1
|
Cai T, Zhang Z, Li P, Sun T, Chen X, Ni Y, Chen J, Xu H, Xu Y, Wu C, Shen R, Gao Y. Radical Cascade Bicyclization/Aromatization of 1,7‐Enynes with 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds towards 2,3‐Dihydro‐1
H
‐cyclopenta[
a
]naphthalenes. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaoxing University Shaoxing 312000 People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fat-Soluble Vitamin Shaoxing 312000 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhebing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaoxing University Shaoxing 312000 People's Republic of China
| | - Peiqin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaoxing University Shaoxing 312000 People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaoxing University Shaoxing 312000 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaoxing University Shaoxing 312000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Ni
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaoxing University Shaoxing 312000 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaoxing University Shaoxing 312000 People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fat-Soluble Vitamin Shaoxing 312000 People's Republic of China
| | - Huiting Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaoxing University Shaoxing 312000 People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fat-Soluble Vitamin Shaoxing 312000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfei Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaoxing University Shaoxing 312000 People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fat-Soluble Vitamin Shaoxing 312000 People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaoxing University Shaoxing 312000 People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fat-Soluble Vitamin Shaoxing 312000 People's Republic of China
| | - Runpu Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaoxing University Shaoxing 312000 People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fat-Soluble Vitamin Shaoxing 312000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saha D, Taily IM, Kumar R, Banerjee P. Electrochemical rearrangement protocols towards the construction of diverse molecular frameworks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2464-2478. [PMID: 33616597 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00116g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rearrangement reactions constitute a critical facet of synthetic organic chemistry and demonstrate an attractive way to take advantage of existing structures to access various important molecular frameworks. Electroorganic chemistry has emerged as an environmentally benign approach to carry out organic transformations by directly employing an electric current and avoids the use of stoichiometric chemical oxidants. The last few years have witnessed a resurgence of electroorganic chemistry that has promoted a renaissance of interest in the development of novel redox electroorganic transformations. This review manifests the evolution of electrosynthesis in the area of rearrangement chemistry and covers the achievements in the field of migration, ring expansion, and rearrangements along with the mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debarshi Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India.
| | - Irshad Maajid Taily
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India.
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India.
| | - Prabal Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hu X, Zhang G, Bu F, Luo X, Yi K, Zhang H, Lei A. Photoinduced oxidative activation of electron-rich arenes: alkenylation with H 2 evolution under external oxidant-free conditions. Chem Sci 2017; 9:1521-1526. [PMID: 29675195 PMCID: PMC5887105 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04634k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An external oxidant-free cross-coupling of electron-rich arenes and styrenes was enabled by a dual photoredox-cobaloxime catalytic system.
The dehydrogenative cross-coupling of arenes and alkenes is a particularly ideal approach for the synthesis of aryl alkenes. Herein, we report a photo-induced C–H/C–H cross-coupling between electron-rich arenes and styrene derivatives using a dual catalytic system containing an acridinium photosensitizer and a cobaloxime proton-reducing catalyst. This catalytic system enables the Csp2–Csp2 bond formation accompanying H2 evolution. Various substituted aryl alkenes can be afforded with good to excellent yields and high β-regioselectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Hu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Guoting Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Faxiang Bu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Xu Luo
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Kebing Yi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Heng Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Aiwen Lei
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; .,State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ma X, Zhu Y, Lü S, Zhang L, Luo L, Jia X. Construction of quinoline-fused lactones and 2,3-disubstituted quinolines via catalytic aerobic sp3 C–H oxidation: application of fragment-reassembly strategy. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
5
|
Lü S, Zhu Y, Ma X, Jia X. What Happens When the Terminal Aromatization is Blocked? Construction of 1,2-Dihydroquinoline Derivatives bysp3CH Bond Oxidation ofN-Arylalaninates. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
6
|
Francke R, Little RD. Optimizing electron transfer mediators based on arylimidazoles by ring fusion: synthesis, electrochemistry, and computational analysis of 2-aryl-1-methylphenanthro[9,10-d]imidazoles. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 136:427-35. [PMID: 24328337 DOI: 10.1021/ja410865z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A significant improvement of the properties of redox catalysts based on the triarylimidazole framework can be achieved with a simple structural modification. By linking the ortho-carbons of the aromatics positioned at C-4 and C-5, a fused framework is generated, removing the distortion from planarity and enhancing the influence of the substituents on the redox properties. This modification leads not only to a much broader range of available redox potentials for the resulting phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazoles but also to improved stability of the corresponding radical cation. These concepts were verified with eight new phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole derivatives, using cyclic voltammetry and DFT calculations. For this purpose, an optimized and general synthetic route to the desired compounds was developed. An excellent linear correlation of the calculated effective ionization potentials with the experimental oxidation potentials was obtained, allowing for an accurate prediction of oxidation potentials of derivatives yet to be synthesized. Moreover, high catalytic activity was found for electro-oxidative C-H activation reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Francke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Blancafort L, Williams F. Role of Hyperconjugation in the 1,2-Shift Reactivity of Bicyclo[2.1.0]pentane and Cyclopropane Radical Cations: A Computational Study. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:10607-14. [DOI: 10.1021/jp307532b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Blancafort
- Institut de Química Computacional and
Department de Química, Universitat de Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Ffrancon Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zeng CC, Zhang NT, Lam CM, Little RD. Novel Triarylimidazole Redox Catalysts: Synthesis, Electrochemical Properties, and Applicability to Electrooxidative C–H Activation. Org Lett 2012; 14:1314-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol300195c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-chu Zeng
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China, and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California—Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Ni-tao Zhang
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China, and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California—Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Chiu Marco Lam
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China, and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California—Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - R. Daniel Little
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China, and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California—Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yao SJ, Wang HY, Zhang L, Guo YL. Study on reactions of long-lived phenoxathiin radical cation with aliphatic alcohols, phenol and phenyl halides in ambient condition by fused-droplet electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2011; 17:385-394. [PMID: 22006637 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
he reactions of phenoxathiin radical cations with diverse organic compounds in ambient conditions were realized by using fused-droplet electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. In the investigation, the phenoxathiin radical cation was prepared by electrospray ionization. The reactants included aliphatic alcohols, phenol and phenyl halides and the reaction studies showed the unique reactivity the of phenoxathiin radical cation towards neutral organic compounds in ambient conditions, which has not been revealed in previous studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Jun Yao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
In situ generated tris(p-bromophenyl)amine radical cation promoted electron transfer reaction of cyclopropyl silyl ethers. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.09.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
11
|
Park YS, Little RD. Rearrangements of electrochemically generated cation radicals: The quest for regiochemical control and an application to total synthesis. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
12
|
Hasegawa E, Ogawa Y, Kakinuma K, Tsuchida H, Tosaka E, Takizawa S, Muraoka H, Saikawa T. Tris(trimethylsilyl)silane promoted radical reaction and electron-transfer reaction in benzotrifluoride. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
13
|
Park YS, Little RD. Redox Electron-Transfer Reactions: Electrochemically Mediated Rearrangement, Mechanism, and a Total Synthesis of Daucene. J Org Chem 2008; 73:6807-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jo801199s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Sam Park
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - R. Daniel Little
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Siebert MR, Tantillo DJ. [3,3]-Sigmatropic Shifts of N-Allylhydrazones: Quantum Chemical Comparison of Concerted and Radical Cation Pathways. Org Lett 2008; 10:3219-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ol801107j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Siebert
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis California 95616
| | - Dean J. Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis California 95616
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Park YS, Wang SC, Tantillo DJ, Little RD. A Highly Selective Rearrangement of a Housane-Derived Cation Radical: An Electrochemically Mediated Transformation. J Org Chem 2007; 72:4351-7. [PMID: 17497802 DOI: 10.1021/jo070190x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To utilize housane-derived cation radicals as intermediates for the synthesis of the bicyclo (n.3.0) framework of natural products, a highly regioselective [1,2] shift of carbon to either a radical or an electron-deficient site is required. Herein we describe how this has been accomplished, provide a set of guidelines to assess housane oxidizability prior to its synthesis, and describe a synthesis of housane 18 that capitalizes upon the facility of [1,5] hydrogen shifts in substituted cyclopentadienes. The catalytic electrochemically mediated oxidation of 18 leads to a cation radical that engages in a rearrangement leading to the (4.3.0) adduct 23. The appearance of a catalytic current in the cyclic voltammogram of a solution containing the tris(aryl)amine and housane 18 is an excellent indicator that the amminium cation radical 14*+ is able to oxidize the housane and return the mediator to the original redox couple. DFT calculations show electron density on both the aryl and strained sigma framework in the HOMO of housane 18. From the spin density and electrostatic potential map for the cation radical, a picture where the spin resides on the side that is distal to the substituent emerges, while the hole is proximal to it. Both experiment and theory show that the rearrangement is best characterized as a [1,2] carbon shift toward an electron-deficient site and that migration toward the substituent-bearing carbon is much preferred over the alternative pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Sam Park
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|