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Kingsbury CJ, Senge MO. Molecular Symmetry and Art: Visualizing the Near-Symmetry of Molecules in Piet Mondrian's De Stijl. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403754. [PMID: 38619527 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Symmetry and shape are essential aspects of molecular structure and how we interpret molecules and their properties. We, as chemists, are comfortable with pictorial representations of structure, in which some nuance is lost-investigating molecular shape numerically by looking at how closely it fits a reference, such as a plane, or a set of vectors or coordinates, is informative, though far from engaging. Often relationships between chemical structure and derived values are obscured. Taking our inspiration from Piet Mondrian's Compositions, we have depicted the symmetry information encoded within 3D data as blocks of color, to show clearly how chemical arguments and resultant molecular distortion may contribute to symmetry. Great art gives us a new perspective on the world; as a pastiche, this art may allow us to look at familiar molecules, such as porphyrins, in a new light, understanding how their shape and properties are intertwined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Kingsbury
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
| | - Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Focus Group-Molecular and Interfacial Engineering of Organic Nanosystems, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenberg-Str. 2a, 85748, Garching, Germany
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Wang R, Yin Y, Xu K, Wu L, Huang Z, Hsu HY, Sessler JL, Zhang Z. Doubly N-confused phlorin and phlorinone analogue. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2772-2775. [PMID: 33596301 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00216c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A doubly N-confused phlorin and phlorinone analogue were synthesized from a β,β'-linked dipyrromethane precursor and characterized by means of NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopies, X-ray crystallography, and electrochemistry. Solvents have a considerable impact on the optical absorption of the doubly N-confused phlorin so that it can differentiate simple alcohols such as methanol and ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runju Wang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Ying Yin
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Kui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Lamei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Zhengxi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Hsien-Yi Hsu
- School of Energy and Environment & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China and Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Senge MO, Sergeeva NN, Hale KJ. Classic highlights in porphyrin and porphyrinoid total synthesis and biosynthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4730-4789. [PMID: 33623938 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00719a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins feature prominently in nature, be it as enzymatic cofactors, electron and exciton shuffles, as photoactive dyes, or as signaling substances. Their involvement in the generation, storage and use of oxygen is pivotal to life, while their photochemical properties are central to the biochemical functioning of plants. When complexed to metals, porphyrins can engage in a multitude of contemporary applications ranging from solar energy generation to serving as catalysts for important chemical reactions. They are also able to function as useful theranostic agents, and as novel materials for a wide range of applications. As such, they are widely considered to be highly valuable molecules, and it almost goes without saying that synthetic organic chemistry has dramatically underpinned all the key advances made, by providing reliable access to them. In fact, strategies for the synthesis of functionalized porphyrins have now reached a state of refinement where pretty well any desired porphyrin can successfully be synthesized with the approaches that are available, including a cornucopia of related macrocycle-modified porphyrinoids. In this review, we are going to illustrate the development of this exciting field by discussing a number of classic syntheses of porphyrins. Our coverage will encompass the natural protoporphyrins and chlorophylls, while also covering general strategies for the synthesis of unsymmetrical porphyrins and chlorins. Various industrial syntheses of porphyrins will also be discussed, as will other routes of great practical importance, and avenues to key porphyrinoids with modified macrocycles. A range of selected examples of contemporary functionalization reactions will be highlighted. The various key syntheses will be described and analyzed from a traditional mechanistic organic chemistry perspective to help student readers, and those who are new to this area. The aim will be to allow readers to mechanistically appreciate and understand how many of these fascinating ring-systems are built and further functionalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Meindl A, Plunkett S, Ryan AA, Flanagan KJ, Callaghan S, Senge MO. Comparative Synthetic Strategies for the Generation of 5,10- and 5,15-Substituted Push-Pull
Porphyrins. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Meindl
- SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory; School of Chemistry; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; The University of Dublin; 152-160 Pearse Street 2 Dublin Ireland
| | - Shane Plunkett
- SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory; School of Chemistry; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; The University of Dublin; 152-160 Pearse Street 2 Dublin Ireland
| | - Aoife A. Ryan
- SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory; School of Chemistry; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; The University of Dublin; 152-160 Pearse Street 2 Dublin Ireland
| | - Keith J. Flanagan
- SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory; School of Chemistry; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; The University of Dublin; 152-160 Pearse Street 2 Dublin Ireland
| | - Susan Callaghan
- SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory; School of Chemistry; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; The University of Dublin; 152-160 Pearse Street 2 Dublin Ireland
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory; School of Chemistry; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; The University of Dublin; 152-160 Pearse Street 2 Dublin Ireland
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Hiroto S, Miyake Y, Shinokubo H. Synthesis and Functionalization of Porphyrins through Organometallic Methodologies. Chem Rev 2016; 117:2910-3043. [PMID: 27709907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the postfunctionalization of porphyrins and related compounds through catalytic and stoichiometric organometallic methodologies. The employment of organometallic reactions has become common in porphyrin synthesis. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are now standard techniques for constructing carbon-carbon bonds in porphyrin synthesis. In addition, iridium- or palladium-catalyzed direct C-H functionalization of porphyrins is emerging as an efficient way to install various substituents onto porphyrins. Furthermore, the copper-mediated Huisgen cycloaddition reaction has become a frequent strategy to incorporate porphyrin units into functional molecules. The use of these organometallic techniques, along with the traditional porphyrin synthesis, now allows chemists to construct a wide range of highly elaborated and complex porphyrin architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Hiroto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Kovalev IS, Kopchuk DS, Zyryanov GV, Rusinov VL, Chupakhin ON, Charushin VN. Organolithium compounds in the nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen in arenes and hetarenes. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
Porphyrin macrocycles have been the subject of intense study in the last century because they are widely distributed in nature, usually as metal complexes of either iron or magnesium. As such, they serve as the prosthetic groups in a wide variety of primary metabolites, such as hemoglobins, myoglobins, cytochromes, catalases, peroxidases, chlorophylls, and bacteriochlorophylls; these compounds have multiple applications in materials science, biology and medicine. This article describes current methodology for preparation of simple, symmetrical model porphyrins, as well as more complex protocols for preparation of unsymmetrically substituted porphyrin macrocycles similar to those found in nature. The basic chemical reactivity of porphyrins and metalloporphyrin is also described, including electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions, oxidations, reductions, and metal-mediated cross-coupling reactions. Using the synthetic approaches and reactivity profiles presented, eventually almost any substituted porphyrin system can be prepared for applications in a variety of areas, including in catalysis, electron transport, model biological systems and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria da G.H. Vicente
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Kevin M. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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Ryan AA, Plunkett S, Casey A, McCabe T, Senge MO. From thioether substituted porphyrins to sulfur linked porphyrin dimers: an unusual SNAr via thiolate displacement? Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:353-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46828c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Beyzavi MH, Lentz D, Reissig HU, Wiehe A. Synthesis of Functionalized, Sterically Congested Calix[4]phyrin Macrocycles Using Donor-Acceptor-Substituted Cyclopropanes - First Example of a Mono-meso-spirolactone Incorporated into a Calix[4]phyrin. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
Contemporary methods for the modification of porphyrins are presented. In association with the Third International Conference on Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines (ICPP-3) a survey of current method developments and reactivity studies is made. The review focuses on synthetic transformations of porphyrins currently in use for various applications and on functional group transformations. A brief survey of important developments covers selectively the literature from late 2001 to early 2004.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias O. Senge
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Julia Richter
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Golm, Germany
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Abstract
Porphine is the parent compound of a family of biologically and chemically relevant compounds called porphyrins. The potential of these compounds is enormous and it would be advantageous to use the porphine (porphyrin) unit as a building block for the synthesis of diverse porphyrin complexes with a wide range of applications. However, despite first being synthesized over 70 years ago, porphine has not been utilized to its full extent due to low yield syntheses and poor solubility. Recent advances have now overcome many of these problems. The purpose of this review is to illustrate the advances made in porphine chemistry to illustrate the inherent potential of this simple compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias O. Senge
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Mia Davis
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Abstract
Recent developments in the synthesis and transformation of porphyrins and their derivatives are presented. In connection with the Fifth International Conference on Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines (ICPP-5) a survey of current method developments and reactivity studies is made. The review focuses on synthetic advances in porphyrin chemistry. A brief survey of important developments covers selectively the literature from 2004 to late 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Horn
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Katja Dahms
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Setsune JI, Yamato K. Highly reactive meso-like positions of dipyrihexaphyrin. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:4447-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc30981e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Senge MO, Ryppa C, Fazekas M, Zawadzka M, Dahms K. 5,10-A2B2-Type meso-Substituted Porphyrins-A Unique Class of Porphyrins with a Realigned Dipole Moment. Chemistry 2011; 17:13562-73. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Ryan A, Gehrold A, Perusitti R, Pintea M, Fazekas M, Locos OB, Blaikie F, Senge MO. Porphyrin Dimers and Arrays. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Senge MO. Stirring the porphyrin alphabet soup—functionalization reactions for porphyrins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:1943-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc03984e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Senge MO, Richter J, Bischoff I, Ryan A. Highly substituted 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrins with meso aryl residues. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Senge MO, Shaker YM, Pintea M, Ryppa C, Hatscher SS, Ryan A, Sergeeva Y. Synthesis ofmeso-Substituted ABCD-Type Porphyrins by Functionalization Reactions. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200901113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bakar MB, Oelgemöller M, Senge MO. Lead structures for applications in photodynamic therapy. Part 2: Synthetic studies for photo-triggered release systems of bioconjugate porphyrin photosensitizers. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Balaz M, Collins HA, Dahlstedt E, Anderson HL. Synthesis of hydrophilic conjugated porphyrin dimers for one-photon and two-photon photodynamic therapy at NIR wavelengths. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:874-88. [DOI: 10.1039/b814789b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Kojima T, Hanabusa K, Ohkubo K, Shiro M, Fukuzumi S. Formation of dodecaphenylporphodimethene via facile protonation of saddle-distorted dodecaphenylporphyrin. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:6513-5. [DOI: 10.1039/b816063e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sergeeva NN, Shaker YM, Finnigan EM, McCabe T, Senge MO. Synthesis of hydroporphyrins based on comparative studies of palladium-catalyzed and non-catalyzed approaches. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bröring M, Link S, Cordes M, Brandt CD. Oxidative Pyrrole Exchange andmeso Pyrrylation – Unexpected Reactions of Open-Chain Tetrapyrrolic 2,2′-Bidipyrrins. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200600268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Sergeeva NN, Senge MO. Palladium-catalyzed reactions for the synthesis of chlorins and 5,10-porphodimethenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.06.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Senge MO. Exercises in molecular gymnastics--bending, stretching and twisting porphyrins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:243-56. [PMID: 16391725 DOI: 10.1039/b511389j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The functional versatility of tetrapyrroles as natural cofactors is related to their conformational flexibility where manipulation of the macrocycle conformation allows a fine-tuning of their physicochemical properties. This feature article gives a personal account of the synthesis and solid state structural characterization of highly substituted, non-planar porphyrins. Their conformational analysis identifies sterically strained tetrapyrroles as a versatile class of biomimetic compounds with tailor-made properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Wiehe A, Shaker YM, Brandt JC, Mebs S, Senge MO. Lead structures for applications in photodynamic therapy. Part 1: Synthesis and variation of m-THPC (Temoporfin) related amphiphilic A2BC-type porphyrins. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ryppa C, Senge MO, Hatscher SS, Kleinpeter E, Wacker P, Schilde U, Wiehe A. Synthesis of Mono- and Disubstituted Porphyrins: A- and 5,10-A2-Type Systems. Chemistry 2005; 11:3427-42. [PMID: 15798971 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
General syntheses have been developed for meso-substituted porphyrins with one or two substituents in the 5,10-positions and no beta substituents. 5-Substituted porphyrins with only one meso substituent are easily prepared by an acid-catalyzed condensation of dipyrromethane, pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde, and an appropriate aldehyde using a "[2+1+1]" approach. Similarly, 5,10-disubstituted porphyrins are accessible by simple condensation of unsubstituted tripyrrane with pyrrole and various aldehydes using a "[3+1]" approach. The yields for these reactions are low to moderate and additional formation of either di- or monosubstituted porphyrins due to scrambling of the intermediates is observed. However, the reactions can be performed quite easily and the desired target compounds are easily removed due to large differences in solubility. A complementary and more selective synthesis involves the use of organolithium reagents for S(N)Ar reactions. Reaction of in situ generated porphyrin (porphine) with 1.1-8 equivalents of RLi gave the monosubstituted porphyrins, while reaction with 3-6 equivalents of RLi gave the 5,10-disubstituted porphyrins in yields ranging from 43 to 90 %. These hitherto almost inaccessible compounds complete the series of different homologues of A-, 5,15-A(2)-, 5,10-A(2)-, A(3)-, and A(4)-type porphyrins and allow an investigation of the gradual influence of type, number, and regiochemical arrangement of substituents on the properties of meso-substituted porphyrins. They also present important starting materials for the synthesis of ABCD porphyrins and are potential synthons for supramolecular materials requiring specific substituent orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ryppa
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl Liebknecht Strasse 24-25, 14476 Golm, Germany
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Hartnell R, Arnold D. Peripherally Metallated Porphyrins: the First Examples ofmeso-η1-Palladio(II) and -Platinio(II) Complexes with Chelating Diamine Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200300600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Senge MO, Bischoff I. SNAr reactions of β-substituted porphyrins and the synthesis of meso substituted tetrabenzoporphyrins. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.12.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Yamane O, Sugiura KI, Miyasaka H, Nakamura K, Fujimoto T, Nakamura K, Kaneda T, Sakata Y, Yamashita M. Pyrene-Fused Porphyrins: Annulation Reactions ofmeso-Pyrenylporphyrins. CHEM LETT 2004. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2004.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Hartnell RD, Arnold DP. Peripherally η1-Platinated Organometallic Porphyrins as Building Blocks for Multiporphyrin Arrays. Organometallics 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/om0305869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Regan D. Hartnell
- Synthesis and Molecular Recognition Program, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, G.P.O. Box 2434, Brisbane, Australia 4001
| | - Dennis P. Arnold
- Synthesis and Molecular Recognition Program, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, G.P.O. Box 2434, Brisbane, Australia 4001
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