1
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Peng C, Gao Y, Wang P, Zhao Y, Chapagain B, Wang Y, Liu W, Yang Y. Theoretical Exploration of Copper-Catalyzed Mechanisms of Cope-Type Hydroamination of Cyclopropene and Oxime. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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2
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Mohajer F, Ziarani GM, Moradi R. The Study of Several Synthesis Methods of Indolizidine (±)-209I and (±)-209B as Natural Alkaloids. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824666200226113022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have received much attention due to their importance and
application. Indolizidine, categorized as an alkaloid, has several biological activities. The
synthesis of natural compounds such as indolizidines has attracted much attention from
many chemists’ and researchers’ perspectives. There are many areas to be explored in
this subject; that is why synthesizing indolizidine 209I and (±)-indolizidine 209B as
natural compounds have received much consideration. This review discloses the procedures
and methodology to provide (±)-indolizidine 209I and 209B due to the importance
of indolizidines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Razieh Moradi
- Department of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Zhang M, Liu S, Li H, Guo Y, Li N, Guan M, Mehfooz H, Zhao J, Zhang Q. Copper‐Catalyzed Cope‐Type Hydroamination of Nonactivated Olefins toward Cyclic Nitrones: Scope, Mechanism, and Enantioselective Process Development. Chemistry 2019; 25:12620-12627. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecule Synthesis of Jilin ProvinceDepartment of ChemistryNortheast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecule Synthesis of Jilin ProvinceDepartment of ChemistryNortheast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Hexin Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecule Synthesis of Jilin ProvinceDepartment of ChemistryNortheast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Yajing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecule Synthesis of Jilin ProvinceDepartment of ChemistryNortheast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecule Synthesis of Jilin ProvinceDepartment of ChemistryNortheast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Meihui Guan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecule Synthesis of Jilin ProvinceDepartment of ChemistryNortheast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Haroon Mehfooz
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecule Synthesis of Jilin ProvinceDepartment of ChemistryNortheast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Jinbo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecule Synthesis of Jilin ProvinceDepartment of ChemistryNortheast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecule Synthesis of Jilin ProvinceDepartment of ChemistryNortheast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
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4
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Jimoh AA, Hosseyni S, Ye X, Wojtas L, Hu Y, Shi X. Gold redox catalysis for cyclization/arylation of allylic oximes: synthesis of isoxazoline derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8150-8153. [PMID: 31241086 PMCID: PMC6641983 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02830g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Base-assisted diazonium activation has been employed to promote gold(i)/(iii) redox catalysis toward allylic oxime cyclization/aryl coupling. Functional isoxazolines were prepared with good to excellent yields, while the alternative photoactivation method provided trace amounts of the isoxazoline products. This study further broadens the scope of gold redox chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiola Azeez Jimoh
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
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5
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Indu S, Kaliappan KP. A new and informative [a,b,c,d] nomenclature for one-pot multistep transformations: a simple tool to measure synthetic efficiency. RSC Adv 2018; 8:21292-21305. [PMID: 35557999 PMCID: PMC9088519 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03338b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Domino, cascade and tandem reactions constitute the most efficient and creative chemical transformations with a huge domain of synthetic utility and applications. A number of reactions may be achieved in a single pot, accompanied by the formation of new rings and new bonds, leading towards higher molecular complexity. A lack of one unified, yet informative descriptor often understates the synthetic ingenuity of certain highly creative transformations. In this review, we propose a new tetra-coordinated [a,b,c,d] nomenclature which takes into account and displays the basic parameters which generally indicate the level of efficiency of a chemical transformation. An almost exhaustive set of one-pot multistep reactions may be described by this system and this review is an attempt to display the one-pot multistep transformations reported from our group and to classify them based on our proposed descriptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satrajit Indu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai-400076 India
| | - Krishna P Kaliappan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai-400076 India
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6
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Anisimova TB, Kinzhalov MA, Kuznetsov ML, Guedes da Silva MFC, Zolotarev AA, Kukushkin VY, Pombeiro AJL, Luzyanin KV. 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Nitrones to Gold(III)-Bound Isocyanides. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana B. Anisimova
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Instituto Supérior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mikhail A. Kinzhalov
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim L. Kuznetsov
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Instituto Supérior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M. Fátima C. Guedes da Silva
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Instituto Supérior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andrey A. Zolotarev
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim Yu. Kukushkin
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Armando J. L. Pombeiro
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Instituto Supérior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Konstantin V. Luzyanin
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
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7
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Kee CW, Wong MW. In Silico Design of Halogen-Bonding-Based Organocatalyst for Diels–Alder Reaction, Claisen Rearrangement, and Cope-Type Hydroamination. J Org Chem 2016; 81:7459-70. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Choon Wee Kee
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Ming Wah Wong
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, Singapore 117543
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8
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Paszkowska J, Fernandez ON, Wandzik I, Boudesoque S, Dupont L, Plantier-Royon R, Behr JB. Perfluoroalkylation of Nitrones for the Synthesis of a Series of Fucosidase Inhibitors. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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9
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Beauchemin AM. Recent developments in Cope-type hydroamination reactions of hydroxylamine and hydrazine derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 11:7039-50. [PMID: 24056974 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41172a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cope-type hydroaminations are versatile for the direct amination of alkenes, alkynes and allenes using hydroxylamines and hydrazine derivatives. These reactions occur via a concerted, 5-membered cyclic transition state that is the microscopic reverse of the Cope elimination. This article focuses on recent developments, including intermolecular variants, directed reactions, and asymmetric variants using aldehydes as tethering catalysts, and their applications in target-oriented synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- André M Beauchemin
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. andre.beauchemin@uottawa
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10
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Dion I, Vincent-Rocan JF, Zhang L, Cebrowski PH, Lebrun ME, Pfeiffer JY, Bédard AC, Beauchemin AM. Studies on Difficult Intramolecular Hydroaminations in the Context of Four Syntheses of Alkaloid Natural Products. J Org Chem 2013; 78:12735-49. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4023149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Dion
- Centre for Catalysis Research
and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jean-François Vincent-Rocan
- Centre for Catalysis Research
and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Lei Zhang
- Centre for Catalysis Research
and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Pamela H. Cebrowski
- Centre for Catalysis Research
and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Lebrun
- Centre for Catalysis Research
and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jennifer Y. Pfeiffer
- Centre for Catalysis Research
and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Anne-Catherine Bédard
- Centre for Catalysis Research
and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - André M. Beauchemin
- Centre for Catalysis Research
and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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11
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Brown AR, Uyeda C, Brotherton CA, Jacobsen EN. Enantioselective thiourea-catalyzed intramolecular cope-type hydroamination. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:6747-9. [PMID: 23597402 PMCID: PMC3689223 DOI: 10.1021/ja402893z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Catalysis of Cope-type rearrangements of bis-homoallylic hydroxylamines is demonstrated using chiral thiourea derivatives. This formal intramolecular hydroamination reaction provides access to highly enantioenriched α-substituted pyrrolidine products and represents a complementary approach to metal-catalyzed methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Christopher Uyeda
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Carolyn A. Brotherton
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Eric N. Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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12
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Zhao SB, Bilodeau E, Lemieux V, Beauchemin AM. Hydrogen bonding directed intermolecular Cope-type hydroamination of alkenes. Org Lett 2012; 14:5082-5. [PMID: 23005340 DOI: 10.1021/ol3023177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intermolecular hydroamination of unactivated alkenes represents a significant synthetic challenge. An efficient Cope-type hydroamination is achieved under mild conditions for reactions of N-alkylhydroxylamines with allylic amines, using hydrogen bonding to achieve increased reactivity and high regioselectivity. This approach provides a number of highly functionalized vicinal diamine motifs as Markovnikov addition products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Bin Zhao
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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13
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Li H, Liu L, Zhao F, Wang C, Wang C, Song Q, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Carbonylation of 1-lithiobutadiene with carbon monoxide followed by intramolecular acyllithiation of C═C double bond and intermolecular acylation with acid chloride: scope, applications, and mechanistic aspects. J Org Chem 2012; 77:4793-800. [PMID: 22524473 DOI: 10.1021/jo300631d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The carbonylation of a 1-lithio-1,3-butadiene derivative with CO gave rise to a butadienyl acyllithio intermediate, which underwent an immediate intramolecular acyllithiation of the C═C double bond, affording a lithio cyclopentadienyl enolate. The X-ray structural analysis of the enolate revealed a dimer connected with a "Li(2)O(2)" four-membered ring. Subsequent intermolecular acylation of this enolate with acid chlorides afforded β-keto-3-cyclopentenones, γ-keto-2-cyclopentenones, or cyclopentadienyl ester derivatives. The stereo- and regioselectivity of the in situ generated lithio cyclopentadienyl enolate with various acid chlorides was investigated and analyzed, showing that the formation of the above products was significantly dependent on both the substituents on the butadienyl skeleton and the bulkiness of acid chlorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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14
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Krenske EH, Davison EC, Forbes IT, Warner JA, Smith AL, Holmes AB, Houk KN. Reverse cope elimination of hydroxylamines and alkenes or alkynes: theoretical investigation of tether length and substituent effects. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:2434-41. [PMID: 22280245 DOI: 10.1021/ja211568k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Quantum mechanical calculations have been used to study the intramolecular additions of hydroxylamines to alkenes and alkynes ("reverse Cope eliminations"). In intermolecular reverse Cope eliminations, alkynes are more reactive than alkenes. However, competition experiments have shown that tethering the hydroxylamine to the alkene or alkyne can reverse the reactivity order from that normally observed. The exact outcome depends on the length of the tether. In agreement with experiment, a range of density functional theory methods and CBS-QB3 calculations predict that the activation energies for intramolecular reverse Cope eliminations follow the order 6-exo-dig < 5-exo-trig < 5-exo-dig ≈ 7-exo-dig. The order of the barriers for the 5-, 6-, and 7-exo-dig reactions of alkynes arises mainly from differences in tether strain in the transition states (TSs), but is also influenced by the TS interaction between the hydroxylamine and alkyne. Cyclization onto an alkene in the 5-exo-trig fashion incurs slightly less tether strain than a 6-exo-dig alkyne cyclization, but its activation energy is higher because the hydroxylamine fragment must distort more before the TS is reached. If the alkene terminus is substituted with two methyl groups, the barrier becomes so much higher that it is also disfavored compared to the 5- and 7-exo-dig cyclizations.
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15
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Stephens BE, Liu F. A regio- and diastereoselective intramolecular nitrone cycloaddition for practical 3- and 2,3-disubstituted piperidine synthesis from gamma-butyrolactone. J Org Chem 2009; 74:254-63. [PMID: 19053606 DOI: 10.1021/jo8018285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A fast and efficient route for diversity-oriented synthesis of 3- and 2,3-disubstituted piperidines, featuring an intramolecular nitrone cycloaddition with high regio- and diastereoselectivity, was achieved in six steps and 36-66% overall yield from commercially available gamma-butyrolactone or 1,4-butanediol. A new N-alkenyl nitrone enoate was used in this intramolecular nitrone cycloaddition, and the regioselectivity, diastereoselectivity, and reversibility of this cycloaddition were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Stephens
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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16
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Beauchemin A, Moran J, Lebrun ME, Séguin C, Dimitrijevic E, Zhang L, Gorelsky S. Intermolecular Cope-Type Hydroamination of Alkenes and Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:1410-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200703495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Beauchemin A, Moran J, Lebrun ME, Séguin C, Dimitrijevic E, Zhang L, Gorelsky S. Intermolecular Cope-Type Hydroamination of Alkenes and Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200703495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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18
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Bainbridge NP, Currie AC, Cooper NJ, Muir JC, Knight DW, Walton JM. On the use of anomeric hydroxylamines in the reverse-Cope cyclisation. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Romeril SP, Lee V, Baldwin JE, Claridge TD. On the synthesis of pyrinodemin A. Part 1: The location of the olefin. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Caro AA, Cederbaum AI, Stoyanovsky DA. Oxidation of the ketoxime acetoxime to nitric oxide by oxygen radical-generating systems. Nitric Oxide 2001; 5:413-24. [PMID: 11485379 DOI: 10.1006/niox.2001.0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ketoximes undergo a cytochrome P450-catalyzed oxidation to nitric oxide and ketones in liver microsomes. In addition, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) can catalyze the oxidative denitration of the >C=N-OH group of amidoximes. The objective of this work was to characterize the oxidation of a ketoxime (acetoxime) and to assess the ability of NOS to catalyze the generation of nitric oxide/nitrogen monoxide (*NO) from acetoxime. Acetoxime was oxidized to NO2- (and NO3-) by microsomes enriched with several P450 isoforms, including CYP2E1, CYP1A1, and CYP2B1. Nitric oxide was identified as an intermediate in the overall reaction. Superoxide dismutase and catalase significantly inhibited the reaction. Exogenous iron increased the microsomal generation of NO2- from acetoxime, while metal chelators (desferrioxamine, EDTA, DTPA) inhibited it. A Fenton-like system (Fe2+ plus H2O2, pH 7.4) consumed acetoxime with production of NO2- and NO3-, whereas oxidation by superoxide or by H2O2 was inefficient. The results presented suggest a role for hydroxyl radical-like oxidants in the oxidation of acetoxime to nitric oxide. O-Acetylacetoxime and O-tert-butylacetoxime were not oxidized by a Fenton system or by liver microsomes to any significant extent. Formation of the 5,5'-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide/. OH adduct by a Fenton system was significantly inhibited by acetoxime, while O-acetylacetoxime and O-tert-butylacetoxime were inactive. These results suggest that the. OH-dependent oxidation of acetoxime initially proceeds via abstraction of a hydrogen atom from its hydroxyl group, as opposed to the oxidation of its >C=N- function. HepG2 cells with low levels of expression of P450 did not significantly produce NO2- from acetoxime, while HepG2 cells expressing CYP2E1 did, and this generation was blocked by a CYP2E1 inhibitor. Acetoxime was inactive either as a substrate or as an inhibitor of iNOS activity. These results indicate that reactive oxygen species play a key role in the oxidation of acetoxime to. NO by liver microsomes by a mechanism involving H abstraction from the OH moiety by hydroxyl radical-like oxidants and suggest the possibility that acetoxime may be an effective producer of. NO primarily in the liver by a pathway independent of NOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Caro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
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22
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Palmer A, Jäger V. PyrrolidineN-Oxides by Stereoselective Addition of Grignard and Lithium Compounds to 4,5-Dideoxy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-erythro-4-pentenoseN-Benzyl Nitrone and Subsequent Cope−House Cyclization. European J Org Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0690(200104)2001:7<1293::aid-ejoc1293>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Knight DW, Leese MP, De Kimpe N. The synthesis of N-hydroxyisoindolines by reverse-Cope chemistry. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)00237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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24
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Bagley MC, Tovey J. Diastereoselective synthesis of cis-2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidine N-oxides by the retro-Cope elimination. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)01964-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Jäger V, Bierer L, Dong HQ, Palmer AM, Shaw D, Frey W. New heterocyclic structures from unsaturated aldehyde derivatives. Inhibition of α-L-fucosidases. J Heterocycl Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570370304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Knight DW, Salter R. Activation of the reverse-Cope elimination by allylic oxygen functions: Syntheses of (−)-hygroline and (+)-pseudohygroline. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)01131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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27
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Rapid entry to enantiopure polycyclic β-lactams via intramolecular nitrone-alkene cycloaddition of 2-azetidinone-tethered alkenylaldehydes. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)01013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Coogan MP, Gravestock MB, Knight DW, Thornton SR. Reverse-Cope cyclisations of thiahydroxylamines derived from the addition of allylic thiols to nitrones: Syntheses of 1,3-thiazolidine-N-oxides and 1,5,2-oxathiazinanes. Tetrahedron Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)10244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Bell KE, Coogan MP, Gravestock MB, Knight DW, Thornton SR. Factors influencing the reverse-Cope approach to 1,2,5-oxadiazinanes from allylamines and nitrones: Optimization of a new vicinal diamine synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)10243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Takano I, Yasuda I, Nishijima M, Hitotsuyanagi Y, Takeya K, Itokawa H. Modification of the Skeleton of Homoharringtonine through Unusual Rearrangements. J Org Chem 1997; 62:8251-8254. [PMID: 11671947 DOI: 10.1021/jo9711652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Takano
- The Tokyo Metropolitan Research Laboratory of Public Health, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169, Japan, and Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-03, Japan
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Komaromi I, Tronchet JMJ. Quantum Chemical Reaction Path and Transition State for a Model Cope (and Reverse Cope) Elimination. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp970617b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Istvan Komaromi
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Sciences II, 30, Quai E.-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jean M. J. Tronchet
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Sciences II, 30, Quai E.-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Risitano F, Grassi G, Bruno G, Nicolò F. Michael Addition versus 1,3-Cycloaddition Reactions of Pyridinium Ylides with (Arylmethylene)isoxazol-5-ones: Diastereoselective Formation of 4-[1-Aryl-2-(1-pyridinio)ethyl]isoxazolium-5-olates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.199719970224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Intramolecular cyclisations of hydroxylamines derived from limonene: Reverse-Cope or acid-catalysed reactions? Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)01362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Davison EC, Forbes IT, Holmes AB, Warner JA. N-Alkenyl nitrone dipolar cycloaddition routes to piperidines and indolizidines. Part 8. The scope of tandem reactions involving hydroxylamine-alkyne cyclisations. Tetrahedron 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(96)00643-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fox ME, Holmes AB, Forbes IT, Thompson M. N-alkenyl nitrone dipolar cycloaddition routes to piperidines and indolizidines. Part 7. Hydroxylamine–alkyne cyclisations. Formation of cyclic nitrones and application to the synthesis of the proposed structure for (±)-acacialactam. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1039/p19940003379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Anstead GM, Lin HK, Prestwich GD. Trisnorsqualene methyl hydroxylamine: a potent dual inhibitor of mammalian squalene epoxidase and oxidosqualene cyclase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)80339-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Grigg R, Markandu J, Surendrakumar S, Thornton-Pett M, Warnock WJ. X = Y - ZH Systems as potential 1,3-dipoles. Part 37 generation of nitrones from oximes. Tandem intramolecular 1,3-azaprotio cyclotransfer - intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions. Class 4 processes. Tetrahedron 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)88344-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Grigg R, Markandu J, Perrior T, Surendrakumar S, Warnock WJ. X = Y - ZH systems as potential 1,3-dipoles part 35. Generation of nitrones from oximes. Class 3 processes. Tandem intramolecular michael addition (1,3-azaprotio cyclotransfer) - intermolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions. Tetrahedron 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)89883-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Karady S, Corley EG, Abramson NL, Weinstock LM. Cyclization of electrochemically generated nitrogen radicals. A novel synthesis of 11-substituted dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptenimines. Tetrahedron Lett 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)99645-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Carling RW, Leeson PD. Synthesis of iminomethano-dibenzo[a,e]cyclooctenes by transannular formation and cleavage of isoxazolidines. Tetrahedron Lett 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)88495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Oppolzer W, Siles S, Snowden RL, Bakker BH, Petrzilka M. The regiochemistry of intramolecular n-alkenylnitrone additions: preparative and mechanistic implications. Tetrahedron Lett 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)86596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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