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Luong S, Fu S. Detection and identification of 2-nitro-morphine and 2-nitro-morphine-6-glucuronide in nitrite adulterated urine specimens containing morphine and its glucuronides. Drug Test Anal 2013; 6:277-87. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Luong
- Centre for Forensic Science, School of Chemistry and Forensic Science; University of Technology, Sydney (UTS); Ultimo NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Shanlin Fu
- Centre for Forensic Science, School of Chemistry and Forensic Science; University of Technology, Sydney (UTS); Ultimo NSW 2007 Australia
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2
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2-Nitro-6-monoacetylmorphine: potential marker for monitoring the presence of 6-monoacetylmorphine in urine adulterated with potassium nitrite. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:2057-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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3
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Huang XR, Srimurugan S, Lee GH, Chen C. A Facile Synthesis and Structural Verification of Etorphine and Dihydroetorphine from Codeine. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201190048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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4
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Linders JTM, Booth RJ, Lie TS, Kieboom APG, Maat L. Diene systems in N-formylmorphinans; formation of a dibenz[d,f]azonine: A new example of molecular acrobatics in morphinans1
(chemistry of opium alkaloids, part XXVII). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19891080506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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5
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Woudenberg RH, Oosterhoff BE, Lie TS, Maat L. Synthesis of 5β-alkylthebaines, 5β-alkyl-10α-ethylthebaines and 5β,10α, 10β-triethylthebaine; Diels-Alder reactions to 5β-alkyl- and 5β-alkyl-10α-ethyl-6α, 14α-ethenoisomorphinans (chemistry of opium alkaloids, Part XXXVI. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19921110302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Crabbendam PR, Maat L, Beyerman HC. Preparation of 6-demethoxythebaine from neopine and its Diels-Alder reaction with ethyl acrylate (Chemistry of opium alkaloids, Part XV). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19811000711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Woudenberg RH, Maat L. Synthesis and biological activity of new etorphine analogues from 7-chloro-6-demethoxythebaine and 7-chloro-5β-methyl-6-demethoxythebaine (chemistry of opium alkaloids, part XXXVII). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19931120207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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8
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Woudenberg RH, Lie TS, Maat L. Reactions of thebaine and 6-demethoxythebaine anions with carbonyl compounds; novel Diels-Alder adducts from 5β-substituted thebaines (chemistry of opium alkaloids, Part XXXIX). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19931121008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Woudenberg RH, Meuzelaar GJ, Maat L. Synthesis of 7-substituted 6-demethoxythebaines and Diels-Alder reaction of 7-methoxy-5β-methyl-6-demethoxythebaine (chemistry of opium alkaloids, part XLI). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19931121104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Woudenberg RH, Piet DP, Sinnema A, Lie TS, Maat L. Synthesis of 5β-methyl-6-demethoxythebaine and its Diels-Alder reaction to 6α,14α-ethenoisomorphinans and 6β,14β-ethenomorphinans (Chemistry of Opium Alkaloids, Part XXXV. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19911101004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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11
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Woudenberg RH, Lie TS, Maat L. Rigid etheno-bridged metopon analogues from Diels-Alder reaction of 5-methylthebaine. (Chemistry of opium alkaloids, Part XXXII). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19901090507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Linders JTM, Lipman PJL, Saly E, Lie TS, Maat L. Diels-Alder Adducts From 4-O-Acetyl-6-Demethoxy-N-Formyl-β-Dihydro-N-Northebaine With Methyl Vinyl Ketone and Nitroethene (Chemistry of Opium Alkaloids, Part XXIX). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bscb.19890980404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Casale JF, Toske SG, Hays PA. Chlorinated Opium Alkaloid Derivatives Produced by the Use of Aqueous Sodium Hypochlorite During the Clandestine Manufacture of Heroin. J Forensic Sci 2009; 54:359-64. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.00985.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Chen YJ, Chen C. Synthesis of deuterium-labelled etorphine and dihydroetorphine. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Trost BM, Tang W, Toste FD. Divergent enantioselective synthesis of (-)-galanthamine and (-)-morphine. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 127:14785-803. [PMID: 16231933 DOI: 10.1021/ja054449+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient divergent synthetic strategy for the synthesis of the opiate and amaryllidaceae alkaloids emerges by employing a Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation (AAA) to set the stereochemistry. Three generations of syntheses of galanthamine are discussed in detail with particular focus on the scope of the palladium-catalyzed AAA reactions and intramolecular Heck reactions. The pivotal tricyclic intermediate is available in six steps from 2-bromovanillin and the monoester of methyl 6-hydroxycyclohexene-1-carboxylate. This intermediate requires only two steps to convert to (-)-galanthamine. Using a Heck vinylation, we found that the fourth ring of codeine/morphine could be formed. The final ring formation involves a novel visible light-promoted hydroamination. Thus, six steps are required to convert the pivotal tricyclic intermediate into codeine, which has been demethylated in high yield to morphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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16
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Identification of Heroin in Street Doses Using 1D-TOCSY Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. J Forensic Sci 2000. [DOI: 10.1520/jfs14818j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Coop A, Janetka JW, Lewis JW, Rice KC. L-Selectride as a General Reagent for the O-Demethylation and N-Decarbomethoxylation of Opium Alkaloids and Derivatives1. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9801972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Coop
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Building 8, Room B1-23, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0815, and School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - James W. Janetka
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Building 8, Room B1-23, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0815, and School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - John W. Lewis
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Building 8, Room B1-23, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0815, and School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Kenner C. Rice
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Building 8, Room B1-23, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0815, and School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
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19
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Nan Y, Xu W, Zaw K, Hughes KE, Huang LF, Dunn WJ, Bauer L, Bhargava HN. Synthesis of 2′-amino-17-cyclopropylmethyl-6,7-dehydro-3,14-dihydroxy-4,5α-epoxy-6,7:4′,5′-thiazolomorphinan from naltrexone. J Heterocycl Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570340417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Nan Y, Upadhyaya SP, Xu W, Hughes KE, Dunn WJ, Bauer L, Bhargava HN, Doss GA. Synthesis and stereochemical assignment of 7-arylidene and 7-heteroarylidene morphinan-6-ones. J Heterocycl Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570330231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Crouch RC, Bhatia AV, Lever OW. Opioid conformations: The remarkable effect of C-14 substituents on ring c conformations of 6α and 6β epimers of 6-substituted epoxymorphinan opioid ligands. J Heterocycl Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570270252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Lever JR, Mazza SM, Dannals RF, Ravert HT, Wilson AA, Wagner HN. Facile synthesis of [11C]buprenorphine for positron emission tomographic studies of opioid receptors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION APPLICATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION. PART A, APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES 1990; 41:745-52. [PMID: 2172186 DOI: 10.1016/0883-2889(90)90022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a simple and rapid method for the production of buprenorphine (BPN), a potent opioid partial agonist, labelled with carbon-11 at the 6-methoxy position. The procedure uses a precursor synthesized in high yield (89%) from BPN in two steps and employs [11C]iodomethane as the radiolabelling reagent. [11C]BPN of 97% radiochemical purity can be prepared in high specific activity (41 GBq/mumol; 1120 mCi/mumol) in a radiochemical yield of 10% at end-of-synthesis (not decay corrected). The [11C]BPN is available for use in studies of cerebral opioid receptors by positron emission tomography within 24 min from end-of-bombardment, including radiosynthesis, purification, formulation for i.v. injection and determination of specific activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Lever
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
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24
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Chen ZR, Reynolds G, Bochner F, Somogyi A. Direct determination of codeine-6-glucuronide in plasma and urine using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1989; 493:313-24. [PMID: 2584298 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)82737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and selective method was developed for the direct determination of codeine-6-glucuronide in plasma and urine using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. Codeine-6-glucuronide was synthesised and its purity estimated using acid and enzyme hydrolysis. The hydrolysis of codeine-6-glucuronide by beta-glucuronidase was incomplete and urine reduced the extent of hydrolysis. Codeine-6-glucuronide was recovered from plasma using a solid-phase extraction column and separated on a reversed-phase C18 HPLC column. The assay showed good reproducibility and accuracy (within 10%), and standard curves were linear between 32 and 1600 ng/ml in plasma and between 0.32 and 160 micrograms/ml in urine. The assay has been applied to the study of the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of codeine in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z R Chen
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, University of Adelaide, Australia
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25
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Analytical Profile of Morphine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0099-5428(08)60222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Roberts MF, Kutchan TM, Brown RT, Coscia CJ. Implication of tyramine in the biosynthesis of morphinan alkaloids in Papaver. PLANTA 1987; 172:230-237. [PMID: 24225875 DOI: 10.1007/bf00394592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/1987] [Accepted: 06/02/1987] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Doubly-labeled [(3)H, (14)C]tyrosines, [1-(13)C-]tyramine or [2-(14)C]tyramine, administered to the stems of intact Papaver somniferum L. plants, were found to be incorporated into the morphinan alkaloids of the plant with comparable efficiency. (3)H/(14)C ratios of alkaloids from plants fed the tyrosines were consistent with an almost equal conversion of this amino acid into the tetrahydroisoquinoline (TIQ) and benzyl-derived segments. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses of morphine isolated after administration of [1-(13)C]tyramine demonstrated selective labeling of C-16 of the alkaloid, indicating the conversion of this amine primarily into the TIQ-derived moiety. Morphine and thebaine labeled by [2-(14)C]tyramine were degraded to phenanthridines and N,N'-dimethyl ethylamines. Of the total radioactivity in the alkaloids 97% was found to be associated with the ethylamines, a distribution consistent with the NMR data. This preferential utilization of tyramine in the biosynthesis of morphinan alkaloids can be explained by the compartmentalization of intermediates and enzymes of the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Roberts
- Department of Pharmacognosy, London University, WCIN 1AX, London, UK
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Negishi N, Bennett DB, Cho CS, Jeong SY, Van Heeswijk WA, Feijen J, Kim SW. Coupling of naltrexone to biodegradable poly(alpha-amino acids). Pharm Res 1987; 4:305-10. [PMID: 3508536 DOI: 10.1023/a:1016493103302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The narcotic antagonist naltrexone (I) was modified at the 3 and 14 hydroxyl positions and covalently coupled to a biodegradable poly(alpha-amino acid) backbone through a labile bond. Selective acetylation of I with acetic anhydride gave naltrexone-3-acetate (II), which was subsequently succinoylated to naltrexone-3-acetate-14-hemisuccinate (III) with succinic anhydride. The polymeric backbone chosen for initial coupling experiments was poly-N5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-glutamine (PHPG). The side-chain hydroxyl functionality permitted covalent bonding of III through an ester linkage. Hydrolysis of covalently bound drug to give naltrexone or its derivatives (II and III) should be much slower than diffusion of drug through the polymer matrix. While hydrolysis of naltrexone from the polymer side chain is first order, release of drug from the matrix can be zero order due to the geometry of the device and the physical and chemical interactions between naltrexone and the polymer matrix. In vitro studies of PHPG-naltrexone conjugate in disk form did not show constant release because of the hydrophilic nature of the polymer backbone and the changing local chemical environment upon hydrolysis of drug-polymer linkages. The conjugated system was made more hydrophobic by coupling drug to copolymers of hydroxypropyl-L-glutamine (HPG) and L-leucine. Conjugates of III coupled with copoly(HPG-70/Leu-30) demonstrated a nearly constant, but slightly declining release rate of naltrexone and its derivatives for 28 days in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Negishi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112
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Silver B, Sundholm EG. Solid-state esterification of codeine phosphate by the acid constituent of effervescent tablets. J Pharm Sci 1987; 76:53-5. [PMID: 3585724 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600760115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Codeine phosphate in a paracetamol:codeine effervescent tablet was found to react at room temperature and 37 degrees C with the citric acid constituent to form citrate esters of codeine. The esterification was confirmed in a solid-state reaction at elevated temperature. The structures of the three possible monosubstituted esters (1-3) were elucidated from spectroscopic data (nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry) and by selective hydrolysis of the dimethyl esters to give symmetrical and asymmetrical dimethyl citrates. In the degradation reaction, formation of the symmetrically substituted citrate ester of codeine, 1, was found to predominate. Tartaric acid, which can be used in effervescent tablet formulations, was also found to give an ester with codeine phosphate in a similar nonsolvolytic reaction. A liquid chromatographic method was developed for the separation of the citrate esters of codeine.
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31
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Rimland A, Bergson G, Obenius U, Sjöberg S, Långström B. Synthesis of by using multivariate strategies for optimization of radiochemical yields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0883-2889(87)90133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Brown CE, Roerig SC, Burger VT, Cody RB, Fujimoto JM. Analgesic potencies of morphine 3- and 6-sulfates after intracerebroventricular administration in mice: relationship to structural characteristics defined by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. J Pharm Sci 1985; 74:821-4. [PMID: 4032263 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600740804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Morphine 3-sulfate, which carries a polar, acidic group at the 3-position much like morphine, does not differ greatly in analgesic potency from morphine following intracerebroventricular administration. This differs from the non-ionizable 3-methyl and 3-ethyl ethers, which are less potent analgesics than morphine. Morphine 6-sulfate, which differs from morphine by having an ionizable group at carbon-6 at physiological pH, is a more potent analgesic than morphine following intracerebroventricular administration. Variations in analgesic potency following modifications at the hydroxyl groups appear only to reflect alterations in point charges rather than structural alterations.
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Pyrolysis Products of Heroin. J Forensic Sci 1985. [DOI: 10.1520/jfs10990j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Theuns HG, Janssen RHAM, Biessels HWA, Salemink CA. Electric field effects in13C NMR of some quaternary morphinan derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1002/mrc.1270221214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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35
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Conformational analogies of morphine agonists and antagonists as revealed by carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1002/mrc.1270220413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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36
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An automated library search system for 13C-n.m.r. spectra based on the reproducibility of chemical shifts. Anal Chim Acta 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)83627-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kolb VM, Gober JR. Study of the syn and anti isomerism of the long-lasting opiate antagonist naloxazone and related compounds. Life Sci 1983; 33 Suppl 1:419-22. [PMID: 6664221 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(83)90531-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A 13C-NMR study of the long-acting opiate antagonists naloxazone (I) and naltrexazone (II) and the long-acting opiate agonist oxymorphazone (III) revealed that these compounds are formed as mixtures of their anti and syn isomers. The less crowded anti isomer was found to be the major product in all cases (ca. 80%). N,N-Dimethyl derivatives of naloxazone (IV), naltrexazone (V), and oxymorphazone (VI), which are sterically more crowded than the corresponding unsubstituted hydrazones I-III, were formed as almost exclusively anti isomers. Pure anti isomer of II was obtained as a 1:1 complex with ethanol. No syn-anti equilibration was observed during the 13C-NMR experiment in any of the cases studied. The relevance of our finding about the syn-anti isomerism of the opiate hydrazones to the understanding of their interactions with the opiate receptor is discussed.
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Casy AF, Ogundaini AO, Parfitt RT. Stereochemical studies of substituted 6,7- benzomorphan derivatives by13C and1H NMR spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1002/mrc.1270200413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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40
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Alm S, Bomgren B, Borén HB, Karlsson H, Maehly AC. The use of 13C NMR spectroscopy in forensic drug analysis. Forensic Sci Int 1982; 19:271-80. [PMID: 6896194 DOI: 10.1016/0379-0738(82)90090-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
13C NMR spectroscopy has been used for analysis of fourteen compounds which, according to Swedish laws are defined as narcotic drugs or are substances often found in combination with these drugs. The carbon-13 NMR method seems to be well suited for analysis of complex forensic drug mixtures because no preliminary separation of components is required.
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Evans JV, Leeling JL, Helms RJ. Methodology for the identification of the urinary metabolites of the analgesic-narcotic antagonist, codorphone, by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. BIOMEDICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY 1982; 9:191-200. [PMID: 6124285 DOI: 10.1002/bms.1200090504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Methodology is presented for the identification of codorphone and its metabolites in urine samples using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The procedure focuses on the clean-up of biological samples and a derivatization technique suitable for these samples. Sep-Pak C-18 cartridges were employed in the clean-up procedure permitting the biological sample to be derivatized in a relatively small volume of reagents. The derivatization procedure incorporated a one-step trimethylsilyloxime reaction to prevent enol formation while simultaneously derivatizing free hydroxyl groups with the excess trimethylsilylimidazole present in the reaction mixture. This was followed by the addition of BSTFA directly to this reaction mixture to complete derivatization of any metabolites possessing dealkylation of the nitrogen. Using this derivatization scheme, synthetic metabolites were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, and their mass spectra were characterized emphasizing the diagnostic fragment ions observed in the spectra. To illustrate the usefulness of this methodology, a urine sample obtained from a dog that had been dosed with codorphone was analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, and the metabolites were identified by comparison to the mass spectra of the synthetic derivatives.
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