1
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Sameem B, Karuso P, Liu F. Hypervalent silicate-assisted azidation approach for the substituted azepane motif. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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2
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Synthesis of Functionalized Azepines via Cu(I)-Catalyzed Tandem Amination/Cyclization Reaction of Fluorinated Allenynes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165195. [PMID: 36014436 PMCID: PMC9416787 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient method for the selective preparation of trifluoromethyl-substituted azepin-2-carboxylates and their phosphorous analogues has been developed via Cu(I)-catalyzed tandem amination/cyclization reaction of functionalized allenynes with primary and secondary amines.
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3
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Unsworth WP, Stephens TC. Strategies for the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Macrocycles and Medium‐Sized Rings. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527832002.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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4
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Ahmad S, Akhtar R, Zahoor AF. Comprehensive Account on the Synthesis of (-)-Balanol and its Analogues. Curr Org Synth 2021; 19:56-85. [PMID: 34370642 DOI: 10.2174/1570179418666210809131917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variety of diseases have been associated with hyperactivation of protein kinase C (PKC) enzymes such as cancer, diabetes, asthma, cardiovascular and central nervous system disorders. There is a dire need to selectively inhibit these enzymes by synthesizing new potent inhibitors. Balanol, a fungal metabolite belonging to the PKC inhibitor family, is especially included in this aspect. Tremendous effort has been put towards the synthesis of balanol by different research groups. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to provide a detailed description of synthetic approaches adopted for the synthesis of key fragments of balanol (azepane and benzophenone). All the factors that resulted in excellent yield and high enantioselectivity have also been mentioned. CONCLUSION It has been shown throughout this review that the synthesis of hexahydroazepine and benzophenone cores of balanol was achieved by employing a variety of important key steps with commercially available starting precursors, which make this total synthesis more valuable. Moreover, this article provides ideas to the synthetic as well as pharmaceutical chemists for the synthesis of (-)-balanol and its analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, 38000-Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000-Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000-Faisalabad, Pakistan
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5
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Morita N, Tamura O. Strategic Use of Difference of Valence of Gold Catalysts: Development of Cyclization Reactions Oriented toward Synthetic Diversity Using Propargylic Alcohols. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2021. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.79.652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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6
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Zachmann RJ, Fürstner A. Light-Driven gem Hydrogenation: An Orthogonal Entry into "Second-Generation" Ruthenium Carbene Catalysts for Olefin Metathesis. Chemistry 2021; 27:7663-7666. [PMID: 33871083 PMCID: PMC8251631 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The newly discovered light-driven gem hydrogenation of alkynes opens an unconventional yet efficient entry into five-coordinate Grubbs-type ruthenium carbene complexes with cis-disposed chloride ligands. Representatives of this class featuring a chelate substructure formed by an iodo-substituted benzylidene unit react with (substituted) 2-isopropoxystyrene to give prototypical "second-generation" Grubbs-Hoveyda complexes for olefin metathesis. The new approach to this venerable catalyst family is safe and versatile as it uses a triple bond rather than phenyldiazomethane as the ultimate carbene source and does not require any sacrificial phosphines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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7
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Yao Y, Yin Z, He FS, Qin X, Xie W, Wu J. Photoinduced intramolecular carbosulfonylation of alkynes: access to sulfone-containing dibenzazepines from sulfur dioxide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2883-2886. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07927h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-driven three-component carbosulfonylation of terminal alkynes, DABCO (SO2)2 and aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates is developed, leading to sulfone-containing dibenzazepines in moderate to good yields under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies
- Taizhou University
- 1139 Shifu Avenue
- Taizhou 318000
- China
| | - Ziqing Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies
- Taizhou University
- 1139 Shifu Avenue
- Taizhou 318000
- China
| | - Fu-Sheng He
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies
- Taizhou University
- 1139 Shifu Avenue
- Taizhou 318000
- China
| | - Xuwei Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies
- Taizhou University
- 1139 Shifu Avenue
- Taizhou 318000
- China
| | - Wenlin Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
- Xiangtan 411201
- China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies
- Taizhou University
- 1139 Shifu Avenue
- Taizhou 318000
- China
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8
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Chavan SP, Kalbhor DB, Gonnade RG. Divergent approach to the synthesis of (-)-balanol heterocycle and cis-3-hydroxypipecolic acid based on chiral 2-aminoalkanol equivalent. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Biberger T, Zachmann RJ, Fürstner A. Grubbs Metathesis Enabled by a Light-Driven gem-Hydrogenation of Internal Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18423-18429. [PMID: 32608043 PMCID: PMC7589215 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
[(NHC)(cymene)RuCl2 ] (NHC=N-heterocyclic carbene) complexes instigate a light-driven gem-hydrogenation of internal alkynes with concomitant formation of discrete Grubbs-type ruthenium carbene species. This unorthodox reactivity mode is harnessed in the form of a "hydrogenative metathesis" reaction, which converts an enyne substrate into a cyclic alkene. The intervention of ruthenium carbenes formed in the actual gem-hydrogenation step was proven by the isolation and crystallographic characterization of a rather unusual representative of this series carrying an unconfined alkyl group on a disubstituted carbene center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Biberger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
| | | | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
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10
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Biberger T, Zachmann RJ, Fürstner A. Grubbs Metathesis Enabled by a Light‐Driven
gem
‐Hydrogenation of Internal Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Biberger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | | | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
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11
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Giesen JA, Grayson SM. Selective monobenzylation of 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (bis-MPA) to yield an AB linear monomer and analogous linear oligomers. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Abstract
Marine natural products (MNPs) containing pyrone rings have been isolated
from numerous marine organisms, and also produced by marine fungi and bacteria, particularly,
actinomycetes. They constitute a versatile structure unit of bioactive natural
products that exhibit various biological activities such as antibiotic, antifungal, cytotoxic,
neurotoxic, phytotoxic and anti-tyrosinase. The two structure isomers of pyrone ring are γ-
pyrone and α-pyrone. In terms of chemical motif, γ-pyrone is the vinologous form of α-
pyrone which possesses a lactone ring. Actinomycete bacteria are responsible for the production
of several α-pyrone compounds such as elijopyrones A-D, salinipyrones and violapyrones
etc. to name a few. A class of pyrone metabolites, polypropionates which have
fascinating carbon skeleton, is primarily produced by marine molluscs. Interestingly, some
of the pyrone polytketides which are found in cone snails are actually synthesized by actinomycete bacteria.
Several pyrone derivatives have been obtained from marine fungi such as Aspergillums flavus, Altenaria sp.,
etc. The γ-pyrone derivative namely, kojic acid obtained from Aspergillus fungus has high commercial demand
and finds various applications. Kojic acid and its derivative displayed inhibition of tyrosinase activity and, it is
also extensively used as a ligand in coordination chemistry. Owing to their commercial and biological significance,
the synthesis of pyrone containing compounds has been given attention over the past years. Few reviews
on the total synthesis of pyrone containing natural products namely, polypropionate metabolites have been reported.
However, these reviews skipped other marine pyrone metabolites and also omitted discussion on isolation
and detailed biological activities. This review presents a brief account of the isolation of marine metabolites
containing a pyrone ring and their reported bio-activities. Further, the review covers the synthesis of marine
pyrone metabolites such as cyercene-A, placidenes, onchitriol-I, onchitriol-II, crispatene, photodeoxytrichidione,
(-) membrenone-C, lihualide-B, macrocyclic enol ethers and auripyrones-A & B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisham S. Singh
- Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula-403004, Goa, India
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13
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Smit W, Ekeli JB, Occhipinti G, Woźniak B, Törnroos KW, Jensen VR. Z-Selective Monothiolate Ruthenium Indenylidene Olefin Metathesis Catalysts. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wietse Smit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen Norway
| | - Jonas B. Ekeli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen Norway
| | - Giovanni Occhipinti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen Norway
| | - Bartosz Woźniak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen Norway
| | - Karl W. Törnroos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen Norway
| | - Vidar R. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen Norway
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14
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Chen KC, Barve IJ, Sun CM. Catalyst-Controlled Regioselective Synthesis of Benzotriazlolodiazepin-7-ones and Benzotriazolodiazocin-8-ones. Org Lett 2019; 22:428-432. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chi Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Indrajeet J. Barve
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune, India
| | - Chung-Ming Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan First Road, Kaohsiung 807-08, Taiwan, Republic of China
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15
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Müller DS, Raoul Y, Le Nôtre J, Baslé O, Mauduit M. In Situ Generation of Ru-Based Metathesis Catalyst. A Systematic Study. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Müller
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Yann Raoul
- OLEON SAS, Venette BP 20609, 60206 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Jérôme Le Nôtre
- PIVERT SAS, Rue les Rives de l’Oise CS50149, 60201 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Baslé
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Marc Mauduit
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
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16
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Masson G, Rioton S, Gomez Pardo D, Cossy J. Access to Enantio-enriched Substituted α-Trifluoromethyl Azepanes from l-Proline. Org Lett 2018; 20:5019-5022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Masson
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI), UMR 8231, ESPCI Paris/CNRS, PSL University, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris 75231 Cedex 05, France
| | - Sarah Rioton
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI), UMR 8231, ESPCI Paris/CNRS, PSL University, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris 75231 Cedex 05, France
| | - Domingo Gomez Pardo
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI), UMR 8231, ESPCI Paris/CNRS, PSL University, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris 75231 Cedex 05, France
| | - Janine Cossy
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI), UMR 8231, ESPCI Paris/CNRS, PSL University, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris 75231 Cedex 05, France
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17
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Yu M, Lou S, Gonzalez-Bobes F. Ring-Closing Metathesis in Pharmaceutical Development: Fundamentals, Applications, and Future Directions. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - Sha Lou
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - Francisco Gonzalez-Bobes
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
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18
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Moore AF, Newman DJ, Ranganathan S, Liu F. Imaginative Order from Reasonable Chaos: Conformation-Driven Activity and Reactivity in Exploring Protein–Ligand Interactions. Aust J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/ch18416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sir Derek Barton’s seminal work on steroid conformational analysis opened up a new era of enquiry into how the preferred conformation of any molecule could have profound effects on its physical–chemical properties and activities. Conformation-based effects on molecular activity and reactivity continue to manifest, with one key area of investigation currently focussed on conformational entropy in driving protein–ligand interactions. Carrying on from Barton’s initial insight on natural product conformational properties, new questions now address how conformational flexibility within a bioactive natural product structural framework (reasonable chaos), can be directed to confer dynamically new protein–ligand interactions beyond the basic lock–key model (imaginative order). Here we summarise our work on exploring conformational diversity from fluorinated natural product fragments, and how this approach of conformation-coupled diversity-oriented synthesis can be used to iteratively derive ligands with enhanced specificity against highly homologous protein domains. Our results demonstrate that the conformation entropic states of highly conserved protein domains differ significantly, and this conformational diversity, beyond primary sequence analysis, can be duly captured and exploited by natural-product derived ligands with complementary conformational dynamics for enhancing recognition specificity in drug lead discovery.
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19
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Wang S, An XD, Li SS, Liu X, Liu Q, Xiao J. Hydride transfer initiated ring expansion of pyrrolidines toward highly functionalized tetrahydro-1-benzazepines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:13833-13836. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08238c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first example of ring expansion from a five-membered nitrogen-containing ring to a seven-membered heterocyclic ring has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Qingdao Agricultural University
- Qingdao 266109
- China
| | - Xiao-De An
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Qingdao Agricultural University
- Qingdao 266109
- China
| | - Shuai-Shuai Li
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Qingdao Agricultural University
- Qingdao 266109
- China
| | - Xicheng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Shandong University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266590
- China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Qingdao Agricultural University
- Qingdao 266109
- China
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20
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Spedding H, Karuso P, Liu F. Synthesis of Substituted Oxo-Azepines by Regio- and Diastereoselective Hydroxylation. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111871. [PMID: 29088108 PMCID: PMC6150284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Harold Spedding
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Peter Karuso
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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21
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22
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Choi J, Yadav NN, Ha HJ. Preparation of a Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ion and Its Ring Expansion toward Piperidines and Azepanes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Choi
- Department of Chemistry; Hankuk University of Foreign Studies; Yongin 17035 Korea
| | - Nagendra Nath Yadav
- Department of Chemistry; North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli; Arunachal Pradesh 791109 India
| | - Hyun-Joon Ha
- Department of Chemistry; Hankuk University of Foreign Studies; Yongin 17035 Korea
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23
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Solola LA, Zabula AV, Dorfner WL, Manor BC, Carroll PJ, Schelter EJ. Cerium(IV) Imido Complexes: Structural, Computational, and Reactivity Studies. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2435-2442. [PMID: 28076948 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of alkali metal capped cerium(IV) imido complexes, [M(solv)x][Ce═N(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)(TriNOx)] (M = Li, K, Rb, Cs; solv = TMEDA, THF, Et2O, or DME), was isolated and fully characterized. An X-ray structural investigation of the cerium imido complexes demonstrated the impact of the alkali metal counterions on the geometry of the [Ce═N(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)(TriNOx)]- moiety. Substantial shortening of the Ce═N bond was observed with increasing size of the alkali metal cation. The first complex featuring an unsupported, terminal multiple bond between a Ce(IV) ion and a ligand fragment was also isolated by encapsulation of a Cs+ counterion with 2.2.2-cryptand. This complex shows the shortest recorded Ce═N bond length of 2.077(3) Å. Computational investigation of the cerium imido complexes using DFT methods showed a relatively larger contribution of the cerium 5d orbital than the 4f orbital to the Ce═N bonds. The [K(DME)2][Ce═N(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)(TriNOx)] complex cleaves the Si-O bond in (Me3Si)2O, yielding the [(Me3SiO)CeIV(TriNOx)] adduct. The reaction of the rubidium capped imido complex with benzophenone resulted in the formation of a rare Ce(IV)-oxo complex, that was stabilized by a supramolecular, tetrameric oligomerization of the Ce═O units with rubidium cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukman A Solola
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Alexander V Zabula
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Walter L Dorfner
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Brian C Manor
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Eric J Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Patel AR, Hardianto A, Ranganathan S, Liu F. Divergent response of homologous ATP sites to stereospecific ligand fluorination for selectivity enhancement. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:1570-1574. [PMID: 28119986 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00129k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acquiring a divergent response from homologous protein domains is essential for selective ligand-protein interactions. Stereospecific fluorination of (-)-balanol, an ATP mimic, uncovers a new source of selectivity from integrated chemical and conformational perturbation that differentiates homologous sites by the level of congruency in their response to local and remote fluorine effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpesh Ramanlal Patel
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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25
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Rohokale R, Dhavale D. Chiron approach towards the synthesis of (2S,3R)-3-hydroxyornithine, (2S,3R)-3-hydroxylysine and tetrahydroazepine core of (−)-balanol. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Prochnow T, Back DF, Zeni G. Iron(III) Chloride and Diorganyl Diselenide-Promoted Nucleophilic Closures of 1-Benzyl-2-alkynylbenzenes in the Preparation of 9-(Organoselanyl)-5H-benzo[7]annulenes. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201501055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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27
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Piola L, Nahra F, Nolan SP. Olefin metathesis in air. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:2038-56. [PMID: 26664625 PMCID: PMC4661004 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery and now widespread use of olefin metathesis, the evolution of metathesis catalysts towards air stability has become an area of significant interest. In this fascinating area of study, beginning with early systems making use of high oxidation state early transition metal centers that required strict exclusion of water and air, advances have been made to render catalysts more stable and yet more functional group tolerant. This review summarizes the major developments concerning catalytic systems directed towards water and air tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Piola
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Fady Nahra
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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28
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René O, Stepek IA, Gobbi A, Fauber BP, Gaines S. Palladium-Catalyzed Ring Expansion of Spirocyclopropanes to Form Caprolactams and Azepanes. J Org Chem 2015; 80:10218-25. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier René
- Genentech, Incorporated, Discovery Chemistry, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Iain A. Stepek
- Genentech, Incorporated, Discovery Chemistry, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Alberto Gobbi
- Genentech, Incorporated, Discovery Chemistry, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Benjamin P. Fauber
- Genentech, Incorporated, Discovery Chemistry, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Simon Gaines
- Argenta, Discovery Services, Charles River, 7-9 Spire Green Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
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29
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Hoffmeister L, Fukuda T, Pototschnig G, Fürstner A. Total Synthesis of an Exceptional Brominated 4-Pyrone Derivative of Algal Origin: An Exercise in Gold Catalysis and Alkyne Metathesis. Chemistry 2015; 21:4529-33. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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30
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Fustero S, Simón-Fuentes A, Barrio P, Haufe G. Olefin Metathesis Reactions with Fluorinated Substrates, Catalysts, and Solvents. Chem Rev 2014; 115:871-930. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500182a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Santos Fustero
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Laboratorio
de Moléculas Orgánicas, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, E-46012 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Barrio
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Günter Haufe
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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31
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Saha T, Maitra R, Chattopadhyay SK. A unified approach to the important protein kinase inhibitor balanol and a proposed analogue. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:2910-5. [PMID: 24454570 PMCID: PMC3896276 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A common approach to the important protein kinase inhibitor (−)-balanol and an azepine-ring-modified balanol derivative has been developed using an efficient fragment coupling protocol which proceeded in good overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Saha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani - 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Ratnava Maitra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani - 741235, West Bengal, India
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32
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Kondoh A, Arlt A, Gabor B, Fürstner A. Total synthesis of nominal gobienine A. Chemistry 2013; 19:7731-8. [PMID: 23589394 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The lichen-derived glycoconjugate gobienine A is structurally more complex than most glycolipids isolated from higher plants by virtue of the all-cis substituted γ-lactone substructure embedded into its macrocyclic frame. A concise entry into this very epimerization-prone and hence challenging structural motif is presented, which relies on an enantioselective cyanohydrin formation, an intramolecular Blaise reaction, a palladium-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation, and a diastereoselective hydrogenation of the tetrasubstituted alkene in the resulting butenolide. This strategy, in combination with ring-closing olefin metathesis for the formation of the macrocyclic perimeter, allowed the proposed structure of gobienine A (1) to be formed in high overall yield. The recorded spectral data show that the structure originally attributed to gobienine A is incorrect and that it is not the epimerization-prone ester site on the butanolide ring that is the locus of misassignment; rather, the discrepancy must be more profound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Kondoh
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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33
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Arlt A, Benson S, Schulthoff S, Gabor B, Fürstner A. A total synthesis of spirastrellolide A methyl ester. Chemistry 2013; 19:3596-608. [PMID: 23420709 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A concise total synthesis of spirastrellolide A methyl ester (1 a, R(1) =Me) as the parent compound of a series of highly cytotoxic marine macrolides is disclosed, which exploits and expands the flexibility of a synthesis plan previously developed by our group en route to the sister compound spirastrellolide F methyl ester (6 a, R(1) =Me). Key to success was the masking of the signature Δ(15,16) -bond of 1 a as a C16-carbonyl group until after the stereogenic center at C24 had been properly set by a highly selective hydrogenation of the C24 exo-methylene precursor 66. Conformational control over the macrocyclic frame allowed the proper stereochemical course to be dialed into this reduction process. The elaboration of the C16 ketone to the C15-C16 double bond was accomplished by a chemoselective alkenyl triflate formation followed by a palladium-catalyzed hydride delivery. The role of the ketone at C16 as a strategic design element is also evident up-stream of the key intermediate 66, the assembly of which hinged upon the addition of the polyfunctionalized dithiane 37 to the similarly elaborate aldehyde fragment 46. Other crucial steps of the total synthesis were an alkyl-Suzuki coupling and a Yamaguchi lactonization that allowed the Northern and the Southern sector of the target to be stitched together and the macrocyclic perimeter to be forged. The lateral chain comprising the remote C46 stereocenter was finally attached to the core region by a modified Julia-Kocienski olefination. The preparation of the individual building blocks led to some methodological spin-offs, amongst which the improved procedure for the N-O-bond cleavage of isoxazolines by zero-valent molybdenum and the ozonolysis of a double bond in the presence of other oxidation-prone functionality are most noteworthy. Preliminary biological data suggest that the entire carbon framework, that is the macrocyclic core plus the lateral chain, might be necessary for high cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Arlt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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34
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35
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36
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Ahmad S, Sutherland A. Stereoselective synthesis of hydroxylated 3-aminoazepanes using a multi-bond forming, three-step tandem process. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:8251-9. [PMID: 22961458 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26544c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Ahmad
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, UK
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37
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Pradère U, Clavier H, Roy V, Nolan SP, Agrofoglio LA. The Shortest Strategy for Generating Phosphonate Prodrugs by Olefin Cross-Metathesis - Application to Acyclonucleoside Phosphonates. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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38
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Wuttke E, Nägele B, Weibert B, Kessler F. Palladium Alkynyl and Allenylidene Complexes: Very Efficient Precatalysts for C–C Coupling Reactions. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200862m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Wuttke
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Fach 727.
78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Bettina Nägele
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Fach 727.
78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Bernhard Weibert
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Fach 727.
78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Florian Kessler
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Fach 727.
78457 Konstanz, Germany
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39
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Louvel J, Chemla F, Demont E, Ferreira F, Pérez-Luna A, Voituriez A. Stereoselective Synthesis of syn-β-Amino Propargylic Ethers: Application to the Asymmetric Syntheses of (+)-β-Conhydrine and (−)-Balanol. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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40
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Hickmann V, Kondoh A, Gabor B, Alcarazo M, Fürstner A. Catalysis-Based and Protecting-Group-Free Total Syntheses of the Marine Oxylipins Hybridalactone and the Ecklonialactones A, B, and C. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:13471-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ja204027a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Volker Hickmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Azusa Kondoh
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Barbara Gabor
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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41
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Kessler F, Wuttke E, Lehr D, Wang Y, Weibert B, Fischer H. Platinum allenylidene complexes and formation of platinum and palladium acetonitrile alkynyl complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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42
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Heppekausen J, Fürstner A. Rendering Schrock-type Molybdenum Alkylidene Complexes Air Stable: User-Friendly Precatalysts for Alkene Metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201102012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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43
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Heppekausen J, Fürstner A. Rendering Schrock-type molybdenum alkylidene complexes air stable: user-friendly precatalysts for alkene metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:7829-32. [PMID: 21726027 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201102012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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44
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Mahajan V, Gais H. Ring‐Closing Metathesis of Sulfoximine‐Substituted N‐Tethered Trienes: Modular Asymmetric Synthesis of Medium‐Ring Nitrogen Heterocycles. Chemistry 2011; 17:6187-95. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Mahajan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen (Germany), Fax: (+49) 241‐8092665
- Present address: SAI Advantium Pharma Ltd, Chrysalis Enclave, International Biotech Park, Phase II, Hinjewadi, Pune 411057 (India)
| | - Hans‐Joachim Gais
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen (Germany), Fax: (+49) 241‐8092665
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45
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Haas T, Kaspar K, Forner K, Drexler M, Fischer H. Nickel alkynyl and allenylidene complexes: Synthesis and properties. J Organomet Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2010.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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46
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Hudson DM, Valente EJ, Schachner J, Limbach M, Müller K, Schanz HJ. A Ru-vinylvinylidene Complex: Straightforward Synthesis of a Latent Olefin Metathesis Catalyst. ChemCatChem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201000368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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47
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Yar M, Unthank MG, McGarrigle EM, Aggarwal VK. Remote chiral induction in vinyl sulfonium salt-mediated ring expansion of hemiaminals into epoxide-fused azepines. Chem Asian J 2010; 6:372-5. [PMID: 21254413 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yar
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
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48
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Lozano-Vila AM, Monsaert S, Bajek A, Verpoort F. Ruthenium-Based Olefin Metathesis Catalysts Derived from Alkynes. Chem Rev 2010; 110:4865-909. [PMID: 20392041 DOI: 10.1021/cr900346r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Lozano-Vila
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Catalysis, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People’s Republic of China, and College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People’s Republic of China
| | - Stijn Monsaert
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Catalysis, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People’s Republic of China, and College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People’s Republic of China
| | - Agata Bajek
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Catalysis, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People’s Republic of China, and College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People’s Republic of China
| | - Francis Verpoort
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Catalysis, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People’s Republic of China, and College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People’s Republic of China
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49
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Nagano T, Pospísil J, Chollet G, Schulthoff S, Hickmann V, Moulin E, Herrmann J, Müller R, Fürstner A. Total synthesis and biological evaluation of the cytotoxic resin glycosides ipomoeassin A-F and analogues. Chemistry 2010; 15:9697-706. [PMID: 19697385 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A multitasking C-silylation strategy using the readily available compound 26 as a surrogate for cinnamic acid represents the key design element of a total synthesis of all known members of the ipomoeassin family of resin glyosides. This protecting group maneuver allows the unsaturated acids decorating the glucose subunit of the targets to be attached at an early phase of the synthesis, prevents their participation in the ruthenium-catalyzed ring-closing metathesis (RCM) used to form the macrocyclic ring, and protects them against reduction during the hydrogenation of the resulting cycloalkene over Wilkinson's catalyst. As the C-silyl group can be concomitantly removed with the O-TBS substituent using tris(dimethylamino)sulfonium difluorotrimethylsilicate (TASF) in acetonitrile, no separate protecting group manipulations were necessary in the final stages, thus contributing to a favorable overall "economy of steps". In addition to the naturally occurring ipomoeassins, a small set of synthetic analogues has also been prepared by "diverted total synthesis". The cytotoxicity of these compounds was assayed with two different cancer cell lines. The recorded data confirm previous findings that the acylation- and oxygenation pattern of these amphiphilic glycoconjugates is highly correlated with their biological activity profile. Ipomoeassin F turned out to be the most promising member of the series, showing IC(50) values in the low nanomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nagano
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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50
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