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Zagho MM, AlMaadeed MAA, Majeed K. Thermal Properties of TiO₂NP/CNT/LDPE Hybrid Nanocomposite Films. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1270. [PMID: 30961195 PMCID: PMC6401859 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aims to investigate the effect of hybrid filler concentration on the thermal stability of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) matrices. LDPE-based composite films were synthesized by melt mixing, followed by compression molding, to study the influence of titanium oxide nanoparticles (TONPs) and/or multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the thermal properties of LDPE matrices. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the slight increase in the band intensities after TONP addition and a remarkable surge after the incorporation of CNTs. The value of crystallization temperature (Tc) was not modified after incorporating TONPs, while an enhancement was observed after adding the hybrid fillers. The melting temperature (Tm) was not changed after introducing the CNTs and CNT/TONP hybrid fillers. The percentage crystallinity (Xc %) was increased by 4% and 6%, after incorporating 1 wt % and 3 wt % CNTs, respectively. The TONP incorporation did not modify the Xc %. Moreover, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) thermograms confirmed the increased thermal stability after introducing CNTs and hybrid fillers compared to TONP incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa M Zagho
- Materials Science and Technology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Mariam Al Ali AlMaadeed
- Materials Science and Technology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Khaliq Majeed
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
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2
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Xu H, Song Y, Jia E, Zheng Q. Dynamics heterogeneity in silica-filled nitrile butadiene rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huilong Xu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yihu Song
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Erwen Jia
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
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Zheng Z, Song Y, Yang R, Zheng Q. Direct Evidence for Percolation of Immobilized Polymer Layer around Nanoparticles Accounting for Sol-Gel Transition in Fumed Silica Dispersions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:13478-13487. [PMID: 26618390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Immobilized polymer fractions have been claimed to be of vital importance for sol-gel transitions generally observed in nanoparticle dispersions but remain a matter of debate regarding mechanism and difficulty for prediction. Here we investigate the immobilized layer structures of trifunctionality polyether polyol (PPG) near the surfaces of hydrophilic and hydrophobic fumed silica (FS) nanoparticles to reveal the role of surface chemistry on the molecular dynamics and sol-gel transitions of the dispersions. Using modulated differential scanning calorimetry, we measure the specific heat capacity during glass transition and the enthalpy during cold-crystallization. Comparing with hydrophobic FS that forms a fully immobilized (glassy) layer, we find that hydrophilic FS immobilizes more PPG, forming a partially immobilized outer layer being unable to crystallize next to the inner glassy layer. By correlating the thickness of the glassy layer with half of the minimum spacing between nanoparticles, we directly evidence the percolation of this layer along the nearest neighbor nanoparticles responsible for the sol-gel transition. Using effective volume fraction including the glassy layer, we successfully construct master curves of relative viscosity of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic FS dispersions, pointing to a common sol-gel transition mechanism mediated by the surface chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zheng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and ‡MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yihu Song
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and ‡MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ruiquan Yang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and ‡MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and ‡MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
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4
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Rizvi R, Naguib H. Effect of carbon nanoparticle type, content, and stress on piezoresistive polyethylene nanocomposites. POLYM ENG SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Rizvi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G8 Canada
| | - H. Naguib
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G8 Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3E4 Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Canada
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5
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Basuli U, Chaki TK, Chattopadhyay S. Mechanical, thermal, and rheological behavior of ethylene methyl acrylate-MWNT nanocomposites. POLYM ENG SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.22081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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6
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Zhan Y, Yang X, Meng F, Lei Y, Zhong J, Zhao R, Liu X. Viscoelasticity and thermal stability of poly(arylene ether nitrile) nanocomposites with various functionalized carbon nanotubes. POLYM INT 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.3086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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7
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Akbar S, Beyou E, Chaumont P, Mazzolini J, Espinosa E, D'agosto F, Boisson C. Synthesis of polyethylene-grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes via a peroxide-initiating radical coupling reaction and by using well-defined TEMPO and thiol end-functionalized polyethylenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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8
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Khan MR, Mahfuz H, Leventouri T, Rangari VK, Kyriacou A. Enhancing toughness of low-density polyethylene filaments through infusion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene. POLYM ENG SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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9
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Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been used in making composites because CNTs have high strength, large aspect-ratio and excellent thermal and electrical conductivity. However, to realize the wide applications of CNT composites, further R&D must be carried out. This review will discuss some fabrication, characterisation and application issues of CNT polymer composites. Aspects to outline are purification, dispersion, alignment, stress transfer, interface bonding, wear and friction and rheological properties. Some research challenges will be briefly highlighted as well, including the mass production of long and aligned CNTs at low cost, and the optimization of the microstructures, properties and functioning features of CNT composites.
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Bratzel GH, Cranford SW, Espinosa H, Buehler MJ. Bioinspired noncovalently crosslinked “fuzzy” carbon nanotube bundles with superior toughness and strength. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm01877e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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11
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Sgobba V, Guldi DM. Carbon nanotubes—electronic/electrochemical properties and application for nanoelectronics and photonics. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:165-84. [DOI: 10.1039/b802652c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Liang S, Wang K, Chen D, Zhang Q, Du R, Fu Q. Shear enhanced interfacial interaction between carbon nanotubes and polyethylene and formation of nanohybrid shish–kebabs. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Lepró X, Terrés E, Vega-Cantú Y, Rodríguez-Macías FJ, Muramatsu H, Kim YA, Hayahsi T, Endo M, Torres R. M, Terrones M. Efficient anchorage of Pt clusters on N-doped carbon nanotubes and their catalytic activity. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Structural orientation and tensile behavior in the extrusion-stretched sheets of polypropylene/multi-walled carbon nanotubes' composite. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Liu J, Wang XL, Zhao L, Zhang G, Lu ZY, Li ZS. The absorption and diffusion of polyethylene chains on the carbon nanotube: The molecular dynamics study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Chae HG, Sreekumar T, Uchida T, Kumar S. A comparison of reinforcement efficiency of various types of carbon nanotubes in polyacrylonitrile fiber. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Xia H, Song M. Preparation and characterization of polyurethane-carbon nanotube composites. SOFT MATTER 2005; 1:386-394. [PMID: 32646106 DOI: 10.1039/b509038e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Well-dispersed and long-term stable carbon nanotubes/polyol dispersions were prepared by a mechanochemical approach with the aid of dispersing agent. Polyurethane (PU)-carbon nanotube nanocomposites were prepared by further polymerization. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) can be dispersed individually. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra suggested that the addition of carbon nanotubes improved the degree of phase separation of polyurethane. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) suggested that glass transition temperature () of polyurethane decreased with increasing carbon nanotube content slightly. Tensile test suggested that MWNT is more helpful to improve the modulus than single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT), which is more favourable to improve the elongation of polyurethane. The different reinforcing effects of MWNT and SWNT on PU were correlated to the shearing thinning exponent and the shape factor of carbon nanotubes in polyol dispersion. Raman shift of SWNTs can reflect the dispersion state of SWNT in polyol or in PU, and the interaction between polymer and SWNT. Both SWNT and MWNT can improve the thermal stability of polyurethane and thermal conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesheng Xia
- Institute of Polymer Technology and Materials Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UKLE11 3TU.
| | - Mo Song
- Institute of Polymer Technology and Materials Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UKLE11 3TU.
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Zhang Y, Shen Y, Li J, Niu L, Dong S, Ivaska A. Electrochemical functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes in large quantities at a room-temperature ionic liquid supported three-dimensional network electrode. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:4797-800. [PMID: 15896013 DOI: 10.1021/la050026+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) was one of selective, clean, and nondestructive chemical methods. But in previous studies it met difficulties in homogeneous electrografting of SWNTs in large quantities because the reaction was often localized on a very thin film (ca. 2 microm). In this report, a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) supported three-dimensional network SWNT electrode was first utilized to break through this barrier. In this work, large quantities of SWNTs were considerably untangled in RTILs so as to greatly increase the effective area of the electrode. N-succinimidyl acrylate (NSA), as a model monomer, was dissolved in the supporting RTILs and was electrografted onto SWNTs (SWNTs-poly-NSA). As an application example, glucose oxidase was directly covalently anchored on the SWNTs-poly-NSA assembly, and the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose in this assembly was investigated. RTILs opened a new path in electrochemical functionalization of SWNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
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Balasubramanian K, Burghard M. Funktionalisierte Kohlenstoff-Nanoröhren: Nanozylinder mit hohem Anwendungspotential. CHEM UNSERER ZEIT 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.200400337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Balasubramanian K, Burghard M. Chemically functionalized carbon nanotubes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2005; 1:180-92. [PMID: 17193428 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200400118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 698] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Since their discovery, carbon nanotubes have attracted the attention of many a scientist around the world. This extraordinary interest stems from their outstanding structural, mechanical, and electronic properties. In fact, apart from being the best and most easily available one-dimensional (1D) model system, carbon nanotubes show strong application potential in electronics, scanning probe microscopy, chemical and biological sensing, reinforced composite materials, and in many more areas. While some of the proposed applications remain still a far-off dream, others are close to technical realization. Recent advances in the development of reliable methods for the chemical functionalization of the nanotubes provide an additional impetus towards extending the scope of their application spectrum. In particular, covalent modification schemes allow persistent alteration of the electronic properties of the tubes, as well as to chemically tailor their surface properties, whereby new functions can be implemented that cannot otherwise be acquired by pristine nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Balasubramanian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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21
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Mylvaganam K, Zhang LC. Nanotube Functionalization and Polymer Grafting: An ab Initio Study. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp048061x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kausala Mylvaganam
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical & Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - L. C. Zhang
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical & Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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