereas favorable results were obtained through 17BAPE(2) docking. Moreover, labeling at Cys(530) by the two electrophiles could not be interpreted using the LBD model. This indicates that some states of solute LBD bound to the estrogenic E(2) 17alpha-derivatives differ from the structure of crystallized LBD bound to E(2).
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Aliau S, Mattras H, Borgna JL. Identification of covalent attachment site of antiestrogenic estradiol 11 beta-derivatives on human estrogen receptor alpha ligand-binding domain. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 98:111-21. [PMID: 16439113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2005] [Accepted: 09/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Affinity labeling of human estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) by high affinity and antiestrogenic estradiol (E(2)) 11 beta-derivatives, 11 beta-bromoacetamidoethoxyphenylE(2) (11BAEOPE(2)) and 11 beta-bromoacetamidopentoxyphenylE(2) (11BAPOPE(2)) was studied using glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fused to the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of human ERalpha. To identify and quantify the electrophile covalent attachment sites on LBD, [(14)C]11BAEOPE(2)- and [(14)C]11BAPOPE(2)-alkylated LBD were separated from GST, purified, and then trypsinized. HPLC of LBD tryptic fragments afforded one and two radioactive peaks (the ratio of the two latter peaks was 84/16) in the chromatograms related to LBD alkylated by 11BAEOPE(2) and 11BAPOPE(2), respectively. Mass spectrometry (MS) analyses of the fractions related to the single peak and to the major one of the two peaks showed signals which accurately matched the mass of electrophile-alkylated Cys(530)Lys(531) LBD tryptic peptide, whereas no signal compatible with an alkylated form of an LBD tryptic peptide was detected in the MS analysis of the minor peak-related fractions. MS/MS analysis of alkylated CysLys dipeptide revealed the presence of fragments that unambiguously designated the Cys S as the covalent attachment site of the electrophiles. We attempted to interpret the biochemical data by molecular modeling using various crystallographic structures of human LBD-ligand complexes. In agreement with the endocrine properties of electrophiles, labeling at Cys(530) could be accounted for by a LBD structure derived from LBD bound to 4-hydroxytamoxifen, a triphenylethylene antiestrogen. The common attachment to Cys(530) of estrogenic E(2) 17 alpha-derivatives [H. Mattras, S. Aliau, E. Demey, J. Poncet, J.L. Borgna, Mass spectrometry identification of covalent attachment sites of two related estrogenic ligands on human estrogen receptor alpha, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 98 (4-5), in press] and antiestrogenic E(2) 11 beta-derivatives suggests that the LBD portion encompassing this amino acid possesses a marked plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Aliau
- INSERM, U 540, 60 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
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Prat D, Benedetti F, Franc Girard G, Nait Bouda L, Larkin J, Wehrey C, Lenay J. Industrial Synthesis of 4-Chloro,11β-arylestradiol: How to Circumvent a Poor Diastereoselectivity. Org Process Res Dev 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/op0341622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Prat
- Chemical/Process Development, Aventis Pharma, 102 Route de Noisy, 93235 Romainville Cedex, France
| | - Françoise Benedetti
- Chemical/Process Development, Aventis Pharma, 102 Route de Noisy, 93235 Romainville Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Franc Girard
- Chemical/Process Development, Aventis Pharma, 102 Route de Noisy, 93235 Romainville Cedex, France
| | - Lahlou Nait Bouda
- Chemical/Process Development, Aventis Pharma, 102 Route de Noisy, 93235 Romainville Cedex, France
| | - John Larkin
- Chemical/Process Development, Aventis Pharma, 102 Route de Noisy, 93235 Romainville Cedex, France
| | - Christian Wehrey
- Chemical/Process Development, Aventis Pharma, 102 Route de Noisy, 93235 Romainville Cedex, France
| | - Jacques Lenay
- Chemical/Process Development, Aventis Pharma, 102 Route de Noisy, 93235 Romainville Cedex, France
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Prat D, Benedetti F, Nait Bouda L, Franc Girard G. Recent developments in the synthesis of 11β-aryl-estrone derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mattras H, Aliau S, Richard E, Bonnafous JC, Jouin P, Borgna JL. Identification by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry of 17 alpha-bromoacetamidopropylestradiol covalent attachment sites on estrogen receptor alpha. Biochemistry 2002; 41:15713-27. [PMID: 12501200 DOI: 10.1021/bi0205092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry was used to identify the sites of covalent attachment of [(14)C]-17alpha-bromoacetamidopropylestradiol ([(14)C]17BAPE(2), an estradiol agonist) to the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of mouse estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha). A glutathione S-transferase (GST)-LBD chimera protein was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, using a vector encoding GST fused with a C-terminal portion of mouse ERalpha (Ser(313)-Ile(599)), via a sequence enclosing a thrombin cleavage site (located 14 amino acids ahead of Ser313). [(14)C]17BAPE(2) covalent labeling experiments were carried out on the GST-LBD chimera immobilized on glutathione-Sepharose. After thrombin cleavage of the chimeric LBD, two major [(14)C]17BAPE(2)-labeled species of 34 ( approximately 75%) and 30 kDa ( approximately 25%) were detected by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. Their identity was assessed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS): two main signals were consistent with the mass of the full-length (Ser(313)-Ile(599)) and truncated LBD (Ser(313)-Ala(573)), both comprising the extra 14 N-terminal amino acids and covalently bound [(14)C]17BAPE(2) (via HBr elimination). A purified (14)C-labeled LBD preparation was trypsinized to identify the covalent attachment sites of 17BAPE(2). HPLC of tryptic fragments only revealed two discrete and practically equivalent radioactive fractions. MALDI-TOF MS analysis of these two fractions showed only two signals which exactly matched the molecular masses of the [(14)C]17BAPE(2)-alkylated Cys(534)Lys(535) and Cys(421)-Arg(438) peptides, respectively. Hydrolysis of the second (14)C-labeled fraction by Staphylococcus aureus V8 Glu-C endoproteinase generated signals typical of alkylated the Cys(421)-Glu(423) tripeptide. We concluded that Cys421 and Cys534 were equivalent alternative covalent attachment sites of 17BAPE(2) on the LBD. These biochemical data were interpreted using the crystallographic structures of estradiol-LBD and raloxifene- or 4-hydroxytamoxifen-LBD complexes. The covalent attachment to Cys421, Cys534, or both could be interpreted according to the starting structure. Various hypotheses based on the biochemical results and molecular modeling simulations are discussed, with the likely involvement of dynamic interconversion between multiple conformational states of the LBD-17BAPE(2) complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Mattras
- INSERM U 439, 70 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
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Morel P, Top S, Vessières A, Stéphan É, Laïos I, Leclercq G, Jaouen G. First attachment of the stable organometallic moiety 〚Re(CO) 3 (η 5 -C 5 H 4 –C≡C–)〛 at position 11ß of oestradiol. Biochemical behaviour of the complex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1387-1609(00)01224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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