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Somani A, Sander W. Reaction of electrons trapped in cryogenic matrices with benzophenone. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Somani
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II Ruhr‐Universität Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II Ruhr‐Universität Bochum Bochum Germany
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2
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Zhong W, Zhuang Z, Zhu Z, Zhou G, Zhu X, Ma L, Xu B, He G, Gu F, Sun F. Photochemical Construction of Ni/CdS Double‐Walled Magnetic Hollow Microspheres with Simultaneously Enhanced Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Activity and Recyclability. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Zhong
- School of Chemistry South China Normal University Wai Huan West Road Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Zefeng Zhuang
- School of Chemistry South China Normal University Wai Huan West Road Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Zhu
- School of Chemistry South China Normal University Wai Huan West Road Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Guangying Zhou
- School of Environment South China Normal University Wai Huan West Road Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Ximiao Zhu
- School of Chemistry South China Normal University Wai Huan West Road Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Lijun Ma
- School of Chemistry South China Normal University Wai Huan West Road Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Bingjia Xu
- School of Chemistry South China Normal University Wai Huan West Road Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Guping He
- School of Chemistry South China Normal University Wai Huan West Road Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Fenglong Gu
- School of Chemistry South China Normal University Wai Huan West Road Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment Ministry of Education South China Normal University Wai Huan West Road Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Fengqiang Sun
- School of Chemistry South China Normal University Wai Huan West Road Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment Ministry of Education South China Normal University Wai Huan West Road Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage Wai Huan West Road Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
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Walker MM, Koronkiewicz B, Chen S, Houk KN, Mayer JM, Ellman JA. Highly Diastereoselective Functionalization of Piperidines by Photoredox-Catalyzed α-Amino C-H Arylation and Epimerization. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8194-8202. [PMID: 32286827 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a photoredox-catalyzed α-amino C-H arylation reaction of highly substituted piperidine derivatives with electron-deficient cyano(hetero)arenes. The scope and limitations of the reaction were explored, with piperidines bearing multiple substitution patterns providing the arylated products in good yields and with high diastereoselectivity. To probe the mechanism of the overall transformation, optical and fluorescent spectroscopic methods were used to investigate the reaction. By employing flash-quench transient absorption spectroscopy, we were able to observe electron transfer processes associated with radical formation beyond the initial excited-state Ir(ppy)3 oxidation. Following the rapid and unselective C-H arylation reaction, a slower epimerization occurs to provide the high diastereomer ratio observed for a majority of the products. Several stereoisomerically pure products were resubjected to the reaction conditions, each of which converged to the experimentally observed diastereomer ratios. The observed distribution of diastereomers corresponds to a thermodynamic ratio of isomers based upon their calculated relative energies using density functional theory (DFT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan M Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Brian Koronkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - James M Mayer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jonathan A Ellman
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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Neumann S, Kerzig C, Wenger OS. Quantitative insights into charge-separated states from one- and two-pulse laser experiments relevant for artificial photosynthesis. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5624-5633. [PMID: 31293747 PMCID: PMC6553010 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01381d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Charge-separated states (CSSs) are key intermediates in photosynthesis and solar energy conversion. However, the factors governing the formation efficiencies of CSSs are still poorly understood, and light-induced electron-hole recombinations as deactivation pathways competing with desired charge accumulations are largely unexplored. This greatly limits the possibility to perform efficient multi-electron transfer, which is essential for artificial photosynthesis. We present a systematic investigation of two donor-sensitizer-acceptor triads (with different donor-acceptor distances) capable of storing as much as 2.0 eV in their CSSs upon the absorption of a visible photon. Using quantitative one- and two-pulse laser flash photolysis, we provide deep insights into both the CSS formation quantum yield, which can reach up to 80%, and the fate of the CSS upon further (secondary) excitation with green photons. The triad with shorter intramolecular distances shows a remarkable excitation wavelength dependence of the CSS formation quantum yield, and the CSS of this triad undergoes more efficient light-induced charge recombination than the longer equivalent by about one order of magnitude, whilst thermal charge recombination shows the exact opposite behavior. The unexpected results of our detailed photophysical study can be rationalized by detrimental singlet charge transfer states or structural considerations, and could significantly contribute to the future design of CSS precursors for accumulative multi-electron transfer and artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Neumann
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland . ;
| | - Christoph Kerzig
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland . ;
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland . ;
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Ma J, Zhang X, Phillips DL. Time-Resolved Spectroscopic Observation and Characterization of Water-Assisted Photoredox Reactions of Selected Aromatic Carbonyl Compounds. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:726-737. [PMID: 30742408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, unusual and efficient self-photoredox reactions were detected for selected benzophenone derivatives (BPs) and anthraquinone derivatives (AQs) in aqueous environments by Wan and co-workers, where the carbonyl undergoes reduction to the corresponding alcohol and a side-chain alcohol group undergoes oxidation to the corresponding carbonyl. To unravel the photoredox reaction mechanisms of these types of BPs and AQs in aqueous environments, we have utilized a combination of time-resolved spectroscopy techniques such as femtosecond transient absorption, nanosecond transient absorption, and nanosecond time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy to detect and characterize the electronic absorption and vibrational spectra of the intermediates and transient species from the femtosecond to microsecond time region after they are generated in the photoredox reactions. With the assistance of density functional theory calculations to simulate the electronic absorption and Raman spectra, the structural and kinetic information on the key reactive intermediates is described. Furthermore, the reaction pathways were calculated by finding the transition states connecting with the reactant and product complexes to better understand the photoredox reaction mechanism. In this Account, we summarize some of our time-resolved spectroscopic observations and characterization of water-assisted photoredox reactions of selected BPs and AQs. In the strong hydrogen-donor solvent isopropanol, the commonly studied photoreduction reaction for aromatic carbonyls via an intermolecular hydrogen atom tranfer process was observed for BPs and AQs. The photoredox reactions for the investigated BPs and AQs in aqueous environments occur on the triplet excited-state surface. Under moderately acidic aqueous conditions, the photoredox reactions for BPs and AQs are triggered by a proton transfer (PT) pathway. In neutral aqueous solutions, AQs may also undergo proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) leading to the photoredox reaction, while BPs generate the ketyl radical species. Both BPs and AQs prefer the photohydration reaction in high-proton-concentration aqueous solutions (pH 0). The PT and PCET processes were found to offer more possibilities for the aromatic carbonyl compounds to lead to new photochemical reactions like the unusual photoredox reactions associated with BPs and AQs described here. Clear characterization of the photophysical pathways and the photochemical reactions of representative aromatic carbonyl compounds in aqueous environments not only provides fundamental information to better understand the photochemistry of carbonyl-containing compounds but also will facilitate the development of applications of these systems, like photochemical synthesis, drugs, and photolabile protecting groups. In addition, the importance of water molecules in the photochemical reactions of interest here may also lead to further understanding of how water influences the photochemistry of related carbonyl-containing compounds in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Xiting Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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Slanina T, Oberschmid T. Rhodamine 6G Radical: A Spectro (Fluoro) Electrochemical and Transient Spectroscopic Study. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Slanina
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Goethe University Frankfurt; 60323 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Teresa Oberschmid
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Regensburg; 93040 Regensburg Germany
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Fujitsuka M, Majima T. Reaction dynamics of excited radical ions revealed by femtosecond laser flash photolysis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Thum MD, Falvey DE. Photoreleasable Protecting Groups Triggered by Sequential Two-Photon Absorption of Visible Light: Release of Carboxylic Acids from a Linked Anthraquinone-N-Alkylpicolinium Ester Molecule. J Phys Chem A 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Thum
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Daniel E. Falvey
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Zhang D, Jin P, Yang M, Du Y, Zheng X, Xue J. Intermolecular Hydrogen Abstraction from Hydroxy Group and Alkyl by T 1(ππ*) of 1-Chloro-4-nitronaphthalene. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:1831-1837. [PMID: 29432008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b11146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanosecond transient absorption and theoretical calculations have been used to investigate the intermolecular hydrogen abstractions from alcohols and 1-naphthol by the lowest excited triplet (T1) of 1-chloro-4-nitronaphthalene upon excitation of the compound in organic solvents. The hydrogen abstraction of T1 from hydroxy group of 1-naphthol takes place through an electron transfer followed by a proton transfer through hydrogen bonding interaction with rate constants of ∼109 M-1 s-1. Hydrogen-bonding is crucial in this process, indicated by the observation of a half reduction for T1 yield when increasing the concentration of 1-naphthol. The hydrogen abstraction in this way can be decelerated by increasing solvent polarity and hydrogen-bonding donor ability. The T1 of 1-chloro-4-nitronaphthalene can undergo one-step H atom abstraction from alkyl hydrogen in alcoholic solvents, with rate constants of ∼104 M-1 s-1, and produce radical intermediates with the absorption maximum at 368 nm. DFT calculation results indicate both oxygens of the nitro group are active sites for hydrogen abstraction, and the difference of activation barriers for formation of two radical isomers is only 1.0 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Department of Chemsitry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Peipei Jin
- Department of Chemsitry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Chemsitry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yong Du
- Center for THz Research, China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xuming Zheng
- Department of Chemsitry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiadan Xue
- Department of Chemsitry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018, China
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Kuss-Petermann M, Wenger OS. Pump-Pump-Probe Spectroscopy of a Molecular Triad Monitoring Detrimental Processes for Photoinduced Charge Accumulation. Helv Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201600283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 CH-4056 Basel
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Goez M, Kerzig C, Naumann R. An “All-Green” Catalytic Cycle of Aqueous Photoionization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9914-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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Goez M, Kerzig C, Naumann R. An “All-Green” Catalytic Cycle of Aqueous Photoionization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Chen X, Zhang Q, Xu Y, Fang W, Phillips DL. Water-Assisted Self-Photoredox of 3-(Hydroxymethyl)benzophenone: An Unusual Photochemistry Reaction in Aqueous Solution. J Org Chem 2013; 78:5677-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4008783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuebo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of
Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing 100875,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of
Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing 100875,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanchang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of
Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing 100875,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of
Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing 100875,
People’s Republic of China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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Matsui Y, Namai H, Akimoto I, Kan’no KI, Mizuno K, Ikeda H. Twisted molecular geometry and localized electronic structure of the triplet excited gem-diphenyltrimethylenemethane biradical: substituent effects on thermoluminescence and related theoretical calculations. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ma J, Li MD, Phillips DL, Wan P. Reaction Mechanisms and Structural Characterization of the Reactive Intermediates Observed after the Photolysis of 3-(Hydroxymethyl)benzophenone in Acetonitrile, 2-Propanol, and Neutral and Acidic Aqueous Solutions. J Org Chem 2011; 76:3710-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo1024249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Ma
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., P. R. China
| | - Ming-De Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., P. R. China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., P. R. China
| | - Peter Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Box 3065, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3V6
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Sakamoto M, Majima T. Photochemistry for the Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Sakamoto M, Sik Kim S, Furusho H, Majima T. Photochemical fabrication of silvernanostructures at the solid–liquid interface using a recyclable photosensitized reduction process. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:365-72. [DOI: 10.1039/b917981j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Takahashi K, Tezuka H, Kitamura S, Satoh T, Katoh R. Reactions of excited-state benzophenone ketyl radical in a room-temperature ionic liquid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:1963-70. [DOI: 10.1039/b920131a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Sakamoto M, Fujistuka M, Majima T. Light as a construction tool of metal nanoparticles: Synthesis and mechanism. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2008.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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