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Dai Y, Zhang J, Jiang B, Zhang T, Chen J. New strategy for rare sugars biosynthesis: Aldol reactions using dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)-dependent aldolases. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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2
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Desmons S, Fauré R, Bontemps S. Formaldehyde as a Promising C1 Source: The Instrumental Role of Biocatalysis for Stereocontrolled Reactions. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Desmons
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Régis Fauré
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France
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4
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Simon G, Eljezi T, Legeret B, Charmantray F, Castillo JA, Guérard-Hélaine C, Lemaire M, Bouzon M, Marlière P, Hélaine V, Hecquet L. Synthesis of Specially Designed Probes to Broaden Transketolase Scope. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201200479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Labbé G, de Groot S, Rasmusson T, Milojevic G, Dmitrienko GI, Guillemette JG. Evaluation of four microbial Class II fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase enzymes for use as biocatalysts. Protein Expr Purif 2011; 80:224-33. [PMID: 21763425 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2011.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) aldolase has been used as biocatalyst in the synthesis of several pharmaceutical compounds such as monosaccharides and analogs. Is has been suggested that microbial metal-dependant Class II aldolases could be better industrial catalysts than mammalian Class I enzyme because of their greater stability. The Class II aldolases from four microbes were subcloned into the Escherichia coli vector pT7-7, expressed and purified to near homogeneity. The kinetic parameters, temperature stability, pH profile, and tolerance to organic solvents of the Class II enzymes were determined, and compared with the properties of the Class I aldolase from rabbit muscle. Contrary to results obtained previously with the E. coli Class II aldolase, which was reported to be more stable than the mammalian enzyme, other recombinant Class II aldolases were found to be generally less stable than the Class I enzyme, especially in the presence of organic solvents. Class II aldolase from Bacillus cereus showed higher temperature stability than the other enzymes tested, but only the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Class II aldolase had a stability comparable to the Class I mammalian enzyme under assay conditions. The turnover number of the recombinant M. tuberculosis and Magnaporthe grisea Class II type A aldolases was comparable or higher than that of the Class I enzyme. The recombinant B. cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Class II type B aldolases had very low turnover numbers and low metal content, indicating that the E. coli overexpression system may not be suitable for the Class II type B aldolases from these microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Labbé
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada
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Samland AK, Rale M, Sprenger GA, Fessner WD. The transaldolase family: new synthetic opportunities from an ancient enzyme scaffold. Chembiochem 2011; 12:1454-74. [PMID: 21574238 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Aldol reactions constitute a powerful methodology for carbon-carbon bond formation in synthetic organic chemistry. Biocatalytic carboligation by aldolases offers a green, uniquely regio- and stereoselective tool with which to perform these transformations. Recent advances in the field, fueled by both discovery and protein engineering, have greatly improved the synthetic opportunities for the atom-economic asymmetric synthesis of chiral molecules with potential pharmaceutical relevance. New aldolases derived from the transaldolase scaffold (based on transaldolase B and fructose-6-phosphate aldolase from Escherichia coli) have been shown to be unusually flexible in their substrate scope; this makes them particularly valuable for addressing an expanded molecular range of complex polyfunctional targets. Extensive knowledge arising from structural and molecular biochemical studies makes it possible to address the remaining limitations of the methodology by engineering tailored biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Samland
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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7
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Garrabou X, Joglar J, Parella T, Crehuet R, Bujons J, Clapés P. Redesign of the Phosphate Binding Site of L-Rhamnulose- 1-Phosphate Aldolase towards a Dihydroxyacetone Dependent Aldolase. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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8
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Garrabou X, Calveras J, Joglar J, Parella T, Bujons J, Clapés P. Highly efficient aldol additions of DHA and DHAP to N-Cbz-amino aldehydes catalyzed by l-rhamnulose-1-phosphate and l-fuculose-1-phosphate aldolases in aqueous borate buffer. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:8430-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06263h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Iturrate L, Sánchez-Moreno I, Oroz-Guinea I, Pérez-Gil J, García-Junceda E. Preparation and Characterization of a Bifunctional Aldolase/Kinase Enzyme: A More Efficient Biocatalyst for CC Bond Formation. Chemistry 2010; 16:4018-30. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Fryszkowska A, Toogood H, Sakuma M, Gardiner JM, Stephens GM, Scrutton NS. Asymmetric Reduction of Activated Alkenes by Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Reductase: Specificity and Control of Stereochemical Outcome by Reaction Optimisation. Adv Synth Catal 2009; 351:2976-2990. [PMID: 20396613 PMCID: PMC2854813 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We show that pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase (PETNR), a member of the 'ene' reductase old yellow enzyme family, catalyses the asymmetric reduction of a variety of industrially relevant activated alpha,beta-unsaturated alkenes including enones, enals, maleimides and nitroalkenes. We have rationalised the broad substrate specificity and stereochemical outcome of these reductions by reference to molecular models of enzyme-substrate complexes based on the crystal complex of the PETNR with 2-cyclohexenone 4a. The optical purity of products is variable (49-99% ee), depending on the substrate type and nature of substituents. Generally, high enantioselectivity was observed for reaction products with stereogenic centres at Cbeta (>99% ee). However, for the substrates existing in two isomeric forms (e.g., citral 11a or nitroalkenes 18-19a), an enantiodivergent course of the reduction of E/Z-forms may lead to lower enantiopurities of the products. We also demonstrate that the poor optical purity obtained for products with stereogenic centres at Calpha is due to non-enzymatic racemisation. In reactions with ketoisophorone 3a we show that product racemisation is prevented through reaction optimisation, specifically by shortening reaction time and through control of solution pH. We suggest this as a general strategy for improved recovery of optically pure products with other biocatalytic conversions where there is potential for product racemisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fryszkowska
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Helen Toogood
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Michiyo Sakuma
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - John M. Gardiner
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Gill M. Stephens
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Nigel S. Scrutton
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
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11
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van Herk T, Hartog AF, Babich L, Schoemaker HE, Wever R. Improvement of an Acid Phosphatase/DHAP-Dependent Aldolase Cascade Reaction by Using Directed Evolution. Chembiochem 2009; 10:2230-5. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Iturrate L, Sánchez-Moreno I, Doyagüez EG, García-Junceda E. Substrate channelling in an engineered bifunctional aldolase/kinase enzyme confers catalytic advantage for C-C bond formation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:1721-3. [PMID: 19294274 DOI: 10.1039/b822345a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new bifunctional enzyme that displays both aldolase and kinase activities has been designed and successfully used in the synthesis of aldol adducts, employing DHA as initial donor, with an increase in the reaction rate of 20-fold over the parent enzymes, which can be interpreted in terms of substrate channelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Iturrate
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Biológica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain
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Suau T, Álvaro G, Benaiges MD, López-Santín J. Kinetic modelling of aldolase-catalyzed addition between dihydroxyacetone phosphate and (S)-alaninal. Biochem Eng J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Dean S, Greenberg W, Wong CH. Recent Advances in Aldolase-Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200700115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Sugiyama M, Hong Z, Whalen L, Greenberg W, Wong CH. Borate as a Phosphate Ester Mimic in Aldolase-Catalyzed Reactions: Practical Synthesis ofL-Fructose andL-Iminocyclitols. Adv Synth Catal 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200600356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Enders D, Voith M, Lenzen A. The Dihydroxyacetone Unit?A Versatile C3 Building Block in Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:1304-25. [PMID: 15651077 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200400659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nature employs dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) as the donor component in various enzyme-catalyzed aldol reactions. Probably the most significant example in this regard is photosynthesis, in which D-glucose, the most widespread natural product, is formed in just a few steps from DHAP. In recent years a number of synthetic equivalents of DHAP have been reported that deserve particular attention, as their applicability in organic synthesis is not limited to (stereoselective) aldol reactions. The power of these reagents has also been demonstrated convincingly in numerous other asymmetric electrophilic alpha-substitution reactions in target-oriented syntheses. Furthermore, the related 1,3-dioxins are useful equivalents of 2-substituted acrolein derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Enders
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Professor-Pirlet-Strasse 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Espelt L, Bujons J, Parella T, Calveras J, Joglar J, Delgado A, Clapés P. Aldol Additions of Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate toN-Cbz-Amino Aldehydes Catalyzed byL-Fuculose-1-Phosphate Aldolase in Emulsion Systems: Inversion of Stereoselectivity as a Function of the Acceptor Aldehyde. Chemistry 2005; 11:1392-401. [PMID: 15669071 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200400648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The potential of L-fuculose-1-phosphate aldolase (FucA) as a catalyst for the asymmetric aldol addition of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) to N-protected amino aldehydes has been investigated. First, the reaction was studied in both emulsion systems and conventional dimethylformamide (DMF)/H2O (1:4 v/v) mixtures. At 100 mM DHAP, compared with the reactions in the DMF/H2O (1:4) mixture, the use of emulsion systems led to two- to three-fold improvements in the conversions of the FucA-catalyzed reactions. The N-protected aminopolyols thus obtained were converted to iminocyclitols by reductive amination with Pd/C. This reaction was highly diastereoselective with the exception of the reaction of the aldol adduct formed from (S)-N-Cbz-alaninal, which gave a 55:45 mixture of both epimers. From the stereochemical analysis of the resulting iminocyclitols, it was concluded that the stereoselectivity of the FucA-catalyzed reaction depended upon the structure of the N-Cbz-amino aldehyde acceptor. Whereas the enzymatic aldol reaction with both enantiomers of N-Cbz-alaninal exclusively gave the expected 3R,4R configuration, the stereochemistry at the C-4 position of the major aldol adducts produced in the reactions with N-Cbz-glycinal and N-Cbz-3-aminopropanal was inverted to the 3R,4S configuration. The study of the FucA-catalyzed addition of DHAP to phenylacetaldehyde and benzyloxyacetaldehyde revealed that the 4R product was kinetically favored, but rapidly disappeared in favor of the 4S diastereoisomer. Computational models were generated for the situations before and after C-C bond formation in the active site of FucA. Moreover, the lowest-energy conformations of each pair of the resulting epimeric adducts were determined. The data show that the products with a 3R,4S configuration were thermodynamically more stable and, therefore, the major products formed, in agreement with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Espelt
- Institute for Chemical & Environmental Research-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034-Barcelona, Spain
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Enders D, Voith M, Lenzen A. Die Dihydroxyaceton-Einheit - ein nützlicher C3-Baustein in der Organischen Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200400659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Izard T, Sygusch J. Induced fit movements and metal cofactor selectivity of class II aldolases: structure of Thermus aquaticus fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase. J Biol Chem 2003; 279:11825-33. [PMID: 14699122 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m311375200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) aldolase is an essential glycolytic enzyme that reversibly cleaves its ketohexose substrate into triose phosphates. Here we report the crystal structure of a metallo-dependent or class II FBP aldolase from an extreme thermophile, Thermus aquaticus (Taq). The quaternary structure reveals a tetramer composed of two dimers related by a 2-fold axis. Taq FBP aldolase subunits exhibit two distinct conformational states corresponding to loop regions that are in either open or closed position with respect to the active site. Loop closure remodels the disposition of chelating active site histidine residues. In subunits corresponding to the open conformation, the metal cofactor, Co(2+), is sequestered in the active site, whereas for subunits in the closed conformation, the metal cation exchanges between two mutually exclusive binding loci, corresponding to a site at the active site surface and an interior site vicinal to the metal-binding site in the open conformation. Cofactor site exchange is mediated by rotations of the chelating histidine side chains that are coupled to the prior conformational change of loop closure. Sulfate anions are consistent with the location of the phosphate-binding sites of the FBP substrate and determine not only the previously unknown second phosphate-binding site but also provide a mechanism that regulates loop closure during catalysis. Modeling of FBP substrate into the active site is consistent with binding by the acyclic keto form, a minor solution species, and with the metal cofactor mediating keto bond polarization. The Taq FBP aldolase structure suggests a structural basis for different metal cofactor specificity than in Escherichia coli FBP aldolase structures, and we discuss its potential role during catalysis. Comparison with the E. coli structure also indicates a structural basis for thermostability by Taq FBP aldolase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Izard
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38111, USA
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Abstract
Most research on carbon-carbon coupling biocatalysts is still carried out on aldolases and ketolases from carbohydrate metabolism; the emphasis of these studies is on the synthesis of optically active compounds. A major target is to avoid expensive starting materials and to broaden the range of possible products. Protein engineering provides the basis not only for significant improvements of known catalysts, but also for the de novo development of new enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Breuer
- Fine Chemicals and Biocatalysis Research, GVF/E - A030, D-67056, FR, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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21
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Hall DR, Bond CS, Leonard GA, Watt CI, Berry A, Hunter WN. Structure of tagatose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase. Insight into chiral discrimination, mechanism, and specificity of class II aldolases. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:22018-24. [PMID: 11940603 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m202464200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tagatose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (TBPA) is a tetrameric class II aldolase that catalyzes the reversible condensation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to produce tagatose 1,6-bisphosphate. The high resolution (1.45 A) crystal structure of the Escherichia coli enzyme, encoded by the agaY gene, complexed with phosphoglycolohydroxamate (PGH) has been determined. Two subunits comprise the asymmetric unit, and a crystallographic 2-fold axis generates the functional tetramer. A complex network of hydrogen bonds position side chains in the active site that is occupied by two cations. An unusual Na+ binding site is created using a pi interaction with Tyr183 in addition to five oxygen ligands. The catalytic Zn2+ is five-coordinate using three histidine nitrogens and two PGH oxygens. Comparisons of TBPA with the related fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBPA) identifies common features with implications for the mechanism. Because the major product of the condensation catalyzed by the enzymes differs in the chirality at a single position, models of FBPA and TBPA with their cognate bisphosphate products provide insight into chiral discrimination by these aldolases. The TBPA active site is more open on one side than FBPA, and this contributes to a less specific enzyme. The availability of more space and a wider range of aldehyde partners used by TBPA together with the highly specific nature of FBPA suggest that TBPA might be a preferred enzyme to modify for use in biotransformation chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Hall
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
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Fessner WD, Helaine V. Biocatalytic synthesis of hydroxylated natural products using aldolases and related enzymes. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2001; 12:574-86. [PMID: 11849940 DOI: 10.1016/s0958-1669(01)00265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic building blocks bearing hydroxylated chiral centers are important targets for biocatalysis. Many C-C bond forming enzymes have recently been investigated for new applications and new strategies towards the synthesis of natural products and related oxygenated compounds. Several old catalysts have been studied to increase our functional knowledge of natural aldolase-type enzymes, and new mutated catalysts or catalytic antibodies have been tested for their synthetic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Fessner
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Darmstadt University of Technology, Petersenstrasse 22, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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