1
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Giraudo A, Armano E, Morano C, Pallavicini M, Bolchi C. Green Oxidation of Heterocyclic Ketones with Oxone in Water. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15461-15465. [PMID: 37823876 PMCID: PMC10629238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The recently reported efficient conversion of cyclic ketones to lactones by Oxone in neutral buffered water is extended to heterocyclic ketones, namely, cyclic N-Boc azaketones and oxoethers with the aim of obtaining N-protected azalactones and their analogues with oxygen in place of nitrogen. N-Boc-4-piperidinone and all the cyclic oxoethers were successfully oxidized to lactones, while the azacyclic ketones with nitrogen α-positioned to carbonyl were univocally transformed into N-Boc-ω-amino acids and N-Boc-N-formyl-ω-amino acids operating in alkaline water and DMF, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Giraudo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Edoardo Armano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Camillo Morano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
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2
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Morano C, Dei Cas M, Bergamaschi RF, Palmisano E, Pallavicini M, Bolchi C, Roda G, Casati S. Fractioning and Compared 1H NMR and GC-MS Analyses of Lanolin Acid Components. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041635. [PMID: 36838621 PMCID: PMC9964252 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of food and food-related wastes represents a growing global issue, as they are hard to recycle and dispose of. Foremost, waste can serve as an important source of biomasses. Particularly, fat-enriched biomasses are receiving more and more attention for their role in the manufacturing of biofuels. Nonetheless, many biomasses have been set aside over the years. Wool wax, also known as lanolin, has a huge potential for becoming a source of typical and atypical fatty acids. The main aim of this work was to evaluate and assess a protocol for the fractioning of fatty acids from lanolin, a natural by-product of the shearing of sheep, alongside the design of a new and rapid quantitative GC-MS method for the derivatization of free fatty acids in fat mixtures, using MethElute™. As the acid portion of lanolin is characterized by the presence of both aliphatic and hydroxylated fatty acids, we also evaluated a procedure for the parting of these two species, by using NMR spectroscopy, benefitting of the different solubilities of the components in organic solvents. At last, we evaluated and quantified the fatty acids and the α-hydroxy fatty acids present in each attained portion, employing both analytical and synthetic standards. The performed analyses, both qualitative and quantitative, showed a good performance in the parting of the different acid components, and GC-MS allowed to speculate that the majority of α-hydroxylated fatty acids is formed of linear saturated carbon chains, while the totality of properly said fatty acids has a much more complex profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camillo Morano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Dei Cas
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta F. Bergamaschi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Palmisano
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Roda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Casati
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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3
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Straniero V, Lodigiani G, Suigo L, Valoti E. Resolution via diastereomeric amides of enantiopure 1,4-benzoxathian-2- and 3-carboxylic acids and determination of their configuration. Chirality 2022; 34:1053-1064. [PMID: 35596548 PMCID: PMC9541051 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
1,4-Benzoxathiane, 2- or 3-substituted, is an important scaffold, and despite its presence in several therapeutic agents, it is chemically unexploited. Furthermore, only a few examples in literature report this moiety in its enantiopure form. Here, taking advantage to the formation of diastereomeric amides by using (S)-phenylethylamine, which show significant differences in terms of 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and other physical chemical properties, we defined for the first time the absolute configuration of each amide, both 2- or 3-substituted. Moreover, the diastereomeric amides were further hydrolyzed in acid conditions, letting to the achievement of the corresponding 1,4-benzoxathian carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Straniero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Lodigiani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Suigo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ermanno Valoti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Bertolini V, Pallavicini M, Tibhe G, Roda G, Arnoldi S, Monguzzi L, Zoccola M, Di Nardo G, Gilardi G, Bolchi C. Synthesis of α-Hydroxy Fatty Acids from Fatty Acids by Intermediate α-Chlorination with TCCA under Solvent-Free Conditions: A Way to Valorization of Waste Fat Biomasses. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:31901-31906. [PMID: 34870012 PMCID: PMC8637944 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Within food wastes, including edible and inedible parts, fat biomasses represent a significant portion, often uneconomically used or improperly disposed causing pollution issues. Interesting perspectives for their management and valorization could be opened by conversion of fatty acids (FAs), which are their main constituents, into α-hydroxy FAs (α-HFAs), fine chemicals of great, but largely untapped potential, possibly due to current poor availability. Here, a simple and efficient procedure is reported to α-chlorinate FAs with trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA), a green halogenating agent, under solvent-free conditions and to directly convert the resultant α-chloro FAs, without previous purification, into α-HFAs. The procedure was applied to stearic, palmitic, and myristic acid and, with analogous success, to their mixture, ad hoc created to simulate a FAs mixture obtainable from a fat biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bertolini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università
degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università
degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gaurao Tibhe
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università
degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Roda
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università
degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Arnoldi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università
degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Monguzzi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università
degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marina Zoccola
- Italian
National Research Council, STIIMA, Corso Giuseppe Pella 16, I-13900 Biella, Italy
| | - Giovanna Di Nardo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università di Torino, via Accademia Albertina 13, I-10113 Torino, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Gilardi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università di Torino, via Accademia Albertina 13, I-10113 Torino, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università
degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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Bavo F, Pallavicini M, Appiani R, Bolchi C. Determinants for α4β2 vs. α3β4 Subtype Selectivity of Pyrrolidine-Based nAChRs Ligands: A Computational Perspective with Focus on Recent cryo-EM Receptor Structures. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123603. [PMID: 34204637 PMCID: PMC8231201 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The selectivity of α4β2 nAChR agonists over the α3β4 nicotinic receptor subtype, predominant in ganglia, primarily conditions their therapeutic range and it is still a complex and challenging issue for medicinal chemists and pharmacologists. Here, we investigate the determinants for such subtype selectivity in a series of more than forty α4β2 ligands we have previously reported, docking them into the structures of the two human subtypes, recently determined by cryo-electron microscopy. They are all pyrrolidine based analogues of the well-known α4β2 agonist N-methylprolinol pyridyl ether A-84543 and differ in the flexibility and pattern substitution of their aromatic portion. Indeed, the direct or water mediated interaction with hydrophilic residues of the relatively narrower β2 minus side through the elements decorating the aromatic ring and the stabilization of the latter by facing to the not conserved β2-Phe119 result as key distinctive features for the α4β2 affinity. Consistently, these compounds show, despite the structural similarity, very different α4β2 vs. α3β4 selectivities, from modest to very high, which relate to rigidity/extensibility degree of the portion containing the aromatic ring and to substitutions at the latter. Furthermore, the structural rationalization of the rat vs. human differences of α4β2 vs. α3β4 selectivity ratios is here proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bavo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universita’degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (F.B.); (M.P.); (R.A.)
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universita’degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (F.B.); (M.P.); (R.A.)
| | - Rebecca Appiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universita’degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (F.B.); (M.P.); (R.A.)
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universita’degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (F.B.); (M.P.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Efficient conversion of d-mannitol into 1,2:5,6-diacetonide with Aquivion-H as a recyclable catalyst. Carbohydr Res 2020; 499:108229. [PMID: 33401228 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous solid catalysis by the commercially available perfluorosulfonic ionomer Aquivion-H allowed 1,2:5,6-diacetonide of d-mannitol (1), immediate precursor of important unichiral C3-synthons, to be efficiently obtained from d-mannitol and 2,2-dimethoxypropane in DMF at room temperature. The 1,2-monoacetonide, whose intermediate formation is the rate-limiting step, could be almost completely converted into 1 with limited concurrent transformation of 1 into triacetonides. In line with recent literature reports, these results indicate that heterogeneous catalysis by Aquivion-H surpasses the performances of homogeneous acidic catalysis assuring, presumably for its peculiar morphology, a higher product selectivity. Easy recovery at the end of the reaction and recyclability are additional advantages of this solid acid catalyst.
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Behavioural and pharmacological profiles of zebrafish administrated pyrrolidinyl benzodioxanes and prolinol aryl ethers with high affinity for heteromeric nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:2317-2326. [PMID: 32382782 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05536-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Prolinol aryl ethers and their rigidified analogues pyrrolidinyl benzodioxanes have a high affinity for mammalian α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Electrophysiological studies have shown that the former are full agonists and the latter partial agonists or antagonists of human α4β2 receptors, but their in vivo effects are unknown. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS As α4β2 nAChRs play an important role in the cognition and the rewarding effects of nicotine, we tested the effects of two full agonists and one antagonist on spatial learning, memory and attention in zebrafish using a T-maze task and virtual object recognition test (VORT). The effect of a partial agonist in reducing nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) was also investigated. RESULTS In comparison with the vehicle alone, the full agonists MCL-11 and MCL-28 induced a significant cognitive enhancement as measured by the reduced running time in the T-maze and increased attention as measured by the increased discrimination index in the VORT. MCL-11 was 882 times more potent than nicotine. The two compounds were characterised by an inverted U-shaped dose-response curve, and their effects were blocked by the co-administration of the antagonist MCL-117, which alone had no effect. The partial agonist MCL-54 induced CPP and had an inverted U-shaped dose-response curve similar to that of nicotine but blocked the reinforcing effect of co-administered nicotine. Binding studies showed that all of the compounds have a higher affinity for heteromeric [3H]-epibatidine receptors than [125I]-αBungarotoxin receptors. MCL-11 was the most selective of heteromeric receptors. CONCLUSIONS These behavioural studies indicate that full agonist prolinol aryl ethers are very active in increasing spatial learning, memory and attention in zebrafish. The benzodioxane partial agonist MCL-54 reduced nicotine-induced CPP, and the benzodioxane antagonist MCL-117 blocked all agonist-induced activities.
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Bolchi C, Bavo F, Appiani R, Roda G, Pallavicini M. 1,4-Benzodioxane, an evergreen, versatile scaffold in medicinal chemistry: A review of its recent applications in drug design. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 200:112419. [PMID: 32502862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
1,4-Benzodioxane has long been a versatile template widely employed to design molecules endowed with diverse bioactivities. Its use spans the last decades of medicinal chemistry until today concerning many strategies of drug discovery, not excluding the most advanced ones. Here, more than fifty benzodioxane-related lead compounds, selected from recent literature, are presented showing the different approaches with which they have been developed. Agonists and antagonists at neuronal nicotinic, α1 adrenergic and serotoninergic receptor subtypes and antitumor and antibacterial agents form the most representative classes, but a variety of other biological targets are addressed by benzodioxane-containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Bavo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Rebecca Appiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Roda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy.
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Airoldi V, Piccolo O, Roda G, Appiani R, Bavo F, Tassini R, Paganelli S, Arnoldi S, Pallavicini M, Bolchi C. Efficient One-Pot Reductive Aminations of Carbonyl Compounds with Aquivion-Fe as a Recyclable Catalyst and Sodium Borohydride. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Airoldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milano Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Roda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Rebecca Appiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Francesco Bavo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Riccardo Tassini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi; Università Ca' Foscari Venezia; Via Torino 155 30170 Venezia Mestre Italy
| | - Stefano Paganelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi; Università Ca' Foscari Venezia; Via Torino 155 30170 Venezia Mestre Italy
| | - Sebastiano Arnoldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milano Italy
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Fan T, Shen HC, Han ZY, Gong LZ. Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Dihydroxylation of 1,3-Dienes with Catechols. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201800540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Fan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Hong-Cheng Shen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Zhi-Yong Han
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Liu-Zhu Gong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 China
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Fumagalli L, Bolchi C, Bavo F, Pallavicini M. Crystallization-based resolution of 1,4-benzodioxane-2-carboxylic acid enantiomers via diastereomeric 1-phenylethylamides. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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