1
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Bhattacharya S, Nevonen DE, Auty AJ, Graf A, Appleby M, Chaudhri N, Chekulaev D, Brückner C, Chauvet AAP, Nemykin VN. Photophysical Exploration of Two Isomers of Octaethyltrioxopyrrocorphin. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7694-7706. [PMID: 37690121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of three β-oxosubstituents to octaethylporphyrin by means of an oxidation/rearrangement reaction generates the trioxopyrrocorphin chromophore. Pyrrocorphins (hexahydroporphyrins) are generally nonaromatic, but we recently demonstrated trioxopyrrocorphins to possess considerable aromatic character. This contribution explores the photophysical characteristics of these unusual chromophores. In agreement with density functional theory modeling, the UV-vis and magnetic circular dichroism spectra of the two─out of the four possible─triketone regioisomers investigated conform to the Gouterman model of porphyrinoid optical spectra, in alignment with their aromaticity. Their excited-state dynamics shed further light on the degree to which β-oxo substitutions tune the photophysical properties of porphyrinoids. Introduction of β-oxo functionalities increases the rate and yield of intersystem crossing and shortens the triplet state lifetime. Unexpectedly, the singlet oxygen generation yield of both pyrrocorphins remains relatively high, with modes of distortion from planarity likely enhancing triplet energy transfer. This work thus expands our understanding of a rare class of porphyrinoids and further characterizes them as sustaining aromatic porphyrinic π-systems. Our findings suggest triple β-oxo substitution as a viable route toward the development of novel, high-singlet oxygen yield porphyrinic photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Dustin E Nevonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Dr., Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
| | - Alexander J Auty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Arthur Graf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Martin Appleby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Nivedita Chaudhri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Dimitri Chekulaev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Adrien A P Chauvet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Victor N Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Dr., Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
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2
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AbuSalim DI, Lash TD. Aromatic Character and Relative Stability of Pyrazoloporphyrin Tautomers and Related Protonated Species: Insights into How Pyrazole Changes the Properties of Carbaporphyrinoid Systems. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062854. [PMID: 36985826 PMCID: PMC10056226 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrazoloporphyrins (PzPs), which are porphyrin analogues incorporating a pyrazole subunit, are examples of carbaporphyrin-type structures with a carbon atom within the macrocyclic cavity. DFT calculations were used to assess a series of 17 PzP tautomers, nine monoprotonated species and four related diprotonated PzP dications. The geometries of the structures were optimized using M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p), and the relative stabilities computed with the cc-PVTZ functional. Nucleus independent chemical shifts, both NICS(0) and NICS(1)zz, were calculated, and the anisotropy of the induced current density (AICD) plots were generated for all of the species under investigation. The results for free base PzPs show that fully aromatic PzP tautomers are not significantly more stable than weakly aromatic cross-conjugated species. In addition, strongly aromatic structures with internal CH2's are much less stable, a feature that is also seen for protonated PzPs. The degree of planarity for the individual macrocycles does not significantly correlate with the stability of these structures. The results allow significant aromatic conjugation pathways to be identified in many cases, and provide insights into the aromatic properties of this poorly studied system. These investigations also complement experimental results for PzPs and emphasize the need for further studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyaa I AbuSalim
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790-4160, USA
| | - Timothy D Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790-4160, USA
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3
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Białek MJ, Hurej K, Furuta H, Latos-Grażyński L. Organometallic chemistry confined within a porphyrin-like framework. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2082-2144. [PMID: 36852929 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00784c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The world of modified porphyrins changed forever when an N-confused porphyrin (NCP), a porphyrin isomer, was first published in 1994. The replacement of one inner nitrogen with a carbon atom revolutionised the chemistry that one is able to perform within the coordination cavity. One could explore new pathways in the organometallic chemistry of porphyrins by forcing a carbon fragment from the ring or an inner substituent to sit close to an inserted metal ion. Since the NCP discovery, a series of modifications became available to tune the coordination properties of the cavity, introducing a fascinating realm of carbaporphyrins. The review surveys all possible carbatetraphyrins(1.1.1.1) and their spectacular coordination and organometallic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał J Białek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Karolina Hurej
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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4
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Toganoh M, Furuta H. Creation from Confusion and Fusion in the Porphyrin World─The Last Three Decades of N-Confused Porphyrinoid Chemistry. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8313-8437. [PMID: 35230807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Confusion is a novel concept of isomerism in porphyrin chemistry, delivering a steady stream of new chemistry since the discovery of N-confused porphyrin, a porphyrin mutant, in 1994. These days, the number of confused porphyrinoids is increasing, and confusion and associated fusion are found in various fields such as supramolecular chemistry, materials chemistry, biological chemistry, and catalysts. In this review, the birth and growth of confused porphyrinoids in the last three decades are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Toganoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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5
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Rath H, Halder N, Narayanasamy R, Usharani D. Chemical transformation of Doubly N-Confused Porphodimethene to variants of (anti)Aromatic Doubly N-Confused Porphyrinoids and σ aromatic Doubly N-Confused Isophlorinoid. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00160h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemical conversion of non-aromatic trans-doubly N-confused porphodimethene to hitherto unknown variants of doubly N-confused porphyrinoids/isophlorinoid have been unravelled by precise interplay between the types of oxidants, the types of meso-aryl...
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6
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Yamasumi K, Notsuka Y, Yamaoka Y, Mori S, Ishida M, Furuta H. Synthesis of Helically π‐Extended N‐Confused Porphyrin Dimer via
meso
‐Bipyrrole‐Bridge with Near‐Infrared‐II Absorption Capability. Chemistry 2020; 26:13590-13594. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Yamasumi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering Center for Molecular Systems Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yusuke Notsuka
- Graduate School of Advanced Health Sciences Saga University Saga 840-8502 Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Yamaoka
- Graduate School of Advanced Health Sciences Saga University Saga 840-8502 Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Support Center Ehime University Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering Center for Molecular Systems Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering Center for Molecular Systems Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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7
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Sahoo S, Sangeetha M, Bera S, Usharani D, Rath H. Targeted synthesis of meso-aryl substituted aromatic trans-doubly N-confused dithia/diselena [18] porphyrins (1.1.1.1) with NIR absorption: spectroscopic and theoretical characterization. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6058-6062. [PMID: 32716019 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01243b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High yield synthesis and spectroscopic isolation of two hitherto unknown highly stable single conformers of meso-aryl substituted dithia/diselena trans-doubly N-confused porphyrins with fully π-conjugated [18] annulene structures are reported. In-depth solution state spectroscopic measurements and DFT level theoretical calculations strongly show the distinct aromaticity with strong NIR absorption of these new macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Sahoo
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S.C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India.
| | - Mohandas Sangeetha
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 700020, Karnataka, India.
| | - Soumita Bera
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S.C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India.
| | - Dandamudi Usharani
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 700020, Karnataka, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (ACSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harapriya Rath
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S.C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India.
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8
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Ishizuka T, Sakashita R, Iwanaga O, Morimoto T, Mori S, Ishida M, Toganoh M, Takegoshi K, Osuka A, Furuta H. NH Tautomerism of N-Confused Porphyrin: Solvent/Substituent Effects and Isomerization Mechanism. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5756-5769. [PMID: 32559101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c04779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of substituents and solvents on the NH tautomerism of N-confused porphyrin (2) were investigated. The structures, electronic states, and aromaticity of NH tautomers (2-2H and 2-3H) were studied by absorption and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C, and 15N) spectroscopies, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and theoretical calculations. The relative stability of the tautomers is highly affected by solvents, with the 3H-type tautomer being more stable in nonpolar solvents, while the 2H-type tautomer being highly stabilized in polar solvents with high donor numbers such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), pyridine, and acetone. Electron-withdrawing groups on the meso-aryl substituents as well as the methyl group at the ortho position also stabilize the 2H-type tautomer. Kinetically, the tautomerism rate is significantly influenced by solvent and concentration, and a particularly large activation entropy (ΔS⧧) is obtained in pyridine. The first-order deuterium isotope effect on the reaction rates of NH tautomerism (kH/kD) is determined to be 2.4 at 298 K. On the basis of kinetic data, the mechanism of isomerization is identified as an intramolecular process, including the rotation of the confused pyrrole in pyridine/chloroform and DMF/chloroform mixed solvent systems, and as a pyridine-mediated process in pyridine alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Ishizuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sakashita
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Osamu Iwanaga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji 192-0982, Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Motoki Toganoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Takegoshi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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9
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Tuersun M, Kerim A. A study on the aromaticity and magnetic properties of N-confused porphyrins. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:200069. [PMID: 32874619 PMCID: PMC7428255 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, topological resonance energy (TRE) methods were used to describe the global aromaticity of nitrogen confused porphyrin (NCP) isomers. The TRE results show that all NCP isomers exhibit lower aromaticity than the normal porphyrins, and their aromaticity decreases as the number of confused pyrrole rings in the molecule increases. In the NCPs, global aromaticity decreases as the distance between the nitrogen atoms increases. The bond resonance energy (BRE) and circuit resonance energy (CRE) indices were applied to study local aromaticity and conjugated pathways. Both the BRE and CRE indices revealed that individual pyrrolic subunits maintain their strong aromatic character and are the main source of global aromaticity. Ring currents (RC) were analysed using the Hückel-London model. RC results revealed that the macrocyclic electron conjugation pathway is the main source of diatropicity. As the number of confused pyrrole rings in the molecule increases, its diatropicity gradually decreases. In the confused pyrrole rings of the NCP isomers, the diatropic RC passing through the β-positions is always weaker than that passing through the inner sections. This is unrelated to the location of the protonated or non-protonated nitrogen atom at the periphery of the molecule and must be ascribed to the unique properties of the confused pyrrole rings.
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10
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Grover N, Sankar M. N-Confused Porphyrin - A Unique "Turn-On" Chemosensor for CN - and F - ions and "Turn-Off" Sensor for ClO 4 - ions. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2192-2197. [PMID: 32468689 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
N-Confused meso-tetrakis(4-carbomethoxyphenyl)porphyrin (1) and its Ni(II) complex (1 a) have been synthesized and utilized for anion sensing studies, and the results are compared with N-confused meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (NCTPP). Anion susceptibilities of 1 and 1 a were investigated using spectroscopic, electrochemical, and DFT studies. Porphyrins 1 and 1 a were able to detect CN- , F- , and ClO4 - ions selectively over the tested set of anions even at ppm level. Interestingly, the addition of ClO4 - ions resulted in fluorescence quenching (turn off) whereas the addition of F- or CN- resulted in fluorescence enhancement (turn on). Notably, the TFA addition resulted in fluorescence quenching, whereas the fluorescence enhancement was observed while adding TBAOH. The higher association constant (Ka ) values with anions, lower detection limit, and shifts in redox potentials are due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the -COOCH3 group at the para-position of the meso-phenyl ring. This electron-withdrawing nature is crucial for the higher affinity towards anions. The anion sensing description in this article may not only unveil the built-in nature of N-confused porphyrins, but may also provide a general proposal for the development of novel anion sensors based on porphyrinoids. The electron-deficient porphyrin framework, large polarisable π-system, and anion binding through the outer NH or a combination of the above factors serve as a foundation for N-confused porphyrin to act as an anion sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Grover
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
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11
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Ching WM, Chen PPY, Hung CH. A mechanistic study of nitrite reduction on iron(ii) complexes of methylated N-confused porphyrins. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:15087-15094. [PMID: 29067375 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02869e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Proton delivery to the prosthetic group is a crucial step to sustain the activity of nitrite reductase. An iron N-confused porphyrin (NCP) complex, which is capable of relaying protons from the outer pyrrolic nitrogen (Nout-H) of the inverted pyrrole ring to the axial coordinated ligand, has been demonstrated to facilitate facile nitrite reduction. Time-dependent FTIR studies on the reaction between [FeII(HCTPPMe)Br] (1) and a nitrite anion revealed a two-step process involving conversion of the starting complex 1 to an {Fe(NO)}7 intermediate, [Fe(CTPPMe)(NO)] (5), before the detection of [Fe(CTPPCH2)(NO)] (3), an {Fe(NO)}6 end product. Moreover, spectroscopic data confirm that Nout-H on the NCP core is indispensable to the proceeding of the nitrite reduction reaction. Mass spectra have detected the coordination of a nitrite to the iron center while DFT theoretical calculations suggest that subsequent intramolecular proton transfer to a nitro group to form [Fe(CTPPMe)(HNO2)] (6a) evokes a homolytic N-OH bond fission on axial nitrous acid due to an enhanced π-back-bonding to produce an {Fe(NO)}7 intermediate and to release a hydroxyl radical. The subsequent oxidation of an {Fe(NO)}7 intermediate by the hydroxyl radical gave the final product, {Fe(NO)}6 [Fe(CTPPCH2)(NO)] (3). This study illustrates a proton assisted small molecule activation on the iron N-confused porphyrin coordination sphere and provides complemental insights into the mechanism of enzymatic nitrite reduction reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Min Ching
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115, Taiwan.
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12
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Khodov IA, Maltceva OV, Klochkov VV, Koifman OI, Mamardashvili NZ. N-Confused porphyrins: complexation and 1H NMR studies. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01814b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The complexation of 2-aza-21-carba-tetraphenylporphyrin and 2-aza-2-methyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21-carbaporphyrin with nickel and zinc acetates in organic solvents has been investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy and 1H NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya A. Khodov
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Ivanovo
- Russia
- Kazan Federal University
- Kazan
| | - Olga V. Maltceva
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Ivanovo
- Russia
| | | | - Oscar I. Koifman
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Ivanovo
- Russia
- Research Institute of Macroheterocycles
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology
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13
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Abstract
The use of cyclic polyene perimeter-model approaches, such as Gouterman's four-orbital model and Michl's perimeter model, to analyze trends in the electronic structures and optical properties of expanded, contracted, and isomeric porphyrins is described with an emphasis on the use of magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy to validate the results of TD-DFT calculations. Trends in the electronic structures and optical properties of isomeric porphyrins are examined by comparing the properties of porphycenes, corrphycenes, hemiporphycenes, isoporphycenes, N-confused and neoconfused porphyrins, and norroles, whereas those of ring-contracted porphyrins are examined by comparing the properties of subporphyrins, triphyrins, and vacataporphyrins. The ring-expanded compounds that are examined include cyclo[n]pyrroles, [22]pentaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1), sapphyrins, smaragdyrins, isosmaragdyrins, orangarins, ozaphyrins, [26]hexaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1.1), rubyrins, rosarins, amethyrins, isoamethyrins, bronzaphyrins, and doubly N-confused hexaphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Mack
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University , Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
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15
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Menéndez MI, López R, Yañez M, Cárdenas-Jirón G. Tautomerization mechanism and spectral properties of porphyrin–glucose complexes as models of antibacterial material. Theor Chem Acc 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-016-1878-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Yin YB. DFT study on deprotonation and protonation of porphyrins: How many protons can the porphyrin core take up? COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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AbuSalim DI, Lash TD. In Pursuit of Novel Porphyrin Isomers. Aromatic Character and Relative Stability of Conjugated Tetrapyrroles with Two Neo-Confused Rings or with Mixed Neo-Confused and N-Confused Subunits. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:11440-53. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b08682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deyaa I. AbuSalim
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Timothy D. Lash
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
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18
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Sakashita R, Ishida M, Furuta H. Spectroscopic and Theoretical Studies of Acid–Base Behaviors of N-Confused Porphyrins: Effects of meso-Aryl Substituents. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:1013-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jp512229k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Sakashita
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and ‡Education Center
for Global Leaders in Molecular Systems for Devices, Kyushu University, 744
Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and ‡Education Center
for Global Leaders in Molecular Systems for Devices, Kyushu University, 744
Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and ‡Education Center
for Global Leaders in Molecular Systems for Devices, Kyushu University, 744
Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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19
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Yang J, Gong X, Wang G. 1H/2H and azide/tetrazole isomerizations and their effects on the aromaticity and stability of azido triazoles. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14560g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
DFT studies on NAzTA, AAzTA, and AzTA show –NH2 facilitates but –NO2 impedes 1H/2H tautomerization. AZ/TZ isomerization of molecules with –N3 only is the easiest. 1H/2H tautomerization decreases while AZ/TZ isomerization increases the stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Xuedong Gong
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Guixiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
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20
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Abstract
Global and local aromaticities of triazoleporphyrazines were characterized using the graph theory of aromaticity and ring-current diamagnetism methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ablikim Kerim
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinjiang University
- Urumqi 830046, China
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21
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AbuSalim DI, Lash TD. Relative stability of benziporphyrin and naphthiporphyrin tautomers and the emergence of macrocyclic diatropicity. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:8719-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01659a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The conformations and relative stabilities of a series of benziporphyrin and naphthiporphyrin tautomers were calculated and the diatropic properties of each of these species were assessed. The results were in good agreement with experimental observations and allow favorable delocalization pathways to be identified.
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22
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Maeda H. Supramolecular Chemistry of Pyrrole-Based π-Conjugated Molecules. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20130219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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23
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AbuSalim DI, Lash TD. Relative Stability and Diatropic Character of Carbaporphyrin, Dicarbaporphyrin, Tricarbaporphyrin, and Quatyrin Tautomers. J Org Chem 2013; 78:11535-48. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4021198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deyaa I. AbuSalim
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160
| | - Timothy D. Lash
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160
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24
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AbuSalim DI, Lash TD. Aromatic character and relative stability of neo-confused porphyrin tautomers and related compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:8306-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42063a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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25
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Okujima T, Kikkawa T, Nakano H, Kubota H, Fukugami N, Ono N, Yamada H, Uno H. Retro-Diels-Alder Approach to the Synthesis of π-Expanded Azuliporphyrins and Their Porphyrinoid Aromaticity. Chemistry 2012; 18:12854-63. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Toganoh M, Gokulnath S, Kawabe Y, Furuta H. Synthesis and Reactivity of 5,10,15-Triaryl Doubly N-Confused Bilanes. Chemistry 2012; 18:4380-91. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Nojman E, Berlicka A, Szterenberg L, Latos-Grażyński L. Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) Thiaethyneporphyrins. Intramolecular Metal(II)−η2-CC Interaction inside a Porphyrinoid Frame. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:3247-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ic2027175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Nojman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street,
50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Berlicka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street,
50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ludmiła Szterenberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street,
50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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28
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Maeda H, Furuta H. N-confused porphyrins as new scaffolds for supramolecular architecture. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424604000052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The peripheral nitrogen of N -confused porphyrins ( NCP ) can serve as a hydrogen bonding donor and acceptor, and a metal coordination site as well. NCP forms versatile dimers with the assistance of metal ions such as Pd II, Pt II, Zn II, Cd II, Hg II, Mn II and Fe II. The square-planar divalent metal complexes of C 6 F 5-substituted NCP with Cu II, Ni II and Pd II act as efficient anion binding receptors. The doubly N -confused porphyrins ( N 2 CP ), possessing both N and NH at the periphery, form self-assembled 1-D hydrogen bonding networks, whose orientations differ in cis (zigzag) and trans (straight) isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Maeda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Japan
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29
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Toganoh M, Furuta H. Blooming of confused porphyrinoids—fusion, expansion, contraction, and more confusion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:937-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14633e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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30
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Ikeda S, Toganoh M, Easwaramoorthi S, Lim JM, Kim D, Furuta H. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of N-Fused Tetraphenylporphyrin Derivatives: Near-Infrared Organic Dye of [18]Annulenic Compounds. J Org Chem 2010; 75:8637-49. [PMID: 21082858 DOI: 10.1021/jo102128m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Ikeda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Motoki Toganoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shanmugam Easwaramoorthi
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Jong Min Lim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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31
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Toganoh M, Furuta H. Theoretical Study on Conformation and Electronic State of Hückel-Aromatic Multiply N-Confused [26]Hexaphyrins. J Org Chem 2010; 75:8213-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101856h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Toganoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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32
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Senge MO. Extroverted Confusion-Linus Pauling, Melvin Calvin, and Porphyrin Isomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 50:4272-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201003660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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33
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Senge MO. Extrovertierte Verwirrung - Linus Pauling, Melvin Calvin und Porphyrinisomere. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201003660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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34
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Structures and properties of novel 5,15-di[4-(5-acetylsulfanylpentyloxy)phenyl] porphyrin derivatives: Density functional theory calculations. Sci China Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-010-4083-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Maeda
- a Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , 606-8502, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- a Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , 606-8502, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- b Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyushu University , 812-8581, Fukuoka, Japan
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36
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Mandoj F, Nardis S, Pomarico G, Stefanelli M, Schiaffino L, Ercolani G, Prodi L, Genovese D, Zaccheroni N, Fronczek FR, Smith KM, Xiao X, Shen J, Kadish KM, Paolesse R. 6-Azahemiporphycene: a new member of the porphyrinoid family. Inorg Chem 2010; 48:10346-57. [PMID: 19795835 DOI: 10.1021/ic9014866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of 5,10,15-triarylcorrole with 4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole provides another example of corrole ring expansion to give the corresponding 6-azahemiporphycene, a novel porphyrin analogue. The facile oxidation of the corrole ring is a required step for the ring expansion and for this reason the reaction fails in the case of corroles bearing meso-phenyl groups carrying electron-withdrawing substituents. Steric requirements also limited the scope of the reaction, which is not successful in the case of 2,6-disubstituted meso-aryl corroles. The occurrence of an initial oxidation is further supported by formation of the 6-azahemiporphycene derivative when the reaction is carried out under the same conditions, using a 5- or a 10-isocorrole as starting material. (1)H NMR spectra and X-ray crystal characterization of 6-azahemiporphycene evidenced the presence of an intramolecular N-H...N hydrogen bond in the inner core of the macrocycle, while photophysical characterization confirmed the aromatic character of the novel macrocycle, showing an intense Soret-like band around 410 nm in the absorption spectrum. The fluorescence emission is very modest, and 6-azahemiporphycene showed higher photostability than the corresponding corrole species. Different metal complexes of 6-azahemiporphycene were prepared following synthetic protocols usually exploited for the preparation of metalloporphyrins, demonstrating good coordination properties for the macrocycle. Both the free-base and metal derivatives were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry in dichloromethane and benzonitrile. To further detail the behavior of this novel macrocycle, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out on the basic structure of 6-azahemiporphycene with the aim of assessing aromaticity and tautomerism, as well as calculating its stability with respect to the 5-aza isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Mandoj
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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37
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Nakabuchi T, Nakashima M, Fujishige S, Nakano H, Matano Y, Imahori H. Synthesis and Reactions of Phosphaporphyrins: Reconstruction of π-Skeleton Triggered by Oxygenation of a Core Phosphorus Atom. J Org Chem 2009; 75:375-89. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902060b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakabuchi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakashima
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shinya Fujishige
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Haruyuki Nakano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matano
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
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38
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Toganoh M, Furuta H. Theoretical Study on Rotation of Pyrrole Rings in Porphyrin and N-Confused Porphyrin. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:13953-63. [DOI: 10.1021/jp906126g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Toganoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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39
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Abstract
We report here the chemical bonding and aromaticity patterns in metalloporphyrins, which were obtained with density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the OPBE/TZP level. This level of theory was previously shown to be very accurate for determining spin-state splittings [J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2008, 4, 2057] of transition-metal complexes. We considered metalloporphyrins along the first-row transition metals (Sc–Zn) extended with alkaline-earth metals (Mg, Ca) and several second-row transition metals (Ru, Pd, Ag, Cd). An energy decomposition analysis was performed to study the metal–ligand interactions, which showed that almost all complexes are significantly stabilized through (covalent) orbital interactions. The only exception is with calcium as the central metal, which interacts with the porphyrin mainly through electrostatic interactions. Furthermore, we studied aromaticity patterns for these complexes by looking at a number of (structural and electronic) aromaticity descriptors, for both the inner-ring and outer-ring of the porphyrin and of the pyrroles. The inner-ring (N16) aromaticity is shown to be unaffected by metal complexation, while the outer-ring (N20) and the pyrrole (N5) aromaticities are found to increase significantly in the metal coordinated porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Feixas
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcel Swart
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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40
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Zakharov AV, Stryapan MG, Islyaikin MK. Structure, electronic and vibrational spectra and aromaticity of hemiporphyrazine and its hydrates: A density functional theory study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2009.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Sprutta N, Maćkowiak S, Kocik M, Szterenberg L, Lis T, Latos-Grażyński L. Tetraazuliporphyrin Tetracation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200900496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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42
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Sprutta N, Maćkowiak S, Kocik M, Szterenberg L, Lis T, Latos-Grażyński L. Tetraazuliporphyrin Tetracation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:3337-41. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200900496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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43
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Aromaticity and Tautomerism in Porphyrins and Porphyrinoids. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-68343-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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44
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Zhang Z, Shin JY, Dolphin D. Facile Synthesis of Unsubstituted β,β′-Linked Diformyldipyrromethanes. J Org Chem 2008; 73:9515-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo802114h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ji-Young Shin
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - David Dolphin
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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45
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Cárdenas-Jirón GI, Venegas C, López R, Menéndez MI. Theoretical Insight into Pyrrole Inversion and Planarity in 5,10,15,20-Tetraphenylsapphyrin and 5,10,15,20-Tetraphenyl-26,28-Diheterosapphyrins with Two O, S, or Se Atoms. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:8100-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp801368c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Inés Cárdenas-Jirón
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile, and Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos Venegas
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile, and Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ramón López
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile, and Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Menéndez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile, and Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
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46
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Jiménez-Osés G, García J, Silva A, Santos A, Tomé A, Neves M, Cavaleiro J. Mechanistic insights on the site selectivity in successive 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions to meso-tetraarylporphyrins. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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47
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Młodzianowska A, Latos-Grażyński L, Szterenberg L. Phosphorus Complexes ofN-Fused Porphyrin and Its Reduced Derivatives: New Isomers of Porphyrin Stabilized via Coordination. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:6364-74. [DOI: 10.1021/ic800437y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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48
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Pacholska-Dudziak E, Skonieczny J, Pawlicki M, Szterenberg L, Ciunik Z, Latos-Grażyński L. Palladium Vacataporphyrin Reveals Conformational Rearrangements Involving Hückel and Möbius Macrocyclic Topologies. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:6182-95. [DOI: 10.1021/ja711039c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Pacholska-Dudziak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50 383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Janusz Skonieczny
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50 383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Miłosz Pawlicki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50 383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ludmiła Szterenberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50 383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Ciunik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50 383 Wrocław, Poland
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49
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Sprutta N, Siczek M, Latos-Grażyński L, Pawlicki M, Szterenberg L, Lis T. Dioxadiazuliporphyrin: A Near-IR Redox Switchable Chromophore. J Org Chem 2007; 72:9501-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo7015218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natasza Sprutta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street, Wrocław 50 383, Poland
| | - Marta Siczek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street, Wrocław 50 383, Poland
| | | | - Miłosz Pawlicki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street, Wrocław 50 383, Poland
| | - Ludmiła Szterenberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street, Wrocław 50 383, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street, Wrocław 50 383, Poland
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50
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Stepień M, Latos-Grazyński L, Szterenberg L. 22-Hydroxybenziporphyrin: Switching of Antiaromaticity by Phenol−Keto Tautomerization. J Org Chem 2007; 72:2259-70. [PMID: 17378535 DOI: 10.1021/jo0623437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
22-hydroxybenziporphyrin, a porphyrin analogue containing a phenol moiety, has been shown to exist as an equilibrium mixture of two distinctly different tautomers. One of them actually contains the hydroxy group and shows the local [6]annulene aromaticity in the phenol fragment. The other tautomer contains a keto group and exhibits a [20]annulenoid structure characterized by macrocyclic antiaromaticity. The tautomerization process has been investigated in detail using variable-temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy. The process is very fast, with an estimated activation energy of ca. 30 kJ/mol. Further insight into the energetics of the tautomerization is obtained from density functional (DFT) calculations. Surprisingly, the estimated energy of the antiaromatic keto species is 3-5 kcal/mol lower than the energy of the phenolic tautomer. The geometric and magnetic manifestations of aromaticity and antiaromaticity in the two tautomers are probed using a number of computational devices, including Wiberg bond indices, resonace weights derived from the harmonic oscillator model, and nucleus-independent chemical shifts. It is shown that mixing of phenolic and keto contributions in both tautomers is stronger than that in related tautomers of phenol. This effect is caused by extensive conjugation with the tripyrrolic unit of 22-hydroxybenziporphyrin and, to a lesser extent, by intramolecular hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Stepień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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