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Geurs S, Clarisse D, De Bosscher K, D'hooghe M. The Zinc-Binding Group Effect: Lessons from Non-Hydroxamic Acid Vorinostat Analogs. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37276138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes pursued as drug targets in various cancers and several non-oncological conditions, such as inflammation and neurodegenerative disorders. In the past decade, HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have emerged as relevant pharmaceuticals, with many efforts devoted to the development of new representatives. However, the growing safety concerns regarding the established hydroxamic acid-based HDAC inhibitors tend to drive current research more toward the design of inhibitors bearing alternative zinc-binding groups (ZBGs). This Perspective presents an overview of all non-hydroxamic acid ZBGs that have been incorporated into the clinically approved prototypical HDACi, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (vorinostat). This provides the unique opportunity to compare the inhibition potential and biological effects of different ZBGs in a direct way, as the compounds selected for this Perspective differ only in their ZBG. To that end, different strategies used to select a ZBG, its properties, activity, and liabilities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Geurs
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dorien Clarisse
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthias D'hooghe
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Squaraine-Based Optical Sensors: Designer Toolbox for Exploring Ionic and Molecular Recognitions. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9110302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule-based chromogenic and fluorogenic probes play an indispensable role in many sensing applications. Ideal optical chemosensors should provide selectivity and sensitivity towards a variety of analytes. Synthetic accessibility and attractive photophysical properties have made squaraine dyes an enticing platform for the development of chemosensors. This review highlights the versatility of modular assemblies of squaraine-based chemosensors and chemodosimeters that take advantage of the availability of various structurally and functionally diverse recognition motifs, as well as utilizing additional recognition capabilities due to the unique structural features of the squaraine ring.
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Grus T, Lahnif H, Klasen B, Moon ES, Greifenstein L, Roesch F. Squaric Acid-Based Radiopharmaceuticals for Tumor Imaging and Therapy. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1223-1231. [PMID: 34170116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Targeting vectors bound to a chelator represent a significant fraction of radiopharmaceuticals used nowadays for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in nuclear medicine. The use of squaramides as coupling units for chelator and targeting vector helps to circumvent the disadvantages of several common coupling methods. This review gives an overview of the use of squaric acid diesters (SADE) as linking agents. It focuses on the conjugation of cyclic chelators, e.g., DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid), as well as hybrid chelators like AAZTA5 (6-pentanoic acid-6-amino-1,4-diazepine tetracetic acid) or DATA5m (6-pentanoic acid-6-amino-1,4-diazapine-triacetate) to different targeting vectors, e.g., prostate-specific membrane antigen inhibitors (KuE; PSMAi), fibroblast activation protein inhibitors (FAPi), and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). An overview of the synthesis, radiolabeling, and in vitro and in vivo behavior of the described structures is given. The unique properties of SADE enable a fast and simple conjugation of chelators to biomolecules, peptides, and small molecules under mild conditions. Furthermore, SA-containing conjugates could not only display similar in vitro characteristics in terms of binding affinity when compared to reference compounds, but may even induce beneficial effects on the pharmacokinetic properties of these radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilmann Grus
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hanane Lahnif
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Benedikt Klasen
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Euy-Sung Moon
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lukas Greifenstein
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Roesch
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Bennett RM, Sun W, Wilson DC, Light ME, Harrowven DC. A new mode of cyclobutenedione ring opening for the synthesis of 2-oxobut-3-enamides and tetrasubstituted furans. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5694-5697. [PMID: 33982046 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02097h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A dichotomy between the additions of organolithiums and lithium amides to cyclobutenediones is described wherein the former give carbonyl addition products while the latter induce ring opening by enone cleavage via O- to C-lithium transfer. This distinct mode of ring scission gives access to 2-oxobut-3-enamides and tetrasubstituted furans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Bennett
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Wei Sun
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Dharyl C Wilson
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Mark E Light
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - David C Harrowven
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Agnew-Francis KA, Williams CM. Squaramides as Bioisosteres in Contemporary Drug Design. Chem Rev 2020; 120:11616-11650. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kylie A. Agnew-Francis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Craig M. Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Doherty W, Dürr EM, Baddock HT, Lee SY, McHugh PJ, Brown T, Senge MO, Scanlan EM, McGouran JF. A hydroxamic-acid-containing nucleoside inhibits DNA repair nuclease SNM1A. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:8094-8105. [PMID: 31380542 PMCID: PMC6984127 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01133a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nine modified nucleosides, incorporating zinc-binding pharmacophores, have been synthesised and evaluated as inhibitors of the DNA repair nuclease SNM1A. The series included oxyamides, hydroxamic acids, hydroxamates, a hydrazide, a squarate ester and a squaramide. A hydroxamic acid-derived nucleoside inhibited the enzyme, offering a novel approach for potential therapeutic development through the use of rationally designed nucleoside derived inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Doherty
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Eva-Maria Dürr
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Hannah T Baddock
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Sook Y Lee
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK and Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Peter J McHugh
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Tom Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Mathias O Senge
- Molecular Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Eoin M Scanlan
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Joanna F McGouran
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Yadav H, Sinha N, Goel S, Singh B, Bdikin I, Saini A, Gopalaiah K, Kumar B. Growth, crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface, optical, piezoelectric, dielectric and mechanical properties of bis(L-asparaginium hydrogensquarate) single crystal. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B-STRUCTURAL SCIENCE CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2017; 73:347-359. [DOI: 10.1107/s2052520617002906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecular organic single crystals of bis(L-asparaginium hydrogensquarate) monohydrate [BASQ; (C8H10N2O7)2·H2O] have been grown by solution technique. Crystallographic information was investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) analysis. Hirshfeld surface and fingerprint plot studies were performed to understand the intermolecular interactions of the BASQ crystal in graphical representation. Functional group identification was studied with FT–IR (Fourier transform–IR) spectroscopy. The positions of proton and carbon atoms in the BASQ compound were analyzed using NMR spectroscopy. High transparency and a wide band gap of 3.49 eV were observed in the linear optical study by UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy. Intense and broad photoluminescence emissions at room temperature were observed in blue and blue–green regions. The frontier molecular orbitals of the BASQ molecule were obtained by the DFT/B3LYP method employing 6-311G** as the basis set. The dielectric study was carried out with temperature at various frequency ranges. The piezoelectric charge coefficient (d33) value of BASQ crystal was found to be 2 pC/N, which leads to its application in energy harvesting, mechanical sensors and actuators applications. In the non-linear optical study, the BASQ crystal showed promising SHG conversion efficiency. Mechanical properties of the BASQ crystal were studied experimentally by Vicker's microhardness technique, which revealed that the grown crystal belonged to the softer category. BASQ crystal void estimation reveals the mechanical strength and porosity of the material.
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8
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Prohens R, Portell A, Font-Bardia M, Bauzá A, Frontera A. Experimental and theoretical study of weak intermolecular interactions in crystalline tertiary squaramides. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce01299j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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9
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Sanna E, López C, Ballester P, Rotger C, Costa A. Unexpected Squaramide-Induced Cleavage of Benzils: Synthesis and Characterization of Mono-Aroyl Squarimides. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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10
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Hickey SM, Ashton TD, Khosa SK, Robson RN, White JM, Li J, Nation RL, Yu HY, Elliott AG, Butler MS, Huang JX, Cooper MA, Pfeffer FM. Synthesis and evaluation of cationic norbornanes as peptidomimetic antibacterial agents. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:6225-41. [PMID: 25958967 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00621j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of structurally amphiphilic biscationic norbornanes have been synthesised as rigidified, low molecular weight peptidomimetics of cationic antimicrobial peptides. A variety of charged hydrophilic functionalities were attached to the norbornane scaffold including aminium, guanidinium, imidazolium and pyridinium moieties. Additionally, a range of hydrophobic groups of differing sizes were incorporated through an acetal linkage. The compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Activity was observed across the series; the most potent of which exhibited an MIC's ≤ 1 μg mL(-1) against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis and several strains of Staphylococcus aureus, including multi-resistant methicillin resistant (mMRSA), glycopeptide-intermediate (GISA) and vancomycin-intermediate (VISA) S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane M Hickey
- Research Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
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11
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Pal S, Chatterjee N, Bharadwaj PK. Selectively sensing first-row transition metal ions through fluorescence enhancement. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02054e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence signaling systems that give enhancement in the presence of first-row transition metal ions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchari Pal
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Nabanita Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Parimal K. Bharadwaj
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016, India
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12
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Mehrabi H, Anary-Abbasinejad M, Pour SA. The Formation of Squaramic Acids and Squaryl Diamides by the Reaction of Squaric Acid with Alkyl Isocyanides. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.3184/174751913x13677757448841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The reaction between squaric acid with one equivalent of alkyl isocyanides such as t-butyl isocyanide, cyclohexyl isocyanide and n-butyl isocyanide in ethanol at room temperature after 3h afforded the corresponding squaramic acid derivatives. Symmetric 2,4-squaryl diamides were obtained when the reaction of squaric acid was carried out with two equivalents of alkyl isocyanides under the same conditions. Asymmetric 2,4-squaryl diamides were obtained by reaction of squaramic acids with one equivalent of alkyl isocyanides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mehrabi
- Department of Chemistry, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 77176, Iran
| | | | - Sajjad Abbasi Pour
- Department of Chemistry, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 77176, Iran
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13
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Storer RI, Aciro C, Jones LH. Squaramides: physical properties, synthesis and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:2330-46. [PMID: 21399835 DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00200c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Squaramides are remarkable four-membered ring systems derived from squaric acid that are able to form up to four hydrogen bonds. A high affinity for hydrogen bonding is driven through a concomitant increase in aromaticity of the ring. This hydrogen bonding and aromatic switching, in combination with structural rigidity, have been exploited in many of the applications of squaramides. Substituted squaramides can be accessed via modular synthesis under relatively mild or aqueous conditions, making them ideal units for bioconjugation and supramolecular chemistry. In this tutorial review the fundamental electronic and structural properties of squaramides are explored to rationalise the geometry, conformation, reactivity and biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ian Storer
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent, CT13 9NJ, UK.
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Cui D, Prashar D, Sejwal P, Luk YY. Water-driven ligations using cyclic aminosquarates: a class of useful SN1-like reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:1348-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc03989f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ramroop-Singh N, Narinesingh D, Singh G, Seto CT, Comeau AB. The binding site of zinc and indium metal to amino acid derivatized squarate complexes - Implications in inhibitor and mediator designs. Bioorg Chem 2010; 38:234-41. [PMID: 20598337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Three novel metal squaric acid-peptide complexes, SQI-SQIII were prepared by addition of indium triflate or zinc chloride to the previously reported compounds [1], 3-(hydroxymethylamino)-4-(l-isoleucine methyl ester)-3-cyclobutene-1,2-dione (squarate 1), and 3-(hydroxymethylamino)-2-(l-isoleucine methyl ester)-4-thioxo-2-cyclobuten-1-one (squarate 2). The structures of SQI-SQIII were elucidated using NMR analysis. The electrochemical applications of two of these metal-squaric acid systems (SQI and SQII) were also investigated. Incorporation of SQII as a mediator, in the previously optimized Pt/p(HEMA)/p(pyrrole)/GOx electrode using the ionic liquid [bmim][BF(4)] as the solvent medium, produced a biosensor with enhanced properties, namely a sensitivity of 175.9mA/M d-glucose, working potential of +200mV, large linear range (0-12mM) and a detection limit of 1x10(-6)M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Ramroop-Singh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of The West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
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Lim NC, Pavlova SV, Brückner C. Squaramide Hydroxamate-Based Chemidosimeter Responding to Iron(III) with a Fluorescence Intensity Increase. Inorg Chem 2008; 48:1173-82. [DOI: 10.1021/ic801322x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel C. Lim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060
| | - Svetlana V. Pavlova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060
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Charton J, Leroux F, Delaroche S, Landry V, Déprez BP, Déprez-Poulain RF. Synthesis of a 200-member library of squaric acid N-hydroxylamide amides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4968-71. [PMID: 18760922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2008] [Revised: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 08/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report here the parallel synthesis of 200 compounds based on squaric acid template. These compounds are obtained via a one-step solution-phase procedure starting from three squaric acid N-hydroxylamide esters precursors. The set of diverse reagents qualified (amines, anilines, amino-alcohols and amino-esters) makes this strategy suitable for the search of biologically active compounds. The library was screened on the zinc metalloenzyme ADAMTS-5 and hits with IC(50) in the range of 1-50 microM were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Charton
- INSERM U761, Biostructures and Drug Discovery, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, Nord, Lille F-59006, France.
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Li J, Han Y, Freedman TB, Zhu S, Kerwood DJ, Luk YY. Utilizing the high dielectric constant of water: efficient synthesis of amino acid-derivatized cyclobutenones. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.01.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ivanovsky SA, Dorogov MV, Kravchenko DV, Ivachtchenko AV. Synthesis of the Substituted 3‐Cyclobutene‐1,2‐diones. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910701462716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ramalingam V, Bhagirath N, Muthyala RS. Copper-Mediated Synthesis of Tertiary Diaryl Squaramides. J Org Chem 2007; 72:3976-9. [PMID: 17419651 DOI: 10.1021/jo070393l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tertiary aryl squaramides were synthesized by using copper catalyzed C-N bond-formation with L-proline as the ligand. Symmetrical diaryl squaramides could be prepared in a one-pot reaction by using excess aryl bromide with varying yields. Unsymmetrical derivatives were prepared by sequential arylation. Yields of the diarylated products were highly sensitive to steric effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumar Ramalingam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367-1597, USA
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Hanessian S, Vinci V, Auzzas L, Marzi M, Giannini G. Exploring alternative Zn-binding groups in the design of HDAC inhibitors: Squaric acid, N-hydroxyurea, and oxazoline analogues of SAHA. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:4784-7. [PMID: 16870438 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Analogues of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) were prepared by replacing the Zn-binding group with squaric acid, N-hydroxyurea, and 4-hydroxymethyl oxazoline units, also varying the length of the aliphatic chain. No inhibitory activity on HDAC was observed below 1.0 microM and no cytotoxic activity on different tumor cell lines was seen below 20.0 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station Centre-ville, Montréal, Que., Canada H3C 3J7.
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Onaran MB, Comeau AB, Seto CT. Squaric acid-based peptidic inhibitors of matrix metalloprotease-1. J Org Chem 2005; 70:10792-802. [PMID: 16356002 PMCID: PMC2527039 DOI: 10.1021/jo0517848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] A series of squaric acid-peptide conjugates were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of MMP-1. The cyclobut-3-enedione core was substituted at the 3-position with several functional groups, such as -N(alkyl)OH, -NHOH, and -OH, that are designed to bind to the zinc atom in the active site of the metalloprotease. The 4-position of the cyclobut-3-enedione was derivatized with mono- or dipeptides that are designed to bind in the S1' and S2' subsites of the enzyme, and position the metal chelating group appropriately in the active site for binding to zinc. Positional scanning revealed that -N(Me)OH provided the highest level of inhibition among the chelating groups that were tested, and Leu-Tle-NHMe was the preferred amino acid sequence. A combination of these groups yielded an inhibitor with an IC50 value of 95 microM. For one inhibitor, conversion of one of the carbonyl groups on the cyclobut-3-enedione core to a thiocarbonyl group resulted in a 18-fold increase in potency, and yielded a compound with an IC50 value of 15 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Burak Onaran
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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