1
|
Hatakenaka R, Nishikawa N, Mikata Y, Aoyama H, Yamashita K, Shiota Y, Yoshizawa K, Kawasaki Y, Tomooka K, Kamijo S, Tani F, Murafuji T. Efficient Synthesis and Structural Analysis of Chiral 4,4'-Biazulene. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400098. [PMID: 38376431 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
4,4'-Biazulene is a potentially attractive key component of an axially chiral biaryl compound, however, its structure and properties have not been clarified owing to the lack of its efficient synthesis. We report a breakthrough in the reliable synthesis of 4,4'-biazulene, which is achieved by the access to azulen-4-ylboronic acid pinacol ester and 4-iodoazulene as novel key synthetic intermediates for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. The X-ray crystallographic analysis of 4,4'-biazulene confirmed its axial chirality. The enantiomers of 4,4'-biazulene were successfully resolved by HPLC on the chiral stationary phase column. The kinetic experiments and DFT calculations indicate that the racemization energy barrier of 4,4'-biazulene is comparable to that of 1,1'-binaphthyl.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Hatakenaka
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8512, Japan
| | - Nanami Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8512, Japan
| | - Yuji Mikata
- Laboratory for Molecular & Functional Design, Department of Engineering, Nara Women's University, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
| | - Hiroki Aoyama
- Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Yamashita
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuuya Kawasaki
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Tomooka
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Shin Kamijo
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8512, Japan
| | - Fumito Tani
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Murafuji
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8512, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shoji T, Sakata N, Ariga Y, Yamazaki A, Katoh R, Okujima T, Sekiguchi R, Ito S. Construction of a 2,2'-biazulene framework via Brønsted acid-promoted annulation of 2,3-di(1-azulenyl)benzofurans. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3447-3450. [PMID: 36857723 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00373f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Dibenzofurans featuring a 2,2'-biazulene framework were prepared in good yields by Brønsted acid-promoted annulation of 2,3-di(1-azulenyl)benzofurans in 100% H3PO4. NMR, UV-Vis, and fluorescence spectroscopies were used to investigate the structural and optical properties of the products prepared. Remarkably, the annulated products exhibited fluorescence, with the longest wavelength of azulene derivatives reported to date, which extended into the near-infrared region under acidic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Shoji
- Department of Chemical Biology and Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Nihon University, Koriyama 963-8642, Fukushima, Japan. .,Department of Material Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Nagano, Japan
| | - Naoko Sakata
- Department of Material Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yukino Ariga
- Department of Material Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Nagano, Japan
| | - Akari Yamazaki
- Department of Material Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Nagano, Japan
| | - Ryuzi Katoh
- Department of Chemical Biology and Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Nihon University, Koriyama 963-8642, Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Tetsuo Okujima
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Ehime, Japan
| | - Ryuta Sekiguchi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8561, Aomori, Japan
| | - Shunji Ito
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8561, Aomori, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maeng C, Yun Y, Son JY, Lee PH. Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of Azulene‐2‐carboxylic Acids with 1,3‐Dienes for the Synthesis of Alkenyl Azulenolactones. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeong-Yu Son
- Kangwon National University KOREA (THE REPUBLIC OF)
| | - Phil Ho Lee
- Kangwon National University KOREA (THE REPUBLIC OF)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maruoka K, Kamishima T, Koseki Y, Suzuki R, Dao ATN, Murafuji T, Kasai H. Versatile Conversions of Substituents in Guaiazulene: Synthesis of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives with Controlled Regiospecific Reactivities. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotaka Maruoka
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kamishima
- East Tokyo Laboratory, Genesis Research Institute, Inc., 717-86 Futamata, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0001, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Koseki
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Ryuju Suzuki
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Anh Thi Ngoc Dao
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Murafuji
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kasai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Maeng C, Lee PH. Synthesis of azulenolactones through sequential C(2)‐bromoarylation and intramolecular CO bond formation from azulene‐1‐carboxylic acids and di(2‐bromoaryl)iodonium salts in
one pot. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chanyoung Maeng
- Department of Chemistry Kangwon National University Chuncheon Republic of Korea
| | - Phil Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry Kangwon National University Chuncheon Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Elwahy AHM, Abdelhamid IA, Shaaban MR. Recent Advances in the Functionalization of Azulene Through Pd‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohamed R. Shaaban
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Applied Science Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Almukkarramah Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Williams GE, Kociok-Köhn G, James TD, Lewis SE. C4-aldehyde of guaiazulene: synthesis and derivatisation. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2502-2511. [PMID: 33661271 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02567d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Guaiazulene is an alkyl-substituted azulene available from natural sources and is a much lower cost starting material for the synthesis of azulene derivatives than azulene itself. Here we report an approach for the selective functionalisation of guaiazulene which takes advantage of the acidity of the protons on the guaiazulene C4 methyl group. The aldehyde produced by this approach constitutes a building block for the construction of azulenes substituted on the seven-membered ring. Derivatives of this aldehyde synthesised by alkenylation, reduction and condensation are reported, and the halochromic properties of a subset of these derivatives have been studied.
Collapse
|
8
|
Han GU, Son J, Park D, Eom H, Lee K, Noh HC, Lee K, Lee PH. Synthesis of Azulenopyridinones through Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative [4+2] Cyclization Reactions of
N
‐Methoxyazulene‐1‐ and 2‐carboxamides with Alkynes. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gi Uk Han
- Department of Chemistry Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong‐Yu Son
- Department of Chemistry Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Dahee Park
- Department of Chemistry Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonsik Eom
- Department of Chemistry Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsup Lee
- Department of Chemistry Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Chan Noh
- Department of Chemistry Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Kooyeon Lee
- Department of Bio-Health Technology Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Phil Ho Lee
- The Korean Academy of Science and Technology Seongnam 13630 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Maeng C, Seo HJ, Jeong H, Lee K, Noh HC, Lee PH. Iridium(III)-Catalyzed Sequential C(2)-Arylation and Intramolecular C–O Bond Formation from Azulenecarboxylic Acids and Diaryliodonium Salts Access to Azulenofuranones. Org Lett 2020; 22:7267-7272. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chanyoung Maeng
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Haneal Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsup Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Chan Noh
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil Ho Lee
- The Korean Academy of Science and Technology, Seongnam 13630, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tsuchiya T, Katsuoka Y, Yoza K, Sato H, Mazaki Y. Stereochemistry, Stereodynamics, and Redox and Complexation Behaviors of 2,2'-Diaryl-1,1'-Biazulenes. Chempluschem 2020; 84:1659-1667. [PMID: 31943874 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
2,2'-Diaryl-1,1'-biazulenes were synthesized and electronic communication between the azulene subunits was suggested based on redox measurements. The linkage of azulene at the 1-position also appeared to increase the HOMO levels. In addition, cyclic voltammetry measurements of 2-arylazulenes showed a return peak associated with the oxidation, which was not observed for azulene. The stabilization of the single-electron oxidant may be due to the SOMO-HOMO energy inversion phenomenon. X-ray crystallography of the azulene dimers revealed that this species possessed a syn-type structure in which both aryl groups in the 2-positions formed π-stacks. The twisted structure was indicated to be in the (R)- or (S)-configuration for all molecules in the unit cell. Spontaneous resolution was also shown. Furthermore, from the solid circular dichroism (CD) spectral measurements, the relationship between the absolute configuration of the molecules and the CD spectra was determined. A racemization rotational barrier of ca. 27 kcal mol-1 was calculated. Moreover, the pyridylazulene dimer cyclized upon reaction with PdCl2 to form a 3 : 3 complex, in which the biazulene units cyclized to give ratios between the (R)- and (S)-forms of either 2 : 1 or 1 : 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yuka Katsuoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoza
- Bruker Japan, 3-9 Moriya-cho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-0022, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sato
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara, Akishima, Tokyo, 196-8666, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Mazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kaewchingduang R, Paradee N, Sirivat A, Niamlang S. Effects of conductive polyazulene and plasticizer embedded in deproteinized natural rubber transdermal patch on electrically controlled naproxen release-permeation. Int J Pharm 2019; 561:296-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
12
|
Webster SJ, López-Alled CM, Liang X, McMullin CL, Kociok-Köhn G, Lyall CL, James TD, Wenk J, Cameron PJ, Lewis SE. Azulenes with aryl substituents bearing pentafluorosulfanyl groups: synthesis, spectroscopic and halochromic properties. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj05520c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Azulenes with SF5-containing substituents gave significantly different spectroscopic responses to protonation depending on the regioisomer in question.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tony D. James
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Bath
- UK
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies
| | - Jannis Wenk
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies
- University of Bath
- Bath
- UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Water Innovation & Research Centre: WIRC @ Bath, University of Bath
| | - Petra J. Cameron
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Bath
- UK
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies
| | - Simon E. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Bath
- UK
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Narita M, Murafuji T, Yamashita S, Fujinaga M, Hiyama K, Oka Y, Tani F, Kamijo S, Ishiguro K. Synthesis of 2-Iodoazulenes by the Iododeboronation of Azulen-2-ylboronic Acid Pinacol Esters with Copper(I) Iodide. J Org Chem 2018; 83:1298-1303. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Narita
- Graduate
School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Murafuji
- Graduate
School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
- Graduate
School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Saki Yamashita
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujinaga
- Graduate
School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Kumiko Hiyama
- Graduate
School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Yurie Oka
- Graduate
School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Fumito Tani
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shin Kamijo
- Graduate
School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ishiguro
- Graduate
School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Henkel S, Pollok CH, Schleif T, Sander W. Azulenylcarbenes: Rearrangements on the C11H8Potential Energy Surface. Chemistry 2016; 22:12479-86. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Henkel
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Corina H. Pollok
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Tim Schleif
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; 44780 Bochum Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Park S, Jeon WH, Yong WS, Lee PH. Synthesis of Azulen-1-yl Ketones via Oxidative Cleavage of C–C Multiple Bonds in N-Sulfonyl Enamides and 1-Alkynes under Air and Natural Sunlight. Org Lett 2015; 17:5060-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sangjune Park
- National Creative Research
Initiative Center for Catalytic Organic Reactions, Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Hyung Jeon
- National Creative Research
Initiative Center for Catalytic Organic Reactions, Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Soon Yong
- National Creative Research
Initiative Center for Catalytic Organic Reactions, Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil Ho Lee
- National Creative Research
Initiative Center for Catalytic Organic Reactions, Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Park S, Yong WS, Kim S, Lee PH. Diastereoselective N-Sulfonylaminoalkenylation of Azulenes from Terminal Alkynes and Azides via N-Sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles. Org Lett 2014; 16:4468-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ol502208w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sangjune Park
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Soon Yong
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyuck Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Devendar B, Ku CK, Cheng LY, Yang SJ, Chen JX, Wu CP. A Convenient and Simple Synthesis of Densely Functionalized Cyclopenta[cd]azulenes and Cyclopenta[ef]heptalenes. Helv Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201300192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
18
|
Nakae T, Kikuchi T, Mori S, Okujima T, Murafuji T, Uno H. Bisarylation of 1,1′,3,3′-Tetrahalo-2,2′-biazulene under Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-coupling Conditions. CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.131142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nakae
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University
| | - Takashi Kikuchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Integrated Center for Sciences, Ehime University
| | - Tetsuo Okujima
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University
| | | | - Hidemitsu Uno
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen CY, Bocian DF, Lindsey JS. Synthesis of 24 bacteriochlorin isotopologues, each containing a symmetrical pair of 13C or 15N atoms in the inner core of the macrocycle. J Org Chem 2014; 79:1001-16. [PMID: 24422909 DOI: 10.1021/jo402488n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic bacteriochlorins containing site-specific isotopic substitution enable spectroscopic interrogation to delineate physicochemical features relevant to bacteriochlorophylls in photosynthesis but have been little explored. A de novo synthesis has been employed to prepare bacteriochlorins wherein each macrocycle contains a pair of (13)C or (15)N atoms yet lacks substituents other than a geminal dimethyl group in each pyrroline ring. Preparation of a dihydrodipyrrin–acetal with single-isotopic substitution gives rise to a bacteriochlorin that contains two isotopic substitutions symmetrically disposed by a 180° rotation about the normal to the plane of the macrocycle. Eight such isotopically substituted bacteriochlorins were prepared from commercially available reactants (bacteriochlorin sites): ((13)C)paraformaldehyde (1, 11); ((13)C)formamide (4, 14); triethyl ((13)C)orthoformate (5, 15); K(13)CN (6, 16); (13)CH3NO2 (9, 19); N,N-dimethyl((13)C)formamide (10, 20); ((15)N)pyrrole (21, 23); CH3(15)NO2 (22, 24). Some loss of (15)N upon TiCl3-mediated McMurry-type ring closure of a nitro((15)N)hexanone is attributed to a parallel sequence of three reactions (Nef, exchange with natural-abundance NH4OAc buffer, and Paal–Knorr ring closure) leading to the dihydrodipyrrin–acetal. Zinc and copper chelates of each bacteriochlorin also were prepared. Together, the 24 bacteriochlorin isotopologues should provide valuable benchmarks for understanding ground- and excited-state molecular physics of the macrocycles related to photosynthetic function of bacteriochlorophylls.
Collapse
|
20
|
Shoji T, Maruyama A, Ito S, Okujima T, Yasunami M, Higashi J, Morita N. Synthesis of 2-Aryl- and 6-Heteroaryl-1,3-di(4-pyridyl)azulenes by Katritzky’s Pyridylation of 2-Aryl- and 6-Heteroarylazulenes. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/com-14-13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
21
|
Shoji T, Yamamoto A, Shimomura E, Maruyama M, Ito S, Okujima T, Toyota K, Morita N. Synthesis of 1,6′-Bi- and 1,6′:3,6′′-Terazulenes from 1-Pyridyl- and 1,3-Di(pyridyl)azulenes by the Ziegler–Hafner Method. CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.130157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Shoji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University
| | - Atsuyo Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University
| | - Erika Shimomura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University
| | | | - Shunji Ito
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University
| | - Tetsuo Okujima
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University
| | - Kozo Toyota
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University
| | - Noboru Morita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Regioselective coupling reaction of azulene with α,β-unsaturated ketones by Mg-promoted reduction. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|