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Macrino CDJ, Dos Santos NA, Conceição NDS, Baptista CSD, Neto AC, Romão W. Isolation and characterization of reference standard candidates for cocaine and benzoylecgonine obtained from illicit substances seized. J Forensic Sci 2024; 69:1025-1034. [PMID: 38520078 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The area of forensic chemistry has been growing and developing as a line of research due to the high demands of public safety that require increasingly reliable results due to their importance in criminalistics. In this way, the development of new technologies that help this area, whether in the identification and quantification of drugs or the fight against fraud, becomes promising. In this context, the present work explored the production of reference standards from the purification of cocaine/crack samples seized by the Civil Police of the State of Espírito Santo. Cocaine was purified using chromatographic techniques, and benzoylecgonine was synthesized from purified cocaine. All substances were characterized by ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Homogeneity and stability studies were also performed with benzoylecgonine, and the results were evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Cocaine and benzoylecgonine showed purities of 98.37% and 96.34%, respectively. The homogeneity of the batch, short-term stability, and other parameters were also evaluated, which together indicate this proposal as promising in the development of reference standards for drugs of abuse from samples seized by the Brazilian forensic police.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clebson de Jesus Macrino
- Laboratório de Petroleômica e Química Forense, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Nayara A Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Petroleômica e Química Forense, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Forense (INCT Forense), Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Nathália Dos S Conceição
- Laboratório de Petroleômica e Química Forense, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Forense (INCT Forense), Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Clara S D Baptista
- Laboratório de Petroleômica e Química Forense, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Cunha Neto
- Laboratório de Petroleômica e Química Forense, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Romão
- Laboratório de Petroleômica e Química Forense, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Forense (INCT Forense), Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
- Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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Zhang Y, Goetzke FW, Christensen KE, Fletcher SP. Asymmetric Synthesis of Nortropanes via Rh-Catalyzed Allylic Arylation. ACS Catal 2022; 12:8995-9002. [PMID: 35966601 PMCID: PMC9361292 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
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Tropane derivatives are extensively used in medicine,
but catalytic
asymmetric methods for their synthesis are underexplored. Here, we
report Rh-catalyzed asymmetric Suzuki–Miyaura-type cross-coupling
reactions between a racemic N-Boc-nortropane-derived
allylic chloride and (hetero)aryl boronic esters. The reaction proceeds via an unexpected kinetic resolution, and the resolved enantiopure
allyl chloride can undergo highly enantiospecific reactions with N-,
O-, and S-containing nucleophiles. The method was applied in a highly
stereoselective formal synthesis of YZJ-1139(1), a potential insomnia
treatment that recently completed Phase II clinical trials. Our report
represents an asymmetric catalytic method for the synthesis of YZJ-1139(1)
and related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - F. Wieland Goetzke
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P. Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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3
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Rodriguez S, Uria U, Reyes E, Prieto L, Rodríguez-Rodríguez M, Carrillo L, Vicario JL. Enantioselective construction of the 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane scaffold: application in the synthesis of tropane alkaloids. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3763-3775. [PMID: 33949549 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00143d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane scaffold is the central core of the family of tropane alkaloids, which display a wide array of interesting biological activities. As a consequence, research directed towards the preparation of this basic structure in a stereoselective manner has attracted attention from many research groups worldwide across the years. Despite this, most of the approaches rely on the enantioselective construction of an acyclic starting material that contains all the required stereochemical information to allow the stereocontrolled formation of the bicyclic scaffold. As an alternative, there are a number of important methodologies reported in which the stereochemical control is achieved directly in the same transformation that generates the 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane architecture or in a desymmetrization process starting from achiral tropinone derivatives. This review compiles the most relevant achievements in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rodriguez
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, P. O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Uxue Uria
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, P. O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Efraim Reyes
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, P. O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Liher Prieto
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, P. O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, P. O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Luisa Carrillo
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, P. O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Jose L Vicario
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, P. O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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An Investigation of the Enolization and Isomeric Products Distribution in the Water Promoted Aldol Reaction of Tropinone and Granatanone. J CHEM-NY 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/4674901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The exo,anti/exo,syn-diastereoselectivity of water promoted direct aldol reactions of tropinone and granatanone (pseudopelletierine) is strongly dependent on the amount of water added and aromatic aldehyde used. DFT methods were applied to calculate the free energies of tropinone and granatanone enols, transition states, and isomeric aldol products. A theoretical model was verified by comparison of results from several DFT methods and functionals with experiments. The 6-31g(d)/CPCM method proved most suited to the problem, although all methods tested predicted similar trends. Explicit inclusion of a water molecule bonded to the amino ketones resulted in increased stability of the enol forms. The dependence of the anti/syn-diastereoselectivity on the amount of water used may be rationalized on the basis of change in the polarity of the reaction medium. The predicted stabilities of competing products agreed with experimental results supporting the notion of thermodynamic control. The isomeric products distributions for the aldol reaction of several aromatic aldehydes in solventless (neat) conditions were accurately calculated from free energies of the aldol addition step in the gas phase using B3LYP/6-31g(d) method and in aqueous conditions using the CPCM-B3LYP/6-31g(d) model. Our methodology can be useful for predicting the outcome of this type of aldol reactions.
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Gunes Y, Arcelik N, Sahin E, Fleming FF, Altundas R. Enantioselective Installation of Quaternary Centers in Cyclic Oxonitriles. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Sidorowicz K, Ratkiewicz A, Nodzewska A, Lazny R. Determination of the N-invertomer stereochemistry in N-substituted nortropanones and norgranatanones using computational and NMR methods. CR CHIM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Economical synthesis of 13C-labeled opiates, cocaine derivatives and selected urinary metabolites by derivatization of the natural products. Molecules 2015; 20:5329-45. [PMID: 25816077 PMCID: PMC6272324 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20045329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The illegal use of opiates and cocaine is a challenge world-wide, but some derivatives are also valuable pharmaceuticals. Reference samples of the active ingredients and their metabolites are needed both for controlling administration in the clinic and to detect drugs of abuse. Especially, 13C-labeled compounds are useful for identification and quantification purposes by mass spectroscopic techniques, potentially increasing accuracy by minimizing ion alteration/suppression effects. Thus, the synthesis of [acetyl-13C4]heroin, [acetyl-13C4-methyl-13C]heroin, [acetyl-13C2-methyl-13C]6-acetylmorphine, [N-methyl-13C-O-metyl-13C]codeine and phenyl-13C6-labeled derivatives of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, norcocaine and cocaethylene was undertaken to provide such reference materials. The synthetic work has focused on identifying 13C atom-efficient routes towards these derivatives. Therefore, the 13C-labeled opiates and cocaine derivatives were made from the corresponding natural products.
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Nodzewska A, Bokina A, Romanowska K, Lazny R. Environmentally benign diastereoselective synthesis of granatane and tropane aldol derivatives. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02834a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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9
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Brzezinski K, Lazny R, Nodzewska A, Sidorowicz K. Relative configuration, absolute configuration and absolute structure of three isomeric 8-benzyl-2-[(4-bromophenyl)(hydroxy)methyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-ones. Acta Crystallogr C 2013; 69:303-6. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270113002503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The title compounds, C21H22BrNO2, are isomeric 8-benzyl-2-[(4-bromophenyl)(hydroxy)methyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-ones. Compound (I), the (±)-exo,syn-(1RS,2SR,5SR,9SR) isomer, crystallizes in the hexagonal space groupR\overline{3}, while compounds (II) [the (+)-exo,anti-(1R,2S,5S,9R) isomer] and (III) [the (±)-exo,anti-(1RS,2SR,5SR,9RS) isomer] crystallize in the orthorhombic space groupsP212121andPna21, respectively. The absolute configuration was determined for enantiomerically pure (II). For the noncentrosymmetric crystal of (III), its absolute structure was established. In the crystal structures of (I) and (II), an intramolecular hydrogen bond is formed between the hydroxy group and the heterocyclic N atom. In the crystal structure of racemic (III), hydrogen-bonded chains of molecules are formedviaintermolecular O—H...O interactions. Additionally, face-to-edge π–π interactions are present in the crystal structures of (I) and (II). In all three structures, the piperidinone rings adopt chair conformations and theN-benzyl substituents occupy the equatorial positions.
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Lazny R, Nodzewska A, Sidorowicz K, Kalicki P. Determination of the relative configuration of tropinone and granatanone aldols by using TBDMS ethers. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:1877-83. [PMID: 23209525 PMCID: PMC3511025 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The relative configurations of tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) ethers of all four diastereomers of the aldols of tropinone (8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one), as well as of granatanone (9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one), were determined from NMR data, and from the observed interconversion of the diastereomers (exo,anti to endo,syn and exo,syn to endo,anti). The exo forms invert to endo isomers in the presence of silica gel. The relative configuration of a new isomer of tropinone aldol accessible synthetically through the direct solventless reaction of tropinone and benzaldehyde in the presence of water was determined as exo,syn by comparison of NMR data of the aldol isomers, in particular vicinal coupling constants and shifts corresponding to the side-chain CH group, with data of related TBDMS derivatives and confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Lazny
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, ul. Hurtowa 1, 15-339 Bialystok, Poland
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11
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Lazny R, Ratkiewicz A, Nodzewska A, Wysocka J. A DFT study of the origins of the stereoselectivity in the aldol reaction of bicyclic amino ketones in the presence of water. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Lazny R, Sienkiewicz M, Olenski T, Urbanczyk-Lipkowska Z, Kalicki P. Approaches to the enantioselective synthesis of ferrugine and its analogues. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Lazny R, Ratkiewicz A, Nodzewska A, Wynimko A, Siergiejczyk L. Determination of the N-methyl stereochemistry in tropane and granatane derivatives in solution: a computational and NMR spectroscopic study. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Córdova A, Lin S, Tseggai A. Concise Catalytic Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Biologically Active Tropane Alkaloids. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Davis FA, Gaddiraju NV, Theddu N, Hummel JR, Kondaveeti SK, Zdilla MJ. Enantioselective synthesis of cocaine C-1 analogues using sulfinimines (N-sulfinyl imines). J Org Chem 2012; 77:2345-59. [PMID: 22300308 DOI: 10.1021/jo202652f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of cocaine analogues having substituents (methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-pentyl, and phenyl) at the C-1 position of the cocaine tropane skeleton were prepared by heating sulfinimine-derived α,β-unsaturated pyrrolidine nitrones. In the presence of the Lewis acid Al(O(t)Bu)(3) the nitrones undergo an intramolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition to give tricyclic isoxazolidines that were transformed in three steps to the cocaine analogues. In the absence of the Lewis acid, lactams were formed resulting from rearrangement of the nitrone to an oxaziridine. A novel Pd- and base-promoted rearrangement of methanesulfonate salts of isoxazolidine to bridge bicyclic[4.2.1]isoxazolidines was discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin A Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
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Lazny R, Wolosewicz K, Zielinska P, Urbanczyk-Lipkowska Z, Kalicki P. Diastereo- and enantioselective aldol reaction of granatanone (pseudopelletierine). Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Lazny R, Nodzewska A, Tomczuk I. Spontaneous and diastereoselective aldol reactions of cyclic β-amino ketones in the presence of water. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.08.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Shing TKM, So KH. Facile and enantiospecific syntheses of (6S,7R)-6-chloro-7-benzyloxy-, (7S)-halo-, and (7S)-hydroxy-cocaine and natural (-)-cocaine from D-(-)-ribose. Org Lett 2011; 13:2916-9. [PMID: 21545090 DOI: 10.1021/ol2009686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
First syntheses of C6,7 and C7 enantiopure cocaine analogues were achieved from D-(-)-ribose via a trans-acetonide controlled endo-selective intramolecular nitrone-alkene cycloaddition (INAC) as the key step. This synthetic scheme allows practical preparation of cocaine analogues for bioevaluation as potential candidates for the treatment of cocaine addiction and as potential conjugates for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony K M Shing
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Novel Functional Molecules, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
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19
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Cheng G, Wang X, Zhu R, Shao C, Xu J, Hu Y. Total synthesis of (-)-cocaine and (-)-ferruginine. J Org Chem 2011; 76:2694-700. [PMID: 21391709 DOI: 10.1021/jo200069m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Total synthesis of tropane alkaloids (-)-cocaine and (-)-ferruginine were accomplished in nine steps each and in 55% and 46% overall yields, respectively, starting from the known Betti base derivative (+)-(7aR,10R,12S)-10-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-7a,8,9,10-tetrahydro-12-phenyl-12H-naphtho[1,2-e]pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazine. In this novel route, RCM reaction and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition were employed as key steps for the enantioselective construction of tropane skeleton and the regioselective introduction of 3-bromo-2-isoxazoline ring as masked cis-2,3-disubstituents. To obtain the desired precursor (2S,5R)-2-allyl-5-vinylpyrrolidine for RCM reaction, we developed a general and practical method for the preparation of enantiopure cis-2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines bearing alkene- and/or alkyne-containing substituents. We also offered two highly efficient pathways for the conversion of the 3-bromo-2-isoxazoline ring into the desired cis-2,3-disubstituted groups in (-)-cocaine and (-)-ferruginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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Davis FA, Theddu N, Edupuganti R. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (S)-(+)-Cocaine and the First Synthesis of Cocaine C-1 Analogs from N-Sulfinyl β-Amino Ester Ketals. Org Lett 2010; 12:4118-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ol1017118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franklin A. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Naresh Theddu
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Ram Edupuganti
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
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21
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22
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Sienkiewicz M, Wilkaniec U, Lazny R. Enantioselective route to ferrugine and its methyl analogue via aldol deoxygenation. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Davis FA, Theddu N, Gaspari PM. Asymmetric synthesis of substituted tropinones using the intramolecular mannich cyclization reaction and acyclic N-sulfinyl beta-amino ketone ketals. Org Lett 2009; 11:1647-50. [PMID: 19278245 DOI: 10.1021/ol9002948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sulfinimine-derived, enantiopure N-sulfinyl beta-amino ketone ketals on hydrolysis give dehydropyrrolidine ketones that on treatment with (Boc)(2)O/DMAP afford substituted tropinones in good yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin A Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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24
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Affolter O, Baro A, Laschat S, Fischer P. Enzymatic Resolution ofO-(Methoxymethyl)-Protected Tropane-diols. Helv Chim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200790206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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25
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Pollini GP, Benetti S, De Risi C, Zanirato V. Synthetic approaches to enantiomerically pure 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane derivatives. Chem Rev 2007; 106:2434-54. [PMID: 16771455 DOI: 10.1021/cr050995+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gian P Pollini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy.
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A. O'Doherty G, S. Mortensen M, C. Schmitt A, M. Smith C, A. Voight E. A Diastereoselective Silver(I) Promoted gem-Dibromocyclopropane Ring Opening Reaction via an Anchimeric Assisted Transannular Benzoate Migration. HETEROCYCLES 2006. [DOI: 10.3987/com-05-s(t)69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Zheng G, Dwoskin LP, Crooks PA. The Preparation of 2‐Arylmethylidene‐8‐methyl‐8‐azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan‐3‐ones. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2004. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-120037905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangrong Zheng
- a College of Pharmacy , University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky, 40536‐0082, USA
| | - Linda P. Dwoskin
- a College of Pharmacy , University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky, 40536‐0082, USA
| | - Peter A. Crooks
- a College of Pharmacy , University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky, 40536‐0082, USA
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28
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] The total synthesis of (+)-cocaine is described. An extension of the recently reported proline catalyzed intramolecular enol-exo-aldol reaction to a meso-dialdehyde provided the tropane ring skeleton directly with good enantiomeric excess. The meso-dialdehyde was prepared using a 2-azaallyllithium [3 + 2] cycloaddition to generate a cis-2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidine. Overall, the synthesis proceeded in 6.5% yield and 86% ee over 14 linear steps starting from commercially available 3-benzyloxy-1-propanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M Mans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
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Stereoselective construction of X-azabicyclo[m.2.1]alkanes by [3+2]-cycloaddition of non-stabilized cyclic azomethine ylides: synthesis of enantiopure constrained amino acids and formal total synthesis of optically active epibatidine. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00322-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Majewski M, DeCaire M, Nowak P, Wang F. Studies on enolate chemistry of 8-thiabicyclo[3.2.1]- octan-3-one: enantioselective deprotonation and synthesis of sulfur analogs of tropane alkaloids. CAN J CHEM 2001. [DOI: 10.1139/v01-157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Enantioselective deprotonation of 8-thiabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one (1) with chiral lithium amides, followed by reactions with electrophiles affords sulfur analogs of tropane alkaloids of pyranotropane family. Thus, deprotonation of 1 with (S)-N-(diphenyl)methyl-1-phenylethylamine (11d), followed by the reaction of the resulting nonracemic enolate with benzaldehyde gives the corresponding aldol product as one diastereoisomer (exo, threo) and in high enanatiomeric purity (95% ee). Trimethylsilyl chloride, acetic anhydride, and acyl cyanides react readily with the lithium enolate to give the corresponding derivatives of 1, however common alkylating agents fail to provide C-alkylated products. The reaction with acyl cyanides derived from α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids (e.g., cinnamoyl cyanide) can be utilized in synthesis of thia-analogs of tropane alkaloids physoperuvine and isobellendine (13, 15).Key words: enantioselective deprotonation, tropane alkaloids.
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