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Vala D, Vala RM, Patel HM. Versatile Synthetic Platform for 1,2,3-Triazole Chemistry. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:36945-36987. [PMID: 36312377 PMCID: PMC9608397 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
1,2,3-Triazole scaffolds are not obtained in nature, but they are still intensely investigated by synthetic chemists in various fields due to their excellent properties and green synthetic routes. This review will provide a library of all synthetic routes used in the past 21 years to synthesize 1,2,3-triazoles and their derivatives using various metal catalysts (such as Cu, Ni, Ru, Ir, Rh, Pd, Au, Ag, Zn, and Sm), organocatalysts, metal-free as well as solvent- and catalyst-free neat syntheses, along with their mechanistic cycles, recyclability studies, solvent systems, and reaction condition effects on regioselectivity. Constant developments indicate that 1,2,3-triazoles will help lead to future organic synthesis and are useful for creating molecular libraries of various functionalized 1,2,3-triazoles.
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2
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of tetrahydroisoquinoline-derived antibacterial compounds. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 57:116648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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3
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Kopf S, Bourriquen F, Li W, Neumann H, Junge K, Beller M. Recent Developments for the Deuterium and Tritium Labeling of Organic Molecules. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6634-6718. [PMID: 35179363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organic compounds labeled with hydrogen isotopes play a crucial role in numerous areas, from materials science to medicinal chemistry. Indeed, while the replacement of hydrogen by deuterium gives rise to improved absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties in drugs and enables the preparation of internal standards for analytical mass spectrometry, the use of tritium-labeled compounds is a key technique all along drug discovery and development in the pharmaceutical industry. For these reasons, the interest in new methodologies for the isotopic enrichment of organic molecules and the extent of their applications are equally rising. In this regard, this Review intends to comprehensively discuss the new developments in this area over the last years (2017-2021). Notably, besides the fundamental hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) reactions and the use of isotopically labeled analogues of common organic reagents, a plethora of reductive and dehalogenative deuteration techniques and other transformations with isotope incorporation are emerging and are now part of the labeling toolkit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kopf
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Wu Li
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Kathrin Junge
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., 18059 Rostock, Germany
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4
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Sebastian D, Willoughby PH, Lakshman MK. Cross-dehydrogenative coupling of ethers and amides with the tautomerizable quinazolinones, and mechanistic studies. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5735-5746. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00874b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cross-dehydrogenative coupling reactions have been utilized to alkylate 4(3H)-quinazolinones with ethers and amides, using catalytic n-Bu4NI and t-BuOOH as oxidant. Reactions with amides represent the first examples under such conditions....
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5
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Staśkiewicz A, Ledwoń P, Rovero P, Papini AM, Latajka R. Triazole-Modified Peptidomimetics: An Opportunity for Drug Discovery and Development. Front Chem 2021; 9:674705. [PMID: 34095086 PMCID: PMC8172596 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.674705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidomimetics play a fundamental role in drug design due to their preferential properties regarding natural peptides. In particular, compounds possessing nitrogen-containing heterocycles have been intensively studied in recent years. The triazolyl moiety incorporation decreases the molecule susceptibility to enzymatic degradation, reduction, hydrolysis, and oxidation. In fact, peptides containing triazole rings are a typical example of peptidomimetics. They have all the advantages over classic peptides. Both efficient synthetic methods and biological activity make these systems an interesting and promising object of research. Peptide triazole derivatives display a diversity of biological properties and can be obtained via numerous synthetic strategies. In this review, we have highlighted the importance of the triazole-modified peptidomimetics in the field of drug design. We present an overview on new achievements in triazolyl-containing peptidomimetics synthesis and their biological activity as inhibitors of enzymes or against cancer, viruses, bacteria, or fungi. The relevance of above-mentioned compounds was confirmed by their comparison with unmodified peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Staśkiewicz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Patrycja Ledwoń
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Paolo Rovero
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Rafal Latajka
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
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Ishu K, Kumar D, Maurya NK, Yadav S, Chaudhary D, Kuram MR. Dicarbofunctionalization of unactivated alkenes by palladium-catalyzed domino Heck/intermolecular direct hetero arylation with heteroarenes. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2243-2253. [PMID: 33600545 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00195g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed domino Heck/intermolecular direct hetero arylation sequence of unactivated alkenes was developed, providing 1,2,3-triazole containing bisheterocycles bearing all-carbon quaternary centers with yields of 25-90%. The protocol was extended to 1,3,4-oxadiazoles as well. The installed triazole was further exploited for late-stage functionalizations, and the mechanistic studies indicate the involvement of C-H activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Km Ishu
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Sector-19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Naveen Kumar Maurya
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Sector-19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Suman Yadav
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Dhananjay Chaudhary
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Malleswara Rao Kuram
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Sector-19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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7
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Nishiyama T, Hironaka M, Taketomi M, Taguchi E, Kotouge R, Shigemori Y, Hatae N, Ishikura M, Choshi T. Total Synthesis of Two 8-Oxoprotoberberine Alkaloids: Alangiumkaloids A and B. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Sciences; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Fukuyama University; 729-0292 Fukuyama Hiroshima Japan
| | - Miharu Hironaka
- Graduate School of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Sciences; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Fukuyama University; 729-0292 Fukuyama Hiroshima Japan
| | - Mizuki Taketomi
- Graduate School of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Sciences; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Fukuyama University; 729-0292 Fukuyama Hiroshima Japan
| | - Eri Taguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Sciences; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Fukuyama University; 729-0292 Fukuyama Hiroshima Japan
| | - Rika Kotouge
- Graduate School of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Sciences; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Fukuyama University; 729-0292 Fukuyama Hiroshima Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Shigemori
- Graduate School of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Sciences; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Fukuyama University; 729-0292 Fukuyama Hiroshima Japan
| | - Noriyuki Hatae
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Health Sciences University of Hokkaido; 061-0293 Ishikari-Tobetsu Hokkaido Japan
| | - Minoru Ishikura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Health Sciences University of Hokkaido; 061-0293 Ishikari-Tobetsu Hokkaido Japan
| | - Tominari Choshi
- Graduate School of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Sciences; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Fukuyama University; 729-0292 Fukuyama Hiroshima Japan
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8
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Wong JK, Proschogo N, Todd MH, Rutledge PJ. Selective Displacement of a Scorpionand Triazole Ligand from Metallocyclam Complexes Visualised with NMR Spectroscopy. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201601474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K.‐H. Wong
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney 2006 Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Nicholas Proschogo
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney 2006 Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Matthew H. Todd
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney 2006 Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Peter J. Rutledge
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney 2006 Sydney New South Wales Australia
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9
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Wang D, Chen S, Wang J, Astruc D, Chen B. Base-catalyzed hydrogen–deuterium exchange and dehalogenation reactions of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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10
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Jahanshahi R, Akhlaghinia B. CuIIimmobilized on guanidinated epibromohydrin functionalized γ-Fe2O3@TiO2(γ-Fe2O3@TiO2-EG-CuII): a novel magnetically recyclable heterogeneous nanocatalyst for the green one-pot synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles through alkyne–azide cycloaddition in water. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05468d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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11
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Ghodsinia SSE, Akhlaghinia B, Jahanshahi R. Direct access to stabilized CuI using cuttlebone as a natural-reducing support for efficient CuAAC click reactions in water. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13314b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cuttlebone@CuCl2 as a highly active, versatile, and green heterogeneous catalyst was investigated for the efficient preparation of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles through the one-pot Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S. E. Ghodsinia
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
- Mashhad 9177948974
- Iran
| | - Batool Akhlaghinia
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
- Mashhad 9177948974
- Iran
| | - Roya Jahanshahi
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
- Mashhad 9177948974
- Iran
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12
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Minuti LF, Memeo MG, Crespi S, Quadrelli P. Fluorescent Probes from Stable Aromatic Nitrile Oxides. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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13
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Rathi AK, Gawande MB, Zboril R, Varma RS. Microwave-assisted synthesis – Catalytic applications in aqueous media. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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14
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Zhan M, Xu R, Tian Y, Jiang H, Zhao L, Xie Y, Chen Y. A Simple and Cost-Effective Method for the Regioselective Deuteration of Phenols. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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Novosjolova I, Bizdēna Ē, Turks M. Synthesis and Applications of Azolylpurine and Azolylpurine Nucleoside Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Zhou C, Zhang J, Liu P, Xie J, Dai B. 2-Pyrrolecarbaldiminato–Cu(ii) complex catalyzed three-component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition for 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles synthesis in water at room temperature. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13423k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Pyrrolecarbaldiminato–Cu(ii) complexes were first established as efficient catalyst for 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles synthesis under green and mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjian Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832003
- China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832003
- China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832003
- China
| | - Jianwei Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832003
- China
| | - Bin Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832003
- China
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17
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Szostak M, Spain M, Procter DJ. Selective Synthesis of α,α-Dideuterio Alcohols by the Reduction of Carboxylic Acids Using SmI2 and D2O as Deuterium Source under SET Conditions. Org Lett 2014; 16:5052-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol502404e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Szostak
- Department
of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Malcolm Spain
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Procter
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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18
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Khairallah GN, O'Hair RAJ, Wille U. Mass spectrometric and computational studies on the reaction of aromatic peroxyl radicals with phenylacetylene using the distonic radical ion approach. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:3295-306. [PMID: 24712711 DOI: 10.1021/jp411477e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Product and mechanistic studies were performed for the reaction of aromatic distonic peroxyl radical cations 4-PyrOO(•+) and 3-PyrOO(•+) with phenylacetylene (7) in the gas phase using mass spectrometric and computational techniques. PyrOO(•+) was generated through reaction of the respective distonic aryl radical cation Pyr(•+) with O2 in the ion source of the mass spectrometer. For the reaction involving the more electrophilic 4-PyrOO(•+), a rate coefficient of k1 = (2.2 ± 0.6) × 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) was determined at 298 K, while a value of k2 = (8.2 ± 2.1) × 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) was obtained for the reaction involving the less electrophilic 3-PyrOO(•+). This highlights the role of polar effects in these reactions, which are likely of high relevance for processes in combustions and atmospheric transformations. The mechanism was studied by computational methods, which showed that radical addition occurs exclusively at the less substituted alkyne site to give the distonic vinyl radical cation 8. The latter undergoes a series of subsequent rearrangements/fragmentations that are similar for both isomeric PyrOO(•+). γ-Fragmentation in 8 leads to the distonic aryloxyl radical cation PyrO(•+) and a singlet carbene 10. The product association complex [PyrO(•+) - 10] is the starting point for two important subsequent reactions, e.g., (i) rapid hydrogen transfer to form ketenyl radical 11 and the closed-shell species PyrOH(+), and (ii) oxygen transfer from PyrO(•+) to 10 that leads to α-keto aldehyde 13 and Pyr(•+), followed by hydrogen abstraction to give acyl radical 14 and PyrH(+). Additional major products are the closed-shell aromatic carbonyl compounds 20 and 30 that result from multistep rearrangements in vinyl radical 8, which are terminated by homolytic bond scission and release of neutral acyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- George N Khairallah
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne , 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Ji L, Zhou GQ, Qian C, Chen XZ. Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazoles from Azide-Derivatised Aminocyclitols by Catalytic Diazo Transfer and CuAAC Click Chemistry. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Sridhar T, Berrée F, Sharma GVM, Carboni B. Regio- and stereocontrolled access to γ-boronated unsaturated amino esters and derivatives from (Z)-alkenyl 1,2-bis(boronates). J Org Chem 2013; 79:783-9. [PMID: 24364650 DOI: 10.1021/jo402237t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The Borono-Mannich reaction of (Z)-1-alkene-1,2-diboronic esters proceeded regioselectively at the terminal C-B bond to afford (E)-γ-boronated unsaturated amino esters in good yields. These compounds were then subjected to Suzuki couplings for the creation of diversely substituted olefinic amino acid systems. Several other functional transformations were also carried out to illustrate the synthetic utility of the Petasis products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tailor Sridhar
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1 , 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, Campus de Beaulieu, Bâtiment 10A, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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Smith CD, Greaney MF. Zinc mediated azide-alkyne ligation to 1,5- and 1,4,5-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles. Org Lett 2013; 15:4826-9. [PMID: 24001177 PMCID: PMC4331842 DOI: 10.1021/ol402225d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
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A mild method for regioselective formation of 1,5-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles is described. The zinc-mediated reaction works at room temperature and is successful across a wide range of azido/alkynyl substrates. Additionally, the triazole 4-position can be further functionalized through the intermediate aryl-zinc to accommodate a diverse three-component coupling strategy.
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