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Uras-Aytemiz N, Balcı FM, Devlin JP. Can sulfur-containing molecules solvate/ionize HCl? Solid state solvation of HCl on/in methanethiol clusters/nanoparticles. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:194309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5126029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Uras-Aytemiz
- Department of Chemistry, Karabük University, 78050 Karabük, Turkey and Department of Basic Science, Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University, 10200 Bandrma, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - F. Mine Balcı
- Department of Chemistry, Süleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey
| | - J. Paul Devlin
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
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Olanrewaju BO, Herring-Captain J, Grieves GA, Aleksandrov A, Orlando TM. Probing the Interaction of Hydrogen Chloride with Low-Temperature Water Ice Surfaces Using Thermal and Electron-Stimulated Desorption. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:5936-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jp110332v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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3
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Ayotte P, Marchand P, Daschbach JL, Smith RS, Kay BD. HCl Adsorption and Ionization on Amorphous and Crystalline H2O Films below 50 K. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:6002-14. [DOI: 10.1021/jp110398j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ayotte
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - Patrick Marchand
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - John L. Daschbach
- Fundamental and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Mail Stop K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - R. Scott Smith
- Fundamental and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Mail Stop K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Bruce D. Kay
- Fundamental and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Mail Stop K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Parent P, Lasne J, Marcotte G, Laffon C. HCl adsorption on ice at low temperature: a combined X-ray absorption, photoemission and infrared study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:7142-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02864a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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5
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Park SC, Moon ES, Kang H. Some fundamental properties and reactions of ice surfaces at low temperatures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:12000-11. [PMID: 20683515 DOI: 10.1039/c003592k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ice surfaces offer a unique chemical environment in which reactions occur quite differently from those in liquid water or gas phases. In this article, we examine the basic properties of ice surfaces below the surface premelting temperature and discuss some of the recent investigations carried out on reactions at the ice surfaces. The static and dynamic properties of an ice surface as a reaction medium, such as its structure, molecule diffusion and proton transfer dynamics, and the surface preference of hydronium and hydroxide ions, are discussed in relation to the reactivity of the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Chan Park
- Analytical Research Group, Central R&D Institute, Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Suwon, South Korea 443-743
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6
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Yabushita A, Kanda D, Kawanaka N, Kawasaki M. Vacuum ultraviolet photodissociation and surface morphology change of water ice films dosed with hydrogen chloride. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:154721. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2794342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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7
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Devlin JP, Buch V. Evidence for the surface origin of point defects in ice: Control of interior proton activity by adsorbates. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:091101. [PMID: 17824725 DOI: 10.1063/1.2768517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spectroscopic studies are presented of H-D isotopic exchange in the interior of ice nanocrystals. The exchange process is dominated by ionic and orientational defects long viewed as governing the electrical properties of ice. A new finding that interior exchange rates can be controlled by acidic and basic adsorbates is evidence that the defects originate at the ice surface. In particular, it is argued that interior isotopic exchange is a reflection of proton concentrations equilibrated at the ice surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Paul Devlin
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
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8
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Uras-Aytemiz N, Devlin JP, Sadlej J, Buch V. HCl Solvation at the Surface and within Methanol Clusters/Nanoparticles II: Evidence for Molecular Wires. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:21751-63. [PMID: 17064136 DOI: 10.1021/jp062753z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Condensed-phase solvation of HCl on and within methanol nanoparticles was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, on-the-fly molecular dynamics as implemented in the density functional code Quickstep (which is part of the CP2K package), and ab initio calculations. Adsorption and solvation stages are identified and assigned with the help of calculated infrared spectra obtained from the simulations. The results have been further checked with MP2-level ab initio calculations. The range of acid solvation states extends from the single-coordinated slightly stretched HCl to proton-sharing with Zundel-like methanol O...H+...X- states, and finally to MeOH2+...Cl- units with full proton transfer. Furthermore, once the proton moves to methanol, it is mobilized along methanol molecular chains. Since the proton dynamics reflects the evolving local structures, the "proton" spectra display broad bands usually with underlying continua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Uras-Aytemiz
- Department of Chemistry, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey.
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9
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Park SC, Jung KH, Kang H. H/D isotopic exchange between water molecules at ice surfaces. J Chem Phys 2006; 121:2765-74. [PMID: 15281880 DOI: 10.1063/1.1770548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
H/D isotopic exchange between H(2)O and D(2)O molecules was studied at the surface of ice films at 90-140 K by the technique of Cs(+) reactive ion scattering. Ice films were deposited on a Ru(0001) substrate in different compositions of H(2)O and D(2)O and in various structures to study the kinetics of isotopic exchange. H/D exchange was very slow on an ice film at 95-100 K, even when H(2)O and D(2)O were uniformly mixed in the film. At 140 K, H/D exchange occurred in a time scale of several minutes on the uniform mixture film. Kinetic measurement gave the rate coefficient for the exchange reaction, k(140 K)=1.6(+/-0.3) x 10(-19) cm(2) molecule(-1) s(-1) and k(100 K)< or =5.7(+/-0.5) x 10(-21) cm(2) molecule(-1) s(-1) and the Arrhenius activation energy, E(a)> or =9.8 kJ mol(-1). Addition of HCl on the film to provide excess protons greatly accelerated the isotopic exchange reaction such that it went to completion very quickly at the surface. The rapid reaction, however, was confined within the first bilayer (BL) of the surface and did not readily propagate to the underlying sublayer. The isotopic exchange in the vertical direction was almost completely blocked at 95 K, and it slowly occurred only to a depth of 3 BLs from the surface at 140 K. Thus, the proton transfer was highly directional. The lateral proton transfer at the surface was attributed to the increased mobility of protonic defects at the molecularly disordered and activated surface. The slow, vertical proton transfer was probably assisted by self-diffusion of water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Chan Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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Oxley SP, Zahn CM, Pursell CJ. Diffusion of HDO in Pure and Acid-Doped Ice Films. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:11064-73. [PMID: 16986839 DOI: 10.1021/jp062270v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In these experiments, a few bilayers of D(2)O were vapor-deposited on a pure crystalline H(2)O ice film or an ice film doped with a small amount of HCl. Upon deposition, H/D isotopic exchange quickly converted the D(2)O layer into an HDO-rich mixture layer. Infrared absorption spectroscopy followed the changes of the HDO from the initial HDO mixture layer to HDO isolated in the H(2)O ice film. This was possible because isolated HDO in H(2)O ice has a unique, sharp peak in the O-D stretch region that can be distinguished from the broad peak due to the initial HDO mixture layer. The absorbance of isolated HDO displayed first-order kinetics and was attributed to diffusion of HDO from the HDO-rich mixture layer into the underlying H(2)O ice film. While negligible diffusion was observed for pure ice films and for ice films with HCl concentrations up to 1 x 10(-4) mole fraction, diffusion of HDO occurred for higher concentrations of (2-20) x 10(-4) mole fraction HCl with a concentration-independent rate constant. The diffusion under these conditions followed Arrhenius behavior for T = 135-145 K yielding E(a) = 25 +/- 5 kJ/mol. The mechanism for the HDO diffusion involves either (i) molecular self-diffusion or (ii) long-range H/D diffusion by a series of multiple proton hop and orientational turn steps. While these spectroscopic results compare favorably with recent studies of molecular self-diffusion in low-temperature ice films, the diffusion results from all the ice film studies at low temperatures (ca. T < 170 K) differ from earlier bulk ice studies at higher temperatures (ca. T > 220 K). A comparison and discussion of the various diffusion studies are included in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan P Oxley
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, One Trinity Place, San Antonio, Texas 78212-7200, USA
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11
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Martı´n-Llorente B, Fernández-Torre D, Herrero VJ, Ortega IK, Escribano R, Maté B. Vibrational spectra of crystalline hydrates of atmospheric relevance: Bands of hydrated protons. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Lu H, McCartney SA, Chonde M, Smyla D, Sadtchenko V. Fast thermal desorption spectroscopy study of morphology and vaporization kinetics of polycrystalline ice films. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:44709. [PMID: 16942176 DOI: 10.1063/1.2212395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fast thermal desorption spectroscopy was used to investigate the vaporization kinetics of thin (50-100 nm) H(2)O(18) and HDO tracer layers from 2-5 microm thick polycrystalline H(2)O(16) ice films at temperatures ranging from -15 to -2 degrees C. The isothermal desorption spectra of tracer species demonstrate two distinct peaks, alpha and beta, which we attribute to the vaporization of H(2)O(18) initially trapped at or near the grain boundaries and in the crystallites of the polycrystalline ice, respectively. We show that the diffusive transport of the H(2)O(18) and HDO tracer molecules in the bulk of the H(2)O(16) film is slow as compared to the film vaporization. Thus, the two peaks in the isothermal spectra are due to unequal vaporization rates of H(2)O(18) from grain boundary grooves and from the crystallites and, therefore, can be used to determine independently the vaporization rate of the single crystal part of the film and rate of thermal etching of the film. Our analysis of the tracer vaporization kinetics demonstrates that the vaporization coefficient of single crystal ice is significantly greater than those predicted by the classical vaporization mechanism at temperatures near ice melting point. We discuss surface morphological dynamics and the bulk transport phenomena in single crystal and polycrystalline ice near 0 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Lu
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, USA
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Ortega IK, Escribano R, Herrero VJ, Maté B, Moreno MA. The structure and vibrational frequencies of crystalline HCl trihydrate. J Mol Struct 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2005.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Park SC, Kang H. Adsorption, Ionization, and Migration of Hydrogen Chloride on Ice Films at Temperatures between 100 and 140 K. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:5124-32. [PMID: 16863175 DOI: 10.1021/jp045861z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adsorption of hydrogen chloride (HCl) on water ice films is studied in the temperature range of 100-140 K by using Cs+ reactive ion scattering (Cs+ RIS), low energy sputtering (LES), and temperature-programmed-desorption mass spectrometry (TPDMS). At 100 K, HCl on ice partially dissociates to hydronium and chloride ions and the undissociated HCl exists in two distinct molecular states (alpha- and beta-states). Upon heating of the ice films, HCl molecules in the alpha-state desorb at 135-150 K, whereas those in the beta-state first become ionized and then desorb via recombinative reaction of ions at 170 K. An adsorption kinetics study reveals that HCl adsorption into the ionized state is slightly favored over adsorption into the molecular states at 100 K, leading to earlier saturation of the ionized state. Between the two molecular states, the beta-state is formed first, and the alpha-state appears only at high HCl coverage. At 140 K, ionic dissociation of HCl is completed. The resulting hydronium ion can migrate into the underlying sublayer to a depth <4 bilayers, suggesting that the migration is assisted by self-diffusion of water molecules near the surface. When HCl is covered by a water overlayer at 100 K, its ionization efficiency is enhanced, but a substantial portion of HCl remains undissociated as molecules or contact ion pairs. The observation suggests that three-dimensional surrounding by water molecules does not guarantee ionic dissociation of HCl. Complete ionization of HCl requires additional thermal energy to separate the hydronium and chloride ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Chan Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
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15
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Devlin JP, Gulluru DB, Buch V. Rates and Mechanisms of Conversion of Ice Nanocrystals to Hydrates of HCl and HBr: Acid Diffusion in the Ionic Hydrates. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:3392-401. [PMID: 16851370 DOI: 10.1021/jp0456281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This FTIR study focuses on solid-state chemistry associated with formation and interconversion of the ionic HX (X = Cl, Br) hydrates. Kinetic data are reported for conversions of ice nanocrystal arrays exposed to the saturation pressure of the acids in the 110 approximately 125 K range. The product is amorphous acid dihydrate in the case of HBr, and amorphous monohydrate for HCl. The rate-determining step is identified as HX diffusion through the hydrate product crust toward the interfacial reaction zone, rather than diffusion through ice, as commonly believed. Slowing of the conversion process is thus observed with increasing thickness of the crust. The diffusion coefficient (D(e)) and activation energy values for HX diffusion through the hydrates were evaluated with the help of the shrinking-core model. Hydrate crystallization occurs as a separate step, upon heating above 130 K. Subsequently, rates of reversible transitions between crystal di- and monohydrates were observed upon exposure to acid vapor and acid evacuation. In conversion from di- to monohydrate, the rate slows after fast formation of several layers; subsequently, diffusion through the product crust appears to be the rate-controlling step. The activation energy for HBr diffusion through crystal dihydrate is found to be significantly higher than that for the amorphous analogue. Conjecture is offered for a molecular mechanism of HX transport through the crystal hydrate, based on (i) spectroscopic/computational evidence for the presence of molecular HX bonded to X(-) in each of the ionic hydrate phases and (ii) the relative E(a) values found for HBr and HCl diffusion. Monte Carlo modeling suggests acid transport to the reaction zone along boundaries between "nanocrystallites" generated by multiple hydrate nucleation events at the particle surfaces. The reverse conversion, of crystalline monohydrate particles to the dihydrate phase, as well as dihydrate to trihydrate, displays nearly constant rate throughout the particle conversion; suggesting desorption of HX from the particle surface as the rate-limiting factor. Like for D(e), the activation energies for desorption were found to be approximately 20% greater for HCl than HBr for related hydrate phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Paul Devlin
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA.
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16
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Parent P, Laffon C. Adsorption of HCl on the Water Ice Surface Studied by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:1547-53. [PMID: 16851126 DOI: 10.1021/jp040518f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption state of HCl at 20 and 90 K on crystalline water ice films deposited under ultrahigh vacuum at 150 K has been studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the O1s K-edge and Cl2p L-edge. We show that HCl dissociates at temperatures as low as 20 K, in agreement with the prediction of a spontaneous ionization of HCl on ice. Comparison between the rate of saturation of the "dangling" hydrogen bonds and the chlorine uptake indicates that hydrogen bonding of HCl with the surface native water "dangling" groups only accounts for a small part of the ionization events (20% at 90 K). A further mechanism drives the rest of the dissociation/solvation process. We suggest that the weakening of the ice surface hydrogen-bond network after the initial HCl adsorption phase facilitates the generation of new dissociation/solvation sites, which increases the uptake capacity of ice. These results also emphasize the necessity to take into account not only a single dissociation event but its catalyzing effect on the subsequent events when modeling the uptake of hydrogen-bonding molecules on the ice surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ph Parent
- Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation du Rayonnement Electromagnétique (LURE), Centre Universitaire de Paris-Sud, BP 34, 91898 Orsay Cedex, France.
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Sadtchenko V, Brindza M, Chonde M, Palmore B, Eom R. The vaporization rate of ice at temperatures near its melting point. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:11980-92. [PMID: 15634160 DOI: 10.1063/1.1817820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The first study of free vaporization kinetics of ice at temperatures near its melting point is reported. The experimental approach employed is based on a unique combination of thermal desorption spectroscopy, microcalorimetry, and time-of-flight mass spectrometry, making it possible to overcome challenges associated with the introduction of volatile solids into a high vacuum environment. Measurements of the vaporization rate of polycrystalline ice demonstrate that the vaporization kinetics deviate dramatically from those predicted by a simple mobile precursor mechanism. The vaporization rate follows Arrhenius behavior from -40 to 0 degrees C with an effective activation energy of 50+/-4 kJ/mol, which is significantly higher than the value predicted by the simple mobile precursor mechanism. Extrapolation of earlier measurements conducted below -40 degrees C yields a value of approximately 0.02 at 0 degrees C for the vaporization coefficient alphav. In contrast, experimentally determined vaporization coefficient is found to be 0.7+/-0.3 and shows a weak dependence on temperature up to the bulk melting point. The role of possible surface phase transitions in the mechanisms of release and uptake of H2O and other chemical species by ice surfaces is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Sadtchenko
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
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18
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Yinnon CA, Buch V, Devlin JP. Monte Carlo simulation for the formation of a mixed crystal from two solids in contact. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:11200-8. [PMID: 15268150 DOI: 10.1063/1.1737300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The study focuses on nucleation and growth of a binary mixed crystal phase from two pure crystals in contact. Monte Carlo simulations of this process are conducted, with the dynamics proceeding via activated atom-vacancy exchanges. Intermolecular interactions, ranging up to next-nearest neighbors, are of size typical of hydrogen bonded systems. The process is driven by the formation of strong AB bonds at the expense of weaker AA and BB bonds. In the resulting model, the material is channeled and transported through the mixed phase crust along antiphase boundaries. The flow of molecules through the channels is directed, due to molecular energy lowering via gradual acquisition of an increasing number of nearest neighbors of the second species. On the other hand, defect motion is quasirandom. The model accounts partially for the t(1/alpha) (alpha>3) time dependence observed for conversion of nanoparticles of HBr dihydrate to monohydrate, by exposure to acid adsorbate.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Yinnon
- The Fritz Haber Institute for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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19
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Grecea M, Backus E, Fraser H, Pradeep T, Kleyn A, Bonn M. Mobility of haloforms on ice surfaces. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2003.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Kondo M, Kawanowa H, Gotoh Y, Souda R. Ionization and solvation of HCl adsorbed on the D[sub 2]O-ice surface. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:8589-93. [PMID: 15511184 DOI: 10.1063/1.1804153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of HCl with the D(2)O-ice surface has been investigated in the temperature range 15-200 K by utilizing time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy, temperature-programmed desorption, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The intensities of sputtered H(+)(D(2)O) and Cl(-) ions (the H(+) ions) are increased (decreased) markedly above 40 K due to the hydrogen bond formation between the HCl and D(2)O molecules. The HCl molecules which form ionic hydrates undergo H/D exchange at 110-140 K and a considerable fraction of them dissolves into the bulk above 140 K. The neutral hydrates of HCl should coexist as evidenced by the desorption of HCl above 170 K. They are incorporated completely in the D(2)O layer up to 140 K. The HCl molecules embedded in the thick D(2)O layer dissolve into the bulk, and the ionic hydrate tends to segregate to the surface above 150 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kondo
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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21
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Borodin A, Höfft O, Krischok S, Kempter V. Ionization and Solvation of CsCl Interacting with Solid Water. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0275948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Borodin
- Institut für Physik und Physikalische Technologien, Technische Universität Clausthal, Leibnizstrasse 4, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany, and Institut für Physik und Zentrum für Mikro- und Nanotechnologien der Technische Universität Ilmenau, P. O. Box 100565, D-98684 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - O. Höfft
- Institut für Physik und Physikalische Technologien, Technische Universität Clausthal, Leibnizstrasse 4, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany, and Institut für Physik und Zentrum für Mikro- und Nanotechnologien der Technische Universität Ilmenau, P. O. Box 100565, D-98684 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - S. Krischok
- Institut für Physik und Physikalische Technologien, Technische Universität Clausthal, Leibnizstrasse 4, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany, and Institut für Physik und Zentrum für Mikro- und Nanotechnologien der Technische Universität Ilmenau, P. O. Box 100565, D-98684 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - V. Kempter
- Institut für Physik und Physikalische Technologien, Technische Universität Clausthal, Leibnizstrasse 4, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany, and Institut für Physik und Zentrum für Mikro- und Nanotechnologien der Technische Universität Ilmenau, P. O. Box 100565, D-98684 Ilmenau, Germany
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Buch V, Sadlej J, Aytemiz-Uras N, Devlin JP. Solvation and Ionization Stages of HCl on Ice Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp021539h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Buch
- The Fritz Haber Institute for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Joanna Sadlej
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Polandand Drug Institute, Chelmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - J. Paul Devlin
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078
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23
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Harnett J, Haq S, Hodgson A. Uptake and Reaction of ClONO2 on Water Ice and HCl Trihydrate at Low Temperatures. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp020756f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Harnett
- Surface Science Research Centre, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
| | - S. Haq
- Surface Science Research Centre, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
| | - A. Hodgson
- Surface Science Research Centre, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
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