1
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Oeser P, Koudelka J, Dvořáková H, Tobrman T. Formation of trisubstituted buta-1,3-dienes and α,β-unsaturated ketones via the reaction of functionalized vinyl phosphates and vinyl phosphordiamidates with organometallic reagents. RSC Adv 2020; 10:35109-35120. [PMID: 35515642 PMCID: PMC9056830 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07472a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the reactions of vinyl phosphates and vinyl phosphordiamidates containing an ester functional group with organometallic reagents. We found that the functionalized vinyl phosphates were smoothly converted into tri- and tetrasubstituted buta-1,3-dienes via the reaction with aryllithium reagents. Moreover, the vinyl phosphordiamidates were converted into α,β-unsaturated ketones using Grignard reagents. Based on the performed experiments, we proposed a reaction mechanism, which was confirmed by means of the isolation of key intermediates. We studied the reactions of vinyl phosphates and vinyl phosphordiamidates containing an ester functional group with organometallic reagents.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Oeser
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Koudelka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Hana Dvořáková
- Laboratory of NMR Spectroscopy, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Tobrman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
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2
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Kuang Y, Cao H, Tang H, Chew J, Chen W, Shi X, Wu J. Visible light driven deuteration of formyl C-H and hydridic C(sp 3)-H bonds in feedstock chemicals and pharmaceutical molecules. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8912-8918. [PMID: 34123145 PMCID: PMC8163369 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02661a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deuterium labelled compounds are of significant importance in chemical mechanism investigations, mass spectrometric studies, diagnoses of drug metabolisms, and pharmaceutical discovery. Herein, we report an efficient hydrogen deuterium exchange reaction using deuterium oxide (D2O) as the deuterium source, enabled by merging a tetra-n-butylammonium decatungstate (TBADT) hydrogen atom transfer photocatalyst and a thiol catalyst under light irradiation at 390 nm. This deuteration protocol is effective with formyl C-H bonds and a wide range of hydridic C(sp3)-H bonds (e.g. α-oxy, α-thioxy, α-amino, benzylic, and unactivated tertiary C(sp3)-H bonds). It has been successfully applied to the high incorporation of deuterium in 38 feedstock chemicals, 15 pharmaceutical compounds, and 6 drug precursors. Sequential deuteration between formyl C-H bonds of aldehydes and other activated hydridic C(sp3)-H bonds can be achieved in a selective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Kuang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Republic of Singapore
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Republic of Singapore
| | - Haidi Tang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Republic of Singapore
| | - Junhong Chew
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Republic of Singapore
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Republic of Singapore
| | - Xiangcheng Shi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Republic of Singapore
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Republic of Singapore
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3
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Chen KL, Lai CY, Pham MT, Chein RJ, Tang Y, Lin HC. Enzyme-Catalyzed Azepinoindole Formation in Clavine Alkaloid Biosynthesis. Org Lett 2020; 22:3302-3306. [PMID: 32243182 PMCID: PMC8092377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
(-)-Aurantioclavine (1), which contains a characteristic seven-membered ring fused to an indole ring, belongs to the azepinoindole class of fungal clavine alkaloids. Here we show that starting from a 4-dimethylallyl-l-tryptophan precursor, a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-binding oxidase and a catalase-like heme-containing protein are involved in the biosynthesis of 1. The function of these two enzymes was characterized by heterologous expression, in vitro characterization, and deuterium labeling experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Lin Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Chen-Yu Lai
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Mai-Truc Pham
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan R.O.C
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan R.O.C
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Rong-Jie Chein
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan R.O.C
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Yi Tang
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hsiao-Ching Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan R.O.C
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan R.O.C
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4
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Chen Y, Liu X, Shi W, Zheng S, Wang G, He L. One-Pot Synthesis of Seven-Membered Heterocyclic Derivatives of Diazepines Involving Copper-Catalyzed Rearrangement Cascade Allyl-Amination. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5146-5157. [PMID: 32182067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel and efficient method has been proposed for the synthesis of 1,4-benzodiazepine-5-ones from o-nitrobenzoic N-allylamides by using molybdenyl acetylacetonate and copper(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate as catalysts in the presence of triphenylphosphine. This synthesis process involves nitrene formation, C-H bond insertion, C═C bond rearrangement, and C-N bond formation cascade reactions via copper- and molybdenum-catalyzed mediation. The method features a wide substrate scope and a moderate to high yield (up to 90%), exhibiting the possibility for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuepeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinglei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shilong Zheng
- RCMI Cancer Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
| | - Guangdi Wang
- RCMI Cancer Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
| | - Ling He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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5
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Pirali T, Serafini M, Cargnin S, Genazzani AA. Applications of Deuterium in Medicinal Chemistry. J Med Chem 2019; 62:5276-5297. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Pirali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Marta Serafini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Sarah Cargnin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Armando A. Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
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6
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Kobayashi Y, Nanba Y, Tanabe S. A New Method of Deuterium Incorporation to TMS-Epoxyalcohol Using Sodium Methylsulfinylmethylide-d5 (NaDMSO-d5). HETEROCYCLES 2018. [DOI: 10.3987/com-18-s(t)32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Unusual “Head-to-Torso” Coupling of Terpene Precursors as a New Strategy for the Structural Diversification of Natural Products. Methods Enzymol 2018; 604:425-439. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2018.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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8
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Abstract
![]()
The
year 2017 marks the twentieth anniversary of terpenoid cyclase
structural biology: a trio of terpenoid cyclase structures reported
together in 1997 were the first to set the foundation for understanding
the enzymes largely responsible for the exquisite chemodiversity of
more than 80000 terpenoid natural products. Terpenoid cyclases catalyze
the most complex chemical reactions in biology, in that more than
half of the substrate carbon atoms undergo changes in bonding and
hybridization during a single enzyme-catalyzed cyclization reaction.
The past two decades have witnessed structural, functional, and computational
studies illuminating the modes of substrate activation that initiate
the cyclization cascade, the management and manipulation of high-energy
carbocation intermediates that propagate the cyclization cascade,
and the chemical strategies that terminate the cyclization cascade.
The role of the terpenoid cyclase as a template for catalysis is paramount
to its function, and protein engineering can be used to reprogram
the cyclization cascade to generate alternative and commercially important
products. Here, I review key advances in terpenoid cyclase structural
and chemical biology, focusing mainly on terpenoid cyclases and related
prenyltransferases for which X-ray crystal structures have informed
and advanced our understanding of enzyme structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Christianson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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9
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Tanaka S, Shiomi S, Ishikawa H. Bioinspired Indole Prenylation Reactions in Water. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:2371-2378. [PMID: 28803474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene units derived from dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) are an important motif in many natural products including terpenoids, carotenoids, steroids, and natural rubber. Understanding the chemical characteristics of DMAPP is an important topic in natural products chemistry, organic chemistry, and biochemistry. We have developed a direct bioinspired indole prenylation reaction using DMAPP or its equivalents as the electrophile in homogeneous aqueous acidic media in the absence of enzyme to provide prenylated indole products. After establishing the bioinspired indole prenylation reaction, this was then used to achieve the synthesis of a series of natural products, namely, N-prenylcyclo-l-tryptophyl-l-proline, tryprostatins, rhinocladins, and terezine D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University , 2-39-1, Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Shinya Shiomi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University , 2-39-1, Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Hayato Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University , 2-39-1, Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
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10
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Marshall SA, Fisher K, Ní Cheallaigh A, White MD, Payne KAP, Parker DA, Rigby SEJ, Leys D. Oxidative Maturation and Structural Characterization of Prenylated FMN Binding by UbiD, a Decarboxylase Involved in Bacterial Ubiquinone Biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:4623-4637. [PMID: 28057757 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.762732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of the reversible decarboxylase enzyme Fdc1 is dependent on prenylated FMN (prFMN), a recently discovered cofactor. The oxidized prFMN supports a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition mechanism that underpins reversible decarboxylation. Fdc1 is a distinct member of the UbiD family of enzymes, with the canonical UbiD catalyzing the (de)carboxylation of para-hydroxybenzoic acid-type substrates. Here we show that the Escherichia coli UbiD enzyme, which is implicated in ubiquinone biosynthesis, cannot be isolated in an active holoenzyme form despite the fact active holoFdc1 is readily obtained. Formation of holoUbiD requires reconstitution in vitro of the apoUbiD with reduced prFMN. Furthermore, although the Fdc1 apoenzyme can be readily reconstituted and activated, in vitro oxidation to the mature prFMN cofactor stalls at formation of a radical prFMN species in holoUbiD. Further oxidative maturation in vitro occurs only at alkaline pH, suggesting a proton-coupled electron transfer precedes formation of the fully oxidized prFMN. Crystal structures of holoUbiD reveal a relatively open active site potentially occluded from solvent through domain motion. The presence of a prFMN sulfite-adduct in one of the UbiD crystal structures confirms oxidative maturation does occur at ambient pH on a slow time scale. Activity could not be detected for a range of putative para-hydroxybenzoic acid substrates tested. However, the lack of an obvious hydrophobic binding pocket for the octaprenyl tail of the proposed ubiquinone precursor substrate does suggest UbiD might act on a non-prenylated precursor. Our data reveals an unexpected variation occurs in domain mobility, prFMN binding, and maturation by the UbiD enzyme family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Marshall
- From the Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom and
| | - Karl Fisher
- From the Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom and
| | - Aisling Ní Cheallaigh
- From the Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom and
| | - Mark D White
- From the Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom and
| | - Karl A P Payne
- From the Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom and
| | - D A Parker
- Innovation/Biodomain, Shell International Exploration and Production, Westhollow Technology Center, Houston, Texas 77082-3101
| | - Stephen E J Rigby
- From the Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom and
| | - David Leys
- From the Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom and
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11
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Rinkel J, Rabe P, Zur Horst L, Dickschat JS. A detailed view on 1,8-cineol biosynthesis by Streptomyces clavuligerus. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:2317-2324. [PMID: 28144299 PMCID: PMC5238540 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The stereochemical course of the cyclisation reaction catalysed by the bacterial 1,8-cineol synthase from Streptomyces clavuligerus was investigated using stereospecifically deuterated substrates. In contrast to the well investigated plant enzyme from Salvia officinalis, the reaction proceeds via (S)-linalyl diphosphate and the (S)-terpinyl cation, while the final cyclisation reaction is in both cases a syn addition, as could be shown by incubation of (2-13C)geranyl diphosphate in deuterium oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rinkel
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Patrick Rabe
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Laura Zur Horst
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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12
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Liu Y, Huang B. Three-component reactions of phosphorus ylides, thiophenols, and acetyl chloride for the synthesis of (β-thioacrylates). PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2015.1115403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Bin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, P. R. China
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13
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Jayaramaiah RH, Anand A, Beedkar SD, Dholakia BB, Punekar SA, Kalunke RM, Gade WN, Thulasiram HV, Giri AP. Functional characterization and transient expression manipulation of a new sesquiterpene synthase involved in β-caryophyllene accumulation in Ocimum. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:265-271. [PMID: 27005818 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The genus Ocimum has a unique blend of diverse secondary metabolites, with major proportion of terpenoids including mono- and sesquiterpenes. Although, β-Caryophyllene, bicyclic sesquiterpene, is one of the major terpene found in Ocimum species and known to possess several biological activities, not much is known about its biosynthesis in Ocimum. Here, we describe isolation and characterization of β-caryophyllene synthase gene from Ocimum kilimandscharicum Gürke (OkBCS- GenBank accession no. KP226502). The open reading frame of 1629 bp encoded a protein of 542 amino acids with molecular mass of 63.6 kDa and pI value of 5.66. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed 50-70% similarity with known sesquiterpene synthases from angiosperms. Recombinant OkBCS converted farnesyl diphosphate to β-caryophyllene as a major product (94%) and 6% α-humulene. Expression variation of OkBCS well corroborated with β-caryophyllene levels in different tissues from five Ocimum species. OkBCS transcript revealed higher expression in leaves and flowers. Further, agro-infiltration based transient expression manipulation with OkBCS over-expression and silencing confirmed its role in β-caryophyllene biosynthesis. These findings may potentially be further utilized to improve plant defense against insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesha H Jayaramaiah
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Atul Anand
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India; Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Supriya D Beedkar
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India; Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhushan B Dholakia
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sachin A Punekar
- Biospheres, Eshwari, 52/403, Lakshminagar, Parvati, Pune 411 009, Maharashtra, India
| | - Raviraj M Kalunke
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Wasudeo N Gade
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hirekodathakallu V Thulasiram
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India; CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, New Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Ashok P Giri
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India.
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14
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Taniguchi M, Deans RM, Chandrashaker V, Ptaszek M, Lindsey JS. Scope and limitations of two model prebiotic routes to tetrapyrrole macrocycles. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj01423b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous reaction (35 °C, 72 h) of two acyclic compounds, an α-aminoketone + β-ketoester or β-diketone (not shown), affords a pyrrole that self-condenses to give the porphyrinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard M. Deans
- Department of Chemistry
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | | | - Marcin Ptaszek
- Department of Chemistry
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
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15
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Weiss M, Holz J, Peters R. Regioselective Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation Reaction ofα-Cyanoacetates Catalyzed by a Heterobimetallic Platina-/Palladacycle. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Zhang HH, Bonnesen PV, Hong K. Palladium-catalyzed Br/D exchange of arenes: selective deuterium incorporation with versatile functional group tolerance and high efficiency. Org Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00181a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile method for introducing deuterium atoms onto an aromatic nucleus via Br/D exchange with high efficiency is disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hai Zhang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Peter V. Bonnesen
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Kunlun Hong
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
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17
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Exploring the interactions between isoprenoid chain and labdenediol diphosphate synthase based on molecular docking and quartz crystal microbalance. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2527. [PMID: 25472483 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Many natural products and biosynthetic intermediates contain isoprenoid chains. Isoprenoid chains are believed to interact with some proteins in the biological systems, but such interactions remain poorly understood. Here labdenediol diphosphate synthase (LPPS) was used as a model to explore the molecular interactions involving isoprenoid chains. Both homology modeling and docking simulation results indicated that binding form between isoprenoid chain and LPPS is dominated by hydrophobic forces in one binding site. The interactions were also examined via quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technology using synthetic isoprenoid chain-contained probes. The binding constant (1.51 μM(-1)), binding site number (n = 1) and key amino acid residues (Y196, F262, W266, F301, F308, W398, W439, and Y445) were obtained. Both computational and QCM results suggested that LPPS interacts strongly with farnesyl and geranylgeranyl groups. These interactions are primarily caused by hydrophobic and π-π interaction nature. Together, this study provided insightful information to understand molecular interactions between isoprenoid chains and proteins.
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18
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Citron CA, Rabe P, Barra L, Nakano C, Hoshino T, Dickschat JS. Synthesis of Isotopically Labelled Oligoprenyl Diphosphates and Their Application in Mechanistic Investigations of Terpene Cyclases. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Teufel R, Kaysser L, Villaume MT, Diethelm S, Carbullido MK, Baran PS, Moore BS. One-Pot Enzymatic Synthesis of Merochlorin A and B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Teufel R, Kaysser L, Villaume MT, Diethelm S, Carbullido MK, Baran PS, Moore BS. One-pot enzymatic synthesis of merochlorin A and B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11019-22. [PMID: 25115835 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The polycycles merochlorin A and B are complex halogenated meroterpenoid natural products with significant antibacterial activities and are produced by the marine bacterium Streptomyces sp. strain CNH-189. Heterologously produced enzymes and chemical synthesis are employed herein to fully reconstitute the merochlorin biosynthesis in vitro. The interplay of a dedicated type III polyketide synthase, a prenyl diphosphate synthase, and an aromatic prenyltransferase allow formation of a highly unusual aromatic polyketide-terpene hybrid intermediate which features an unprecedented branched sesquiterpene moiety from isosesquilavandulyl diphosphate. As supported by in vivo experiments, this precursor is furthermore chlorinated and cyclized to merochlorin A and isomeric merochlorin B by a single vanadium-dependent haloperoxidase, thus completing the remarkably efficient pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Teufel
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA) http://scrippsscholars.ucsd.edu/bsmoore
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Choi SR, Breugst M, Houk KN, Poulter CD. δ-Deuterium isotope effects as probes for transition-state structures of isoprenoid substrates. J Org Chem 2014; 79:3572-80. [PMID: 24665882 PMCID: PMC4004232 DOI: 10.1021/jo500394u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthetic pathways to isoprenoid compounds involve transfer of the prenyl moiety in allylic diphosphates to electron-rich (nucleophilic) acceptors. The acceptors can be many types of nucleophiles, while the allylic diphosphates only differ in the number of isoprene units and stereochemistry of the double bonds in the hydrocarbon moieties. Because of the wide range of nucleophilicities of naturally occurring acceptors, the mechanism for prenyltransfer reactions may be dissociative or associative with early to late transition states. We have measured δ-secondary kinetic isotope effects operating through four bonds for substitution reactions with dimethylallyl derivatives bearing deuterated methyl groups at the distal (C3) carbon atom in the double bond under dissociative and associative conditions. Computational studies with density functional theory indicate that the magnitudes of the isotope effects correlate with the extent of bond formation between the allylic moiety and the electron-rich acceptor in the transition state for alkylation and provide insights into the structures of the transition states for associative and dissociative alkylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoung-ryoung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Martin Breugst
- Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kendall N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - C. Dale Poulter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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Mahmoodi N, Tanner ME. Potential rearrangements in the reaction catalyzed by the indole prenyltransferase FtmPT1. Chembiochem 2013; 14:2029-37. [PMID: 24014462 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The indole prenyltransferase FtmPT1 catalyzes the C-2 normal prenylation of brevianamide F (cyclo-L-Trp-L-Pro) to give tryprostatin B. A previous structural analysis and studies with alternate substrates suggest that the reaction might not proceed through a direct C-2 attack, but could involve a C-3 prenylation followed by a rearrangement. In this work we investigated the reactivity of FtmPT1 with tryptophan, 5-hydroxybrevianamide, and 2-methylbrevianamide, and isolated products that had been reverse prenylated at C-3 and normal prenylated at N-1, C-3, or C-4. The formation of these products can be rationalized through mechanisms involving either an initial C-3 normal or C-3 reverse prenylation. In addition, we demonstrate that a C-3 reverse prenylated indole can undergo a nonenzymatic aza-Cope rearrangement at 37 °C to give an N-1 normal prenylated product. Together, these studies broaden the known product scope of this interesting catalyst and suggest that alternative mechanisms might be operating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niusha Mahmoodi
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1 (Canada)
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Faraldos JA, Gonzalez V, Li A, Yu F, Köksal M, Christianson DW, Allemann RK. Probing the mechanism of 1,4-conjugate elimination reactions catalyzed by terpene synthases. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:20844-8. [PMID: 23214943 DOI: 10.1021/ja311022s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reaction mechanisms of (E)-β-farnesene synthase (EBFS) and isoprene synthase (ISPS), enzymes that catalyze a formal regiospecific 1,4-conjugate elimination of hydrogen diphosphate from (E,E)-farnesyl and dimethylallyl diphosphate (FDP and DMADP) to generate the semiochemicals (E)-β-farnesene and isoprene, respectively, were probed with substrate analogs and kinetic measurements. The results support stepwise reaction mechanisms through analogous enzyme-bound allylic cationic intermediates. For EBFS, we demonstrate that the elimination reaction can proceed via the enzyme-bound intermediate trans-nerolidyl diphosphate, while for ISPS the intermediacy of 2-methylbut-3-enyl 2-diphosphate can be inferred from the product outcome when deuterated DMADPs are used as substrates. Possible implications derived from the mechanistic details of the EBFS-catalyzed reaction for the evolution of sesquiterpene synthases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Faraldos
- School of Chemistry and Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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Xiao Y, Liu P. IspH Protein of the Deoxyxylulose Phosphate Pathway: Mechanistic Studies with C1-Deuterium-Labeled Substrate and Fluorinated Analogue. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:9722-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200803452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Xiao Y, Liu P. IspH Protein of the Deoxyxylulose Phosphate Pathway: Mechanistic Studies with C1-Deuterium-Labeled Substrate and Fluorinated Analogue. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200803452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Miller DJ, Gao J, Truhlar DG, Young NJ, Gonzalez V, Allemann RK. Stereochemistry of eudesmane cation formation during catalysis by aristolochene synthase from Penicillium roqueforti. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:2346-54. [PMID: 18563268 DOI: 10.1039/b804198a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aristolochene synthase catalysed cyclisation of farnesyl diphosphate (1) has been postulated to proceed through (S)-germacrene A (3). However, the active site acid that reprotonates this neutral intermediate has so far proved difficult to identify and, based on high level ab initio molecular orbital and density functional theory calculations, a proton transfer mechanism has recently been proposed, in which proton transfer from C12 of germacryl cation to the C6,C7-double bond of germacryl cation (2) proceeds either directly or via a tightly bound water molecule. In this work, the stereochemistry of the elimination and protonation reactions was investigated by the analysis of the reaction products from incubation of 1 and of [12,12,12,13,13,13-(2)H(6)]-farnesyl diphosphate (15) with aristolochene synthase from Penicillium roqueforti (PR-AS) in H(2)O and D(2)O. The results reveal proton loss from C12 during the reaction and incorporation of another proton from the solvent. Incubation of with PR-AS in D(2)O led to the production of (6R)-[6-(2)H] aristolochene, indicating that protonation occurs from the face of the 10-membered germacrene ring opposite the isopropylidene group. Hence these results firmly exclude proton transfer from C12 to C6 of germacryl cation. We propose here Lys 206 as the general acid/base during PR-AS catalysis. This residue is part of a conserved network of hydrogen bonds, along which protons could be delivered from the solvent to the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Miller
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, UK CF10 3AT
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Thulasiram HV, Erickson HK, Poulter CD. A Common Mechanism for Branching, Cyclopropanation, and Cyclobutanation Reactions in the Isoprenoid Biosynthetic Pathway. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:1966-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ja0771282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
The increasing demand for stable isotopically labeled compounds has led to an increased interest in H/D-exchange reactions at carbon centers. Today deuterium-labeled compounds are used as internal standards in mass spectrometry or to help elucidate mechanistic theories. Access to these deuterated compounds takes place significantly more efficiently and more cost effectively by exchange of hydrogen by deuterium in the target molecule than by classical synthesis. This Review will concentrate on the preparative application of the H/D-exchange reaction in the preparation of deuterium-labeled compounds. Advances over the last ten years are brought together and critically evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Atzrodt
- Isotope Chemistry Metabolite Synthesis (ICMS), Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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