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La Ferla B, D’Orazio G. Pyranoid Spirosugars as Enzyme Inhibitors. Curr Org Synth 2021; 18:3-22. [DOI: 10.2174/1570179417666200924152648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Pyranoid spirofused sugar derivatives represent a class of compounds with a significant
impact in the literature. From the structural point of view, the rigidity inferred by the spirofused entity has made
these compounds object of interest mainly as enzymatic inhibitors, in particular, carbohydrate processing enzymes.
Among them glycogen phosphorylase and sodium glucose co-transporter 2 are important target enzymes
for diverse pathological states. Most of the developed compounds present the spirofused entity at the C1 position
of the sugar moiety; nevertheless, spirofused entities can also be found at other sugar ring positions. The main
spirofused entities encountered are spiroacetals/thioacetals, spiro-hydantoin and derivatives, spiro-isoxazolines,
spiro-aminals, spiro-lactams, spiro-oxathiazole and spiro-oxazinanone, but also others are present.
Objectives:
The present review focuses on the most explored synthetic strategies for the preparation of this class
of compounds, classified according to the position and structure of the spirofused moiety on the pyranoid scaffold.
Moreover, the structures are correlated to their main biological activities or to their role as chiral auxiliaries.
Conclusion:
It is clear from the review that, among the different derivatives, the spirofused structures at position
C1 of the pyranoid scaffold are the most represented and possess the most relevant enzymatic inhibitor activities.
Nevertheless, great efforts have been devoted to the introduction of the spirofused entity also in the other positions,
mainly for the preparation of biologically active compounds but also for the synthesis of chiral auxiliaries
useful in asymmetric reactions; examples of such auxiliaries are the spirofused chiral 1,3-oxazolidin-2-ones and
1,3-oxazolidine-2-thiones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara La Ferla
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D’Orazio
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Wu J, Zhu H, Zhao M, Wang Y, Yang G, Wang Y, Zhao S, Gui L, Zhang X, Peng S. IQCA-TASS: a nano-scaled P-selectin inhibitor capable of targeting thrombus and releasing IQCA/TARGD(S)S in vivo. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:917-927. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02705a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Thrombosis is a serious threat to human health worldwide. Tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (IQCA) is an antithrombotic agent, while Thr-Ala-Arg-Gly-Asp(Ser)-Ser (TASS) can target thrombus.
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Miyachi A, Dohi H, Neri P, Mori H, Uzawa H, Seto Y, Nishida Y. Multivalent Galacto-trehaloses: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation under the Concept of Carbohydrate Modules. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:1846-53. [DOI: 10.1021/bm900283x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Miyachi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, Faculty of Biomolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8510, Japan, Department of Public Health Pharmacy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 502-8585, Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8586, Japan, and National Research Institute of Police Science (NRIPS), 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Dohi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, Faculty of Biomolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8510, Japan, Department of Public Health Pharmacy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 502-8585, Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8586, Japan, and National Research Institute of Police Science (NRIPS), 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Paola Neri
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, Faculty of Biomolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8510, Japan, Department of Public Health Pharmacy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 502-8585, Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8586, Japan, and National Research Institute of Police Science (NRIPS), 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mori
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, Faculty of Biomolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8510, Japan, Department of Public Health Pharmacy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 502-8585, Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8586, Japan, and National Research Institute of Police Science (NRIPS), 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Uzawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, Faculty of Biomolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8510, Japan, Department of Public Health Pharmacy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 502-8585, Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8586, Japan, and National Research Institute of Police Science (NRIPS), 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Yasuo Seto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, Faculty of Biomolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8510, Japan, Department of Public Health Pharmacy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 502-8585, Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8586, Japan, and National Research Institute of Police Science (NRIPS), 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishida
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, Faculty of Biomolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8510, Japan, Department of Public Health Pharmacy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 502-8585, Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8586, Japan, and National Research Institute of Police Science (NRIPS), 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
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Shingu Y, Miyachi A, Miura Y, Kobayashi K, Nishida Y. One-pot α-glycosylation pathway via the generation in situ of α-glycopyranosyl imidates in N,N-dimethylformamide. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:2236-44. [PMID: 16098494 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2005] [Accepted: 07/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Divergent pathways are disclosed in the activation of 2-O-benzyl-1-hydroxy sugars by a reagent combination of CBr4 and Ph3P, all of which afford one-pot alpha-glycosylation methods. When this reagent is used in CH2Cl2, the 1-hydroxy sugar is converted to the alpha-glycosyl bromide in a conventional way and leads to the one-pot alpha-glycosylation method based on a halide ion-catalytic mechanism. In either DMF or a mixture of DMF and CHCl3, however, alternative alpha-glycosyl species are generated. From the 1H and 13C NMR study of the products, as well as the reactions using Vilsmeier reagents [(CH3)2N+=CHX]X- (X=Br and Cl), these were identified as cationic alpha-glycopyranosyl imidates having either Br- or Cl- counter ion. The cationic alpha-glycosyl imidate (Br-), derived specifically in the presence of DMF, is more reactive than the alpha-glycosyl bromide and thus is responsible for the accelerated one-pot alpha-glycosylation. The one-pot alpha-glycosylation methodology performed in DMF was assessed also with different types of acceptor substrates including tertiary alcohols and an anomeric mixture of 1-OH sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Shingu
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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