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Komissarov L, Krep L, Schmalz F, Kopp WA, Leonhard K, Verstraelen T. A Reactive Molecular Dynamics Study of Chlorinated Organic Compounds. Part I: Force Field Development. Chemphyschem 2022; 24:e202200786. [PMID: 36585384 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a novel parametrization for the ReaxFF formalism as a means to investigate reaction processes of chlorinated organic compounds. Force field parameters cover the chemical elements C, H, O, Cl and were obtained using a novel optimization approach involving relaxed potential energy surface scans as training targets. The resulting ReaxFF parametrization shows good transferability, as demonstrated on two independent ab initio validation sets. While this first part of our two-paper series focuses on force field parametrization, we apply our parameters to the simulation of chlorinated dibenzofuran formation and decomposition processes in Part II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Komissarov
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark - Zwijnaarde 46, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lukas Krep
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, North Rhine - Westphalia, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Schmalz
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, North Rhine - Westphalia, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wassja A Kopp
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, North Rhine - Westphalia, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kai Leonhard
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, North Rhine - Westphalia, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Toon Verstraelen
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark - Zwijnaarde 46, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Krep L, Schmalz F, Solbach F, Komissarov L, Nevolianis T, Kopp WA, Verstraelen T, Leonhard K. A Reactive Molecular Dynamics Study of Chlorinated Organic Compounds. Part II: A ChemTraYzer Study of Chlorinated Dibenzofuran Formation and Decomposition Processes. Chemphyschem 2022; 24:e202200783. [PMID: 36511423 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In our two-paper series, we first present the development of ReaxFF CHOCl parameters using the recently published ParAMS parametrization tool. In this second part, we update the reactive Molecular Dynamics - Quantum Mechanics coupling scheme ChemTraYzer and combine it with our new ReaxFF parameters from Part I to study formation and decomposition processes of chlorinated dibenzofurans. We introduce a self-learning method for recovering failed transition-state searches that improves the overall ChemTraYzer transition-state search success rate by 10 percentage points to a total of 48 %. With ChemTraYzer, we automatically find and quantify more than 500 reactions using transition state theory and DFT. Among the discovered chlorinated dibenzofuran reactions are numerous reactions that are new to the literature. In three case studies, we discuss the set of reactions that are most relevant to the dibenzofuran literature: (i) bimolecular reactions of the chlorinated-dibenzofuran precursors phenoxy radical and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene, (ii) dibenzofuran chlorination and pyrolysis, and (iii) oxidation of chlorinated dibenzofurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Krep
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, North Rhine-Westphalia, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Schmalz
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, North Rhine-Westphalia, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian Solbach
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, North Rhine-Westphalia, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Leonid Komissarov
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 46, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Nevolianis
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, North Rhine-Westphalia, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wassja A Kopp
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, North Rhine-Westphalia, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Toon Verstraelen
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 46, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kai Leonhard
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, North Rhine-Westphalia, 52062, Aachen, Germany
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Romano RM, Moreno Betancourt A, Della Védova CO, Zeng X, Beckers H, Willner H, Schwabedissen J, Mitzel NW. Preparation and Properties of Chlorosulfuryl Chloroformate, ClC(O)OSO 2Cl. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:14834-14842. [PMID: 30444121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The novel chlorosulfuryl chloroformate, ClC(O)OSO2Cl, was prepared by the reaction of CCl4 and SO3. Alternatively, the compound was obtained from the direct insertion reaction of SO3 to Cl2C═O. The latter reaction constitutes also a confirmation of the proposed mechanism for the former one. Density functional theory and MP2 theoretical approximations predict the existence of two conformers, syn-gauche and syn-anti, depending on the value adopted by the dihedral angles ϕ(Cl-C-O-S) and ϕ(C-O-S-Cl). The structure of the syn-gauche conformer was determined by gas-phase electron diffraction (GED). The existence of the syn-anti conformer can be neither confirmed nor excluded by the GED experiment. Vibrational spectra (vapor-phase and argon-matrix Fourier transform infrared and liquid Fourier transform Raman) were interpreted by an equilibrium mixture between both conformers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana M Romano
- CEQUINOR (UNLP, CCT-CONICET La Plata), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas , Universidad Nacional de La Plata . Boulevard 120, N° 1465 , La Plata CP1900 , Argentina
| | - Angélica Moreno Betancourt
- CEQUINOR (UNLP, CCT-CONICET La Plata), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas , Universidad Nacional de La Plata . Boulevard 120, N° 1465 , La Plata CP1900 , Argentina
| | - Carlos O Della Védova
- CEQUINOR (UNLP, CCT-CONICET La Plata), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas , Universidad Nacional de La Plata . Boulevard 120, N° 1465 , La Plata CP1900 , Argentina
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Helmut Beckers
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie , FU Berlin , Fabeckstraße 34/36 , Berlin 14195 , Germany
| | - Helge Willner
- FB C, Anorganische Chemie , Bergische Universität Wuppertal , Gaußstraße 20 , Wuppertal 42119 , Germany
| | - Jan Schwabedissen
- Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie , Universität Bielefeld , Universitätsstraße 25 , Bielefeld 33615 , Germany
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie , Universität Bielefeld , Universitätsstraße 25 , Bielefeld 33615 , Germany
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Lee I, Kwon JE, Kang Y, Kim KC, Kim BG. Instantaneous Detection of Trichlorinated Carbon via Photo-Induced Electron Transfer toward Chemosensor for Toxic Organochlorides. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1831-1837. [PMID: 30117732 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite the usefulness of organochlorides as raw materials for organic synthesis, they cause several issues in the human body, such as hepatic dysfunction, tumor, and heavy damage to the central nervous system. Especially when organochlorides contain three or more chlorinated carbons, they tend to be more toxic to the human body possibly owing to relatively high reactivity. Several electron donors (TPCAs) are designed to devise a novel detection system for toxic organochlorides containing trichlorinated carbons, and the detection mechanism of the devised sensor system is systematically identified by EPR measurement and the analysis of the solution after the detection of chloroform, which is used as a model compound. Since the detection system simultaneously utilizes the radical-generation capability and the low LUMO level of the trichlorinated carbon, it provides high selectivity against most of the common organic compounds including other organochlorides containing mono- or dichlorinated carbons, and the outstanding selectivity of the designed sensor has been verified with Mirex composed of numerous chlorinated carbons. In addition, the detection system exhibits immediate sensing capability because only electron transfer and radical reaction are involved in the detection process. Finally, when diphosgene is detected with the devised sensing platform, a noticeable change in fluorescence intensities can be identified within 5 s even for a diphosgene concentration of less than 1 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkyu Lee
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eon Kwon
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongkwon Kang
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Chul Kim
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Gi Kim
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Lizardo-Huerta JC, Sirjean B, Verdier L, Fournet R, Glaude PA. Thermal Decomposition of Phosgene and Diphosgene. J Phys Chem A 2017; 122:249-257. [PMID: 29215282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b09554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phosgene (COCl2) is a toxic compound used or formed in a wide range of applications. The understanding of its thermal decomposition for destruction processes or in the event of accidental fire of stored reserves is a major safety issue. In this study, a detailed chemical kinetic model for the thermal decomposition and combustion of phosgene and diphosgene is proposed for the first time. A large number of thermo-kinetic parameters were calculated using quantum chemistry and reaction rate theory. The model was validated against experimental pyrolysis data from the literature. It is predicted that the degradation of diphosgene is mainly ruled by a pericyclic reaction producing two molecules of phosgene and, to a lesser extent, by a roaming radical reaction yielding CO2 and CCl4. Phosgene is much more stable than diphosgene under high-temperature conditions, and its decomposition starts at higher temperatures. Decomposition products are CO and Cl2. An equimolar mixture of the latter molecules can be considered as a surrogate of phosgene from the kinetic point of view, but the important endothermic effect of the decomposition reaction can lead to different behaviors, for instance, in the case of autoignition under high pressure and high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Carlos Lizardo-Huerta
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Université de Lorraine , 1 rue Grandville BP 20451 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Baptiste Sirjean
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Université de Lorraine , 1 rue Grandville BP 20451 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Verdier
- DGA Maîtrise NRBC, Site du Bouchet, 5 rue Lavoisier, BP n°3, 91710 Vert le Petit, France
| | - René Fournet
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Université de Lorraine , 1 rue Grandville BP 20451 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Glaude
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Université de Lorraine , 1 rue Grandville BP 20451 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
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Gil DM, Tuttolomondo ME, Blomeyer S, Reuter CG, Mitzel NW, Altabef AB. Gas-phase structure of 2,2,2-trichloroethyl chloroformate studied by electron diffraction and quantum-chemical calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:393-402. [PMID: 26617390 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05295e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The molecular structure and conformational properties of 2,2,2-trichloroethyl chloroformate, ClC(O)OCH2CCl3 were determined experimentally using gas-phase electron diffraction (GED) and theoretically based on quantum-chemical calculations at the MP2 and DFT levels of theory. Further experimental measurements such as UV-visible, IR and Raman spectroscopy were complemented with the corresponding theoretical studies. All experimental results and calculations confirm the presence of two conformers namely anti-gauche (C1 symmetry) and anti-anti (Cs symmetry). The conformational preference was rationalised by NBO and AIM analyses. Molecular properties such as ionisation potential, electronegativity, chemical potential, chemical hardness and softness were deduced from HOMO-LUMO analyses. The TD-DFT approach was applied to assign the electronic transitions observed in the UV-visible spectrum. A detailed interpretation of the infrared and Raman spectra of the title compound are reported. Using calculated frequencies as a guide, IR and Raman spectra also provide evidence for the presence of both C1 and Cs conformers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego M Gil
- INQUINOA (CONICET-UNT), Instituto de Química Física, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Lorenzo 456, T4000CAN. S. M. de Tucumán. R., Argentina.
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Gil DM, Tuttolomondo ME, Ben Altabef A. DFT calculations of structure and vibrational properties of 2,2,2-trichloroethylacetate, CH(3)CO(2)CH(2)CCl(3). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 123:290-297. [PMID: 24407197 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The molecular structure and conformational properties of 2,2,2-trichloroethylacetate, CH(3)CO(2)CH(2)CCl(3), were determined by ab initio (MP2) and DFT quantum chemical calculations at different levels of theory. The theoretical study was complemented with experimental measurements such as IR and Raman spectroscopy. The experimental and calculations confirm the presence of two conformers, one with anti, gauche conformation (C1 symmetry) and another with anti, anti form (Cs symmetry). The conformational preference was studied using the total energy scheme, NBO and AIM analysis. The infrared spectra of CH(3)CO(2)CH(2)CCl(3) are reported in the liquid and solid phases and the Raman spectrum in liquid phase. Using calculated frequencies as a guide, evidence for both C1 and Cs conformers is obtained in the IR and Raman spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego M Gil
- INQUINOA, CONICET, Instituto de Química Física, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Lorenzo 456, T4000CAN Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María E Tuttolomondo
- INQUINOA, CONICET, Instituto de Química Física, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Lorenzo 456, T4000CAN Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Aída Ben Altabef
- INQUINOA, CONICET, Instituto de Química Física, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Lorenzo 456, T4000CAN Tucumán, Argentina.
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Gil DM, Piro OE, Echeverría GA, Tuttolomondo ME, Ben Altabef A. Layered crystal structure, conformational and vibrational properties of 2,2,2-trichloroethoxysulfonamide: an experimental and theoretical study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 116:122-131. [PMID: 23917382 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The molecular structure of 2,2,2-trichloroethoxysulfonamide, CCl3CH2OSO2NH2, has been determined in the solid state by X-ray diffraction data and in the gas phase by ab initio (MP2) and DFT calculations. The substance crystallizes in the monoclinic P21/c space group with a = 9.969(3)Å, b = 22.914(6)Å, c = 7.349(2)Å, β = 91.06(3)°, and Z = 8 molecules per unit cell. There are two independent, but closely related molecular conformers in the crystal asymmetric unit. They only differ in the angular orientation of the sulfonamide (SO2NH2) group. The conformers are arranged in the lattice as center-symmetric NH · · · O(sulf)-bonded dimers. Neighboring dimers are linked through further NH · · · O(sulf) bonds giving rise to a crystal layered structure. The solid state infrared and Raman spectra have been recorded and the observed bands assigned to the molecular vibration modes. Also, the thermal behavior of the substance was investigated by TG-DT analysis. The stability of the molecule arising from hyper-conjugative interactions and charge delocalization has been analyzed using natural bond (NBO) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego M Gil
- INQUINOA, CONICET, Instituto de Química Física, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Lorenzo 456, T4000CAN Tucumán, Argentina
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Tobón YA, Romano RM, Hey-Hawkins E, Boese R, Védova COD. A comprehensive study of (CH3)2CHOC(S)SC(O)OCH3using matrix isolation technique, X-ray analysis, spectroscopic studies and theoretical calculations. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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