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Munir R, Zahoor AF, Javed S, Parveen B, Mansha A, Irfan A, Khan SG, Irfan A, Kotwica-Mojzych K, Mojzych M. Simmons-Smith Cyclopropanation: A Multifaceted Synthetic Protocol toward the Synthesis of Natural Products and Drugs: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:5651. [PMID: 37570621 PMCID: PMC10420228 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Simmons-Smith cyclopropanation is a widely used reaction in organic synthesis for stereospecific conversion of alkenes into cyclopropane. The utility of this reaction can be realized by the fact that the cyclopropane motif is a privileged synthetic intermediate and a core structural unit of many biologically active natural compounds such as terpenoids, alkaloids, nucleosides, amino acids, fatty acids, polyketides and drugs. The modified form of Simmons-Smith cyclopropanation involves the employment of Et2Zn and CH2I2 (Furukawa reagent) toward the total synthesis of a variety of structurally complex natural products that possess broad range of biological activities including anticancer, antimicrobial and antiviral activities. This review aims to provide an intriguing glimpse of the Furukawa-modified Simmons-Smith cyclopropanation, within the year range of 2005 to 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsha Munir
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (R.M.); (B.P.); (A.M.); (S.G.K.); (A.I.)
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (R.M.); (B.P.); (A.M.); (S.G.K.); (A.I.)
| | - Sadia Javed
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Bushra Parveen
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (R.M.); (B.P.); (A.M.); (S.G.K.); (A.I.)
| | - Asim Mansha
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (R.M.); (B.P.); (A.M.); (S.G.K.); (A.I.)
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Samreen Gul Khan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (R.M.); (B.P.); (A.M.); (S.G.K.); (A.I.)
| | - Ali Irfan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (R.M.); (B.P.); (A.M.); (S.G.K.); (A.I.)
| | - Katarzyna Kotwica-Mojzych
- Laboratory of Experimental Cytology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Mojzych
- Department of Chemistry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 3-go Maja 54, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
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Tomilov YV, Menchikov LG, Novikov RA, Ivanova OA, Trushkov IV. Methods for the synthesis of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cornwall RG, Wong OA, Du H, Ramirez TA, Shi Y. A novel class of tunable cyclopropanation reagents (RXZnCH2Y) and their synthetic applications. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:5498-513. [PMID: 22688971 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25481f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Simmons-Smith cyclopropanation is a widely used method to synthesize cyclopropanes from alkenes using methylene iodide and a zinc reagent. A novel class of organozinc species, RXZnCH(2)Y, has been found to efficiently cyclopropanate alkenes, including traditionally unreactive unfunctionalized alkenes. The reactivity and selectivity of this class of organozinc reagents can be regulated by tuning the electronic and/or steric nature of the RX group attached to Zn. During recent years, this class of organozinc reagent has been widely used in organic synthesis as a reagent for cyclopropanation and other useful synthetic transformations. Catalytic, asymmetric versions of this reaction have been developed providing high enantiomeric excess for unfunctionalized olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Cornwall
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Long J, Xu L, Du H, Li K, Shi Y. Mechanistic Studies on a Dipeptide-Promoted Asymmetric Cyclopropanation of Unfunctionalized Olefins. Org Lett 2009; 11:5226-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol902150j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Long
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523
| | - Haifeng Du
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523
| | - Yian Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523
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Shitama H, Katsuki T. Asymmetric Simmons–Smith Reaction of Allylic Alcohols with Al Lewis Acid/N Lewis Base Bifunctional Al(Salalen) Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200705641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Asymmetric Simmons–Smith Reaction of Allylic Alcohols with Al Lewis Acid/N Lewis Base Bifunctional Al(Salalen) Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:2450-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200705641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kwok WM, Zhao C, Guan X, Li YL, Du Y, Phillips DL. Efficient dehalogenation of polyhalomethanes and production of strong acids in aqueous environments: Water-catalyzed O–H-insertion and HI-elimination reactions of isodiiodomethane (CH2I–I) with water. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:9017-32. [PMID: 15267837 DOI: 10.1063/1.1701699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A combined experimental and theoretical study of the ultraviolet photolysis of CH2I2 in water is reported. Ultraviolet photolysis of low concentrations of CH2I2 in water was experimentally observed to lead to almost complete conversion into CH2(OH)2 and 2HI products. Picosecond time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy experiments in mixed water/acetonitrile solvents (25%-75% water) showed that appreciable amounts of isodiiodomethane (CH2I-I) were formed within several picoseconds and the decay of the CH2I-I species became substantially shorter with increasing water concentration, suggesting that CH2I-I may be reacting with water. Ab initio calculations demonstrate the CH2I-I species is able to react readily with water via a water-catalyzed O--H-insertion and HI-elimination reaction followed by its CH2I(OH) product undergoing a further water-catalyzed HI-elimination reaction to make a H2C=O product. These HI-elimination reactions produce the two HI leaving groups observed experimentally and the H2C=O product further reacts with water to produce the other final CH2(OH)2 product observed in the photochemistry experiments. These results suggest that CH2I-I is the species that reacts with water to produce the CH2(OH)2 and 2HI products seen in the photochemistry experiments. The present study demonstrates that ultraviolet photolysis of CH2I2 at low concentration leads to efficient dehalogenation and release of multiple strong acid (HI) leaving groups. Some possible ramifications for the decomposition of polyhalomethanes and halomethanols in aqueous environments as well as the photochemistry of polyhalomethanes in the natural environment are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Ming Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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Long J, Yuan Y, Shi Y. Asymmetric Simmons-Smith cyclopropanation of unfunctionalized olefins. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 125:13632-3. [PMID: 14599180 DOI: 10.1021/ja030488e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a promising asymmetric cyclopropanation system for unfunctionalized olefins using readily available dipeptide N-Boc-l-Val-l-Pro-OMe as ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Long
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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Lorenz JC, Long J, Yang Z, Xue S, Xie Y, Shi Y. A Novel Class of Tunable Zinc Reagents (RXZnCH2Y) for Efficient Cyclopropanation of Olefins. J Org Chem 2004; 69:327-34. [PMID: 14725443 DOI: 10.1021/jo030312v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A class of zinc reagents (RXZnCH(2)Y) generated with an appropriate organozinc is very effective for the cyclopropanation of olefins. The reactivity and selectivity of these reagents can be regulated by tuning the electronic and steric nature of the RX group on Zn. A reasonable level of enantioselectivity was obtained for the cyclopropanation of unfunctionalized olefins when a chiral (iodomethyl)zinc species was used, providing a valuable approach for the asymmetric cyclopropanation of unfunctionalized olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon C Lorenz
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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Denmark SE, O'Connor SP. Catalytic, Enantioselective Cyclopropanation of Allylic Alcohols. Substrate Generality. J Org Chem 1997; 62:584-594. [PMID: 11671453 DOI: 10.1021/jo961859v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic, enantioselective cyclopropanation of a broad range of allylic alcohols and one homoallylic alcohol was carried out. The cyclopropanation reagent employed was bis(iodomethyl)zinc generated by the method of Furukawa, and the chiral promoter used (10 mol %) was the N,N-bis(methanesulfonyl) derivative of (R,R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane. Three experimental features were found to be critical for the rapid and selective cyclopropanation: (1) use of the ethylzinc alkoxide of the allylic alcohol as the substrate by prior deprotonation of the allylic alcohols by diethylzinc, (2) the formation of the zinc complex of the promoter by prior deprotonation of the bis-sulfonamide with diethylzinc, and (3) the use of added zinc iodide generated in situ from diethylzinc and iodine. The stereoselectivity of cyclopropanation was found to be independent of olefin geometry and worked well for substrates bearing both aliphatic and aromatic substituents at either or both 3-positions of the allylic alcohol. However, a methyl substituent on the 2-position of the allyl alcohol was not well tolerated and led to slow reactions and poor enantioselectivities. A rationale for the observed selectivities is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E. Denmark
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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Beruben D, Marek I, Labaudinière L, Normant JF. Cyclic stereocontrol via organobismetallic reagents. Part V. Diastereoselective synthesis of substituted cyclopropyl zinc reagents by the metalla-claisen reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)77599-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mash EA, Nelson KA. Homochiral ketals in organic synthesis. Diastereoselective cyclopropanation of α,β-unsaturated ketals derived from 1,4-D1-O-benzyl-l-threitol. Tetrahedron 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)90002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Scholl B, Hansen HJ. Stereochemical Analysis of an Aromatic Triplet Di-?-methane Rearrangement. Helv Chim Acta 1986. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19860690821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Furukawa J, Kawabata N. Organozinc Compounds in Synthesis. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3055(08)60451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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Sawada S, Inouye Y. Partial Asymmetric Synthesis in the Simmons-Smith Reaction. III. A Modification of the Reaction. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1969. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.42.2669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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