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Zubenko AD, Fedorova OA. Aromatic and heteroaromatic azacrown compounds: advantages and disadvantages of rigid macrocyclic ligands. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Current approaches to the synthesis of aromatic and heteroaromatic azamacrocycles and their derivatives are summarized and systematized. The relationship between the structure of azacrown compounds and their complexation behaviour towards metal cations is analyzed. The diversity of practical applications of azamacrocyclic derivatives in medicine, biology and analytical and organic chemistry, as well as for the design of molecular devices is demonstrated.
The bibliography includes 307 references.
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2
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Bayιr ZA, Hamuryudan E, Bekaroğlu Ö. Synthesis and Characterization of Phthalocyanines Containing Four 11-Membered Triaza Macrocycles. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/174751989902301209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
New metallophthalocyanines (M = Cu, Zn, Ni or Co) substituted in peripheral positions with four 11-membered triaza macrocycles are prepared from 1,4,7-tris( p-tolylsulfonyl)-1,4,7-triazaheptane and 1,2-dibromo-4,5-bis(bromomethyl)benzene or the corresponding anhydrous metal salt [CuCN, Zn(02CMe)2, NiCl2 or CoCI2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Altuntaş Bayιr
- Technical University of Istanbul, Department of Chemistry, 80626, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esin Hamuryudan
- Technical University of Istanbul, Department of Chemistry, 80626, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özer Bekaroğlu
- Technical University of Istanbul, Department of Chemistry, 80626, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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3
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Ali R, Anugu S, Chawla R, Demillo VG, Goulinet-Mateo F, Gyawali S, Hamal S, Jones DE, Lamprecht K, Le T, Lumangtad LA, Pflug NC, Sama A, Scarbrough ED, Bell TW. Tsuji-Trost Cyclization of Disulfonamides: Synthesis of 12-Membered, 11-Membered, and Pyridine-Fused Macrocyclic Triamines. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:1254-1264. [PMID: 30729225 PMCID: PMC6356871 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic triamine disulfonamides can be synthesized by double Tsuji-Trost N-allylation reaction of open-chain disulfonamides with 2-alkylidene-1,3-propanediyl bis(carbonates). The previously used Atkins-Richman macrocyclization method generally gives lower yields and requires more tedious purification of the product. Solvent, palladium source, ligand, and concentration have all been varied to optimize the yields of two key 12-membered ring bioactive compounds, CADA and VGD020. The new approach tolerates a wide range of functional groups and gives highest yields for symmetrical compounds in which the acidities of the two sulfonamide groups are matched, although the yields of unsymmetrical compounds are still generally good. The method has also been extended to the synthesis of 11-membered rings, pyridine-fused macrocycles, and products bearing an ester or aryl substituent on the exocyclic double bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameez Ali
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Life Sciences and Bioengineering Center, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 60 Prescott Way, Worcester, Massachusetts 01606, United States
| | - Sreenivasa Anugu
- Lab
3J, GVK Biosciences Private Limited, Survey No. 125, 126, IDA Mallapur, Hyderabad 500 076, India
| | - Reena Chawla
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
- BIO5
Institute, Thomas W. Keating Bioresearch Building, University of Arizona, 1657 E. Helen Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United
States
| | - Violeta G. Demillo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | | | - Sagar Gyawali
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Sunil Hamal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Dylan E. Jones
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Katrin Lamprecht
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Truc Le
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Liezel A. Lumangtad
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
- Nanosyn, 3100 Central Expressway, Santa Clara, California 95051, United States
| | - Nicholas C. Pflug
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
- Institute
of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse
16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alekhya Sama
- Eliassen
Group, Inc., Biometrics, 20 Ellison Road, Somerset, New Jersey 08873, United States
| | - Emily D. Scarbrough
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Thomas W. Bell
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
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4
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Rieger E, Gleede T, Manhart A, Lamla M, Wurm FR. Microwave-Assisted Desulfonylation of Polysulfonamides toward Polypropylenimine. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:598-603. [PMID: 35632962 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Linear polyethylenimine (L-PEI) has been the gold standard for gene delivery and is typically prepared by hydrolysis from poly(2-oxazoline)s. Recently, also the anionic polymerization of activated aziridines was reported as a potential pathway toward linear and well-defined polyamines. However, only sulfonamide-activated aziridines so far undergo the living anionic polymerization and their desulfonylation was only reported scarcely. This is mainly due to the relatively high stability of the sulfonamides and the drastic change in solubility during the desulfonylation. Herein, we investigated the desulfonylation of such poly(aziridine)s prepared from tosylated or mesylated propyleneimine to afford linear polypropylenimine (L-PPI) as an alternative to L-PEI. Different desulfonylation strategies for tosylated (Ts) and mesylated (Ms) PPI were studied. The reductive cleavage of the sulfonamide with sodium bis(2-methoxy ethoxy) aluminum hydride yielded 80% of deprotected amine groups. Quantitative conversion to L-PPI was obtained, when the tosylated PPI was hydrolyzed under acidic conditions with pTsOH under microwave (MW) irradiation. The same treatment removed 90% of the mesyl groups from the mesylated PPI analog. The MW-assisted acidic hydrolysis represents a fast, inexpensive and easy approach in comparison to other methods, where complex reaction conditions and tedious purifications are major drawbacks, however some chain scission may occur. The high purity of the obtained products, in combination with the versatility of the activated aziridine chemistry, demonstrate many advantages of our strategy, especially for future biomedical implementations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Rieger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tassilo Gleede
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Angelika Manhart
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Lamla
- Institute for Organic Chemistry III/Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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5
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Maheshwaran D, Priyanga S, Mayilmurugan R. Copper(ii)-benzimidazole complexes as efficient fluorescent probes forl-cysteine in water. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:11408-11417. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01895a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Copper(ii)-benzimidazole complexes could detectl-cysteine over other natural amino acids at pH 7.34 by a ‘turn-on’ fluorescence mechanismviathe reduction of Cu(ii) to Cu(i) followed by displacement with excellent selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duraiyarasu Maheshwaran
- Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory/Physical Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai 625 021
- India
| | - Selvarasu Priyanga
- Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory/Physical Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai 625 021
- India
| | - Ramasamy Mayilmurugan
- Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory/Physical Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai 625 021
- India
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6
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Bím D, Svobodová E, Eigner V, Rulíšek L, Hodačová J. Copper(II) and Zinc(II) Complexes of Conformationally Constrained Polyazamacrocycles as Efficient Catalysts for RNA Model Substrate Cleavage in Aqueous Solution at Physiological pH. Chemistry 2016; 22:10426-37. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bím
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Chemistry and Technology; Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic), Fax: (+420) 220-444-288
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; v.v.i. and Gilead Sciences Research Center, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Flemingovo náměstí 2 166 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Eva Svobodová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Chemistry and Technology; Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic), Fax: (+420) 220-444-288
| | - Václav Eigner
- Department of Solid State Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Chemistry and Technology; Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Rulíšek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; v.v.i. and Gilead Sciences Research Center, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Flemingovo náměstí 2 166 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hodačová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Chemistry and Technology; Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic), Fax: (+420) 220-444-288
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7
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Martí-Centelles V, Pandey MD, Burguete MI, Luis SV. Macrocyclization Reactions: The Importance of Conformational, Configurational, and Template-Induced Preorganization. Chem Rev 2015; 115:8736-834. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mrituanjay D. Pandey
- Departament de Química
Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Burguete
- Departament de Química
Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Santiago V. Luis
- Departament de Química
Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
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8
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James Ratnakar S, Arockia Samy N, Alexander V. A new potential contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging: Synthesis and relaxivity studies of a gadolinium(III) complex of glucose-6-phosphate conjugated 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid. Polyhedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2012.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Ajayi K, Thakur VV, Lapo RC, Knapp S. Intramolecular alpha-glucosaminidation: synthesis of mycothiol. Org Lett 2010; 12:2630-3. [PMID: 20443569 DOI: 10.1021/ol1008334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A protected cyclitol aglycon was tethered to an (N-arylsulfonyl)glucosamine donor by a methylene linker; the exclusively alpha-selective intramolecular glycosylation reaction was then initiated by electrophilic activation of the thioglycoside donor portion. Further transformations of the glycosylation product to give the M. tuberculosis detoxifier mycothiol and its oxidized congener, the disulfide mycothione, are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Ajayi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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10
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Senboku H, Nakahara K, Fukuhara T, Hara S. Hg cathode-free electrochemical detosylation of N,N-disubstituted p-toluenesulfonamides: mild, efficient, and selective removal of N-tosyl group. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Liu Y, Shen L, Prashad M, Tibbatts J, Repič O, Blacklock TJ. A Green N-Detosylation of Indoles and Related Heterocycles Using Phase Transfer Catalysis. Org Process Res Dev 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/op700274v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yugang Liu
- Process Research & Development, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, U.S.A
| | - Lichun Shen
- Process Research & Development, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, U.S.A
| | - Mahavir Prashad
- Process Research & Development, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, U.S.A
| | - Jessica Tibbatts
- Process Research & Development, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, U.S.A
| | - Oljan Repič
- Process Research & Development, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, U.S.A
| | - Thomas J. Blacklock
- Process Research & Development, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, U.S.A
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12
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Yang PP, Feng L, Gu W, Liu X, Yan SP. Synthesis, crystal structure and properties of a 1D copper(II) complex with 1,5,9-triazacyclododecane bridged by p -benzenebicarboxylate. J COORD CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00958970701371359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Yang
- a Department of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Feng
- b Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Gu
- a Department of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- a Department of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Ping Yan
- a Department of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
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13
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Kantekin H, Dilber G, Bıyıklıoğlu Z. A new polymeric phthalocyanine containing 16-membered tetrathia macrocyclic moieties by microwave irradiation: Synthesis and characterization. J Organomet Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Chen GJ, Ouyang Y, Yan SP, Liu X, Liao DZ, Gu W. Magnetic property of a 1D triazacycloalkanes Ni(II) with chiral helical structure complex {[Ni[12]aneN3](μN,S-SCN)(SCN)}n. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2007.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Vellemäe E, Lebedev O, Mäeorg U. A mild method for cleavage of N-Tos protected amines using mischmetal and TiCl4. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.12.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Stones G, Tripoli R, McDavid CL, Roux-Duplâtre K, Kennedy AR, Sherrington DC, Gibson CL. Investigation of macrocyclisation routes to 1,4,7-triazacyclononanes: efficient syntheses from 1,2-ditosylamides. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:374-84. [DOI: 10.1039/b716938h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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17
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Bunce RA, Allison JC. N-(4-methylbenzenesulfonyl)- pyrrolidines and piperidines by a tandem SN2-michael addition reaction. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919908086214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Bunce
- a Department of Chemistry , Oklahoma State University Stillwater , Oklahoma , 74078-3071
| | - Jeffrey C. Allison
- a Department of Chemistry , Oklahoma State University Stillwater , Oklahoma , 74078-3071
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18
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Bilgin A, Yağcı Ç, Mendi A, Yıldız U. Synthesis and characterization of new polymeric phthalocyanines substituted with diaza-18-crown-6 macrocycles through ethyleneoxy bridges. Polyhedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2006.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Jebasingh B, Alexander V. Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 1,4,7,10‐Tetraazacyclododecane. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/15459620500408850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Jebasingh
- a Department of Chemistry , Loyola College , Chennai, India
| | - V. Alexander
- a Department of Chemistry , Loyola College , Chennai, India
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20
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Abstract
An asymmetric formal synthesis of fasicularin (1) is described. This natural product, isolated from the extracts of the marine invertebrate Nephteis fasicularis, has shown modest cytotoxicity towards Vero cells. Fasicularin is among only two members of the cylindricine family of natural products, along with lepadiformine (2), to possess a trans A-B ring junction. Key steps of this approach to 1 involve a siloxy-epoxide semipinacol rearrangement of 5 to 6, a B-alkyl Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction by using enol trifluoromethanesulfonate 19 and a substrate-directed hydrogenation reaction of 24. This formal synthesis also highlights the difficulty in the incorporation of the thiocyanate functionality present in 1.
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21
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Bilgin A, Yağcı Ç, Yıldız U. Novel Network Polymeric Phthalocyanines: Synthesis and Characterization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200500341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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23
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Ratnakar SJ, Alexander V. Synthesis and Relaxivity Studies of a Gadolinium(III) Complex of ATP-Conjugated DO3A as a Contrast Enhancing Agent for MRI. Eur J Inorg Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200401018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Ostrowicki A, Koepp E, Vögtle F. The “cesium effect”: Syntheses of medio- and macrocyclic compounds. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-54348-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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25
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Bell TW, Choi HJ, Harte W, Drew MGB. Syntheses, conformations, and basicities of bicyclic triamines. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 125:12196-210. [PMID: 14519005 DOI: 10.1021/ja030236d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The multistep syntheses of several bicyclic triamines are described, all of which have an imbedded 1,5,9-triazacyclododecane ring. In 1,5,9-triazabicyclo[7.3.3]pentadecanes 12, 13, 15, and 16, two nitrogens are bridged by three carbons. The monoprotonated forms of these triamines are highly stabilized by a hydrogen-bonded network involving the bridge and both bridgehead nitrogens, producing a difference of more than 8 pK(a) units in acidities of their monoprotonated and diprotonated forms. The one- and zero-carbon bridges in 1,5,9-triazabicyclo[9.1.1]tridecane (23) and 7-methyl-1,5,9-triazabicyclo[5.5.0]dodecane (39) do not enhance the stabilities of their monoprotonated forms. X-ray crystal structures and computational studies of 12.HI and 16.HI reveal similar, but somewhat weaker, hydrogen-bonded networks, relative to 15.HI. The activation free energies for conformational inversion of 13.HI (14.4 +/- 0.2 kcal/mol), 16.HI (15.0 +/- 0.1 kcal/mol) and 16 (8.8 +/- 0.3 kcal/mol) were measured by variable-temperature (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. These experimental barriers give an estimate of 6.2 kcal/mol for the strength of the bifurcated hydrogen bond between the bridge nitrogen and cavity proton in 16.HI. Computational studies support the hypothesis that N-inversion occurs in an open conformation, leading to an estimate of 10.32 kcal/mol for the enthalpy of the bifurcated hydrogen bond in 16.HI in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Bell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0020, USA.
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26
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Parker LL, Gowans ND, Jones SW, Robins DJ. A practical method for building linear and cyclic triamines from (2-trimethylsilyl)ethanesulfonamides (SES-amides). Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2003.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Gu W, Bian HD, Xu JY, Liu ZQ, Cheng P, Yan SP, Liao DZ, Jiang ZH. A new μ1,5-dicyanamide bridged cyclic tetranuclear copper (II) complex with 1,5,9-triazacycledodecane ligands: structure, ESR spectroscopic and magnetic properties. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1387-7003(03)00144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Bienz S, Detterbeck R, Ensch C, Guggisberg A, Häusermann U, Meisterhans C, Wendt B, Werner C, Hesse M. Putrescine, spermidine, spermine, and related polyamine alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2003; 58:83-338. [PMID: 12534249 DOI: 10.1016/s0099-9598(02)58003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bienz
- Organisch-chemisches Institut, Universität Zürich 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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29
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Yang W, Giandomenico CM, Sartori M, Moore DA. Facile N-1 protection of cyclam, cyclen and 1,4,7-triazacyclononane. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)00338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Buschmann N, Rückert A, Blechert S. A new approach to (-)-swainsonine by ruthenium-catalyzed ring rearrangement. J Org Chem 2002; 67:4325-9. [PMID: 12054970 DOI: 10.1021/jo025589u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new enantioselective synthesis of the idolizidine alkaloid (-)-swainsonine 1 in 40% overall yield starting from the known oxazolidinone 6 is described. Throughout the synthesis, the high efficiency of metal-catalyzed reactions is illustrated. The key step is a new ruthenium-catalyzed metathesis rearrangement reaction. In this ring-closing/ring-opening tandem process, stereocenters are transferred from a ring to the olefinic side chain of the formed heterocycle. The metathesis precursor was obtained by palladium-catalyzed desymmetrization of cyclopentenediol. The synthesis was completed by functionalization of the terminal double bond, cyclization of the second ring, and diastereoselective dihydroxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Buschmann
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Germany
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Athey PS, Kiefer GE. A new, facile synthesis of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane: cyclen. J Org Chem 2002; 67:4081-5. [PMID: 12054941 DOI: 10.1021/jo016111d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This report outlines a new and efficient synthesis of cyclen (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 1) utilizing bis-imidazoline, 6 (1,1'-ethylenedi-2-imidazoline), with 1,2-dibromoethane. General conditions were developed, allowing for the simple, three-step synthesis of 1 at the multigram scale with an isolated overall yield approaching 65%. The cyclization of 6 produced by the condensation of triethylene tetraamine (TETA) with N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal, gave the twelve-membered, imidazolinium, cyclized intermediate bromide salt, 7 (2,3,4,5,6,7,8,8c-octahydro-1H-4a,6a,8a-triaza-2a-azoniacyclopent[fg]acenaphthylene), which hydrolyzed to 1 with the use of hot, aqueous caustic. Hydrolysis of 7 under milder conditions formed the 1,4,7,10-tetraazabicyclo[8.2.1]tridecan-13-one (20). Mechanistically, the formation of 7 may be rationalized as involving a diaminocarbene that undergoes an intramolecular carbon-hydrogen insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip S Athey
- The Dow Chemical Company, 2301 N. Brazosport Blvd., B-1222 Freeport, Texas 77541-3257, USA.
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Skerlj RT, Zhou Y, Wilson T, Bridger GJ. Palladium(0)-catalyzed coupling of organozinc iodide reagents with bromopyridines: synthesis of selectively protected pyridine-containing azamacrocycles. J Org Chem 2002; 67:1407-10. [PMID: 11846698 DOI: 10.1021/jo0109523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of azamacrocycles in which the ring nitrogens are regioselectively functionalized is described. An organozinc palladium(0)-catalyzed coupling with an appropriately functionalized bromopyridine generated a key intermediate, which was transformed in two steps to a desired precursor and subjected to an intramolecular N-alkylation to effect a macrocyclization affording selectively protected azamacrocycles 1-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato T Skerlj
- AnorMED, Inc., #200-20353 64th Avenue, Langley, British Columbia, Canada V2Y 1N5.
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33
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Ballini R, Bosica G, Masè A, Petrini M. Synthesis of (E)-3-Alkylidenepyrrolidines by Nucleophilic Ring Closure of (E)-2-Alkylidene-1,4-diol Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0690(200008)2000:16<2927::aid-ejoc2927>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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34
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Kovacs Z, Archer EA, Russell MK, Sherry AD. A Convenient Synthesis of 1,4,7,10,13-Pentaazacyclopentadecane. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919908086449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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35
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36
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Bridger GJ, Skerlj RT. Bicyclam derivatives as HIV inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1075-8593(99)80007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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37
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Geraldes CF, Marques MPM, Sherry AD. NMR conformational study of diamagnetic complexes of some triazatriacetate macrocycles. Inorganica Chim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(97)06004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Burguete MI, Escuder B, Frías JC, García-España E, Luis SV, Miravet JF. Guest-Induced Selective Functionalization of Polyaza[n]paracyclophanes. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo971329e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Isabel Burguete
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, E.S.T.C.E., University Jaume I, E-12080 Castellón, Spain, and Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Beatriu Escuder
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, E.S.T.C.E., University Jaume I, E-12080 Castellón, Spain, and Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Juan C. Frías
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, E.S.T.C.E., University Jaume I, E-12080 Castellón, Spain, and Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Enrique García-España
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, E.S.T.C.E., University Jaume I, E-12080 Castellón, Spain, and Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Santiago V. Luis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, E.S.T.C.E., University Jaume I, E-12080 Castellón, Spain, and Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Juan F. Miravet
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, E.S.T.C.E., University Jaume I, E-12080 Castellón, Spain, and Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
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Trabaud C, Dessolin J, Camplo M, Kraus LJ. Synthesis of New Tetrakis N-Substituted Tetra-Azamacrocycles. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1998. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919808005724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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40
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Chiral azacrown ethers derived from D-glucose as catalysts for enantioselective Michael addition. Tetrahedron Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)01686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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41
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Altava B, Isabel Burguete M, Escuder B, Luis SV, García-España E, Carmen Muñoz M. Pertosylated polyaza[n](9,10)anthracenophanes. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(96)01154-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Krakowiak KE, Yi G, Bradshaw JS. Preparation of triazamacrocycles containing only secondary amine functions using both tosyl and boc protecting groups. J Heterocycl Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570330672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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43
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Mishra AK, Draillard K, Faivre-Chauvet A, Gestin JF, Curtet C, Chatal JF. A convenient, novel approach for the synthesis of polyaza macrocyclic bifunctional chelating agents. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)01727-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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44
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Yilmaz I, Bekaro??lu Ö. Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Phthalocyanines with Four 16-Membered Diazadithia Macrocycles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19961290815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary R. Weisman
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3598
| | - David P. Reed
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3598
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47
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Lázár I. Rapid and High Yield Detosylation of Linear and Macrocyclic p-Toluenesulfonamides. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919508015469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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48
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Meunier I, Mishra A, Hanquet B, Guilard R, Cocolios P. Synthesis and characterization of various unsubstituted and mono-N-substituted tetraazamacrocycles. CAN J CHEM 1995. [DOI: 10.1139/v95-087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Syntheses of tetraazamacrocycles have been carried out by using p-toluenesulfonyl chloride as protective group. The [14(ane) N4] and [15(ane) N4] were also obtained by the template synthesis. Mono-N-functionalization of tetraazamacrocycles was accomplished by reaction of a fivefold excess of the free macrocycles with 1 equivalent of a suitable alkylating or arylating reagent. The key point of the synthesis lies in the use of an excess of the macrocycle over the substituting reactants to reduce the formation of polysubstituted derivatives, and in the easy separation of the excess of unreacted macrocycle. All the products were characterized on the basis of spectral studies (1H and l3C NMR, including 2D NMR and NOE difference studies) and mass spectrometry. Keywords: tetraazamacrocycles, improved synthesis, protective group, N-tosylation, template synthesis, NOE difference spectroscopy.
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Koçak M, Güek A, Gül A, Bekaro??lu Ö. Synthesis and Characterization of Phthalocyanines Containing Four 14-Membered Tetraaza Macrocycles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19941270212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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50
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Koçak M, Okur AI, Bekaroglu Ö. Novel two-fold-macrocycle-substituted phthalocyanines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1039/dt9940000323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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