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Wang Y, Dou W. Nonadiabatic dynamics near metal surface with periodic drivings: A Floquet surface hopping algorithm. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2895265. [PMID: 37290089 DOI: 10.1063/5.0148418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We develop a Floquet surface hopping approach to deal with nonadiabatic dynamics of molecules near metal surfaces subjected to time-periodic drivings from strong light-matter interactions. The method is based on a Floquet classical master equation (FCME) derived from a Floquet quantum master equation (FQME), followed by a Wigner transformation to treat nuclear motion classically. We then propose different trajectory surface hopping algorithms to solve the FCME. We find that a Floquet averaged surface hopping with electron density (FaSH-density) algorithm works the best as benchmarked with the FQME, capturing both the fast oscillations due to the driving and the correct steady-state observables. This method will be very useful to study strong light-matter interactions with a manifold of electronic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjie Dou
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Wu X, Wang R, Zou H, Song B, Wen S, Frauenheim T, Yam C. First-Principles Nonequilibrium Green's Function Approach to Energy Conversion in Nanoscale Optoelectronics. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:5502-5512. [PMID: 36005397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding photon-electron conversion on the nanoscale is essential for future innovations in nano-optoelectronics. In this article, based on nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism, we develop a quantum-mechanical method for modeling energy conversion in nanoscale optoelectronic devices. The method allows us to study photoinduced charge transport and electroluminescence processes in realistic devices. First, we investigate the electroluminescence properties of a two-level model with two different treatments of inelastic scatterings. We show the regime where self-consistency between electron and photon is important for correct description of the inelastic scatterings. The method is then applied to model single-molecule junctions based on the density-functional tight-binding approach. The predicted emission spectra are found to be in very good agreement with experimental measurements. For nanostructured materials, the method is further applied to study the photoresponse of a two-dimensional graphene/graphite-C3N4 heterojunction photovoltaic device. The simulations demonstrate clearly the impact of atomistic details on the optoelectronic properties of nanodevices. This work provides a practical theoretical framework that can be applied to model and design realistic nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wu
- Shenzhen JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute, Longhua District, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Rulin Wang
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hao Zou
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bowen Song
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shizheng Wen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Measurement Technology and Intelligent Systems, School of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Shenzhen JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute, Longhua District, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - ChiYung Yam
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518000, China.,Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited, Unit 909-915 of 17W Building, Science Park, NT, Hong Kong, China
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Hourahine B, Aradi B, Blum V, Bonafé F, Buccheri A, Camacho C, Cevallos C, Deshaye MY, Dumitrică T, Dominguez A, Ehlert S, Elstner M, van der Heide T, Hermann J, Irle S, Kranz JJ, Köhler C, Kowalczyk T, Kubař T, Lee IS, Lutsker V, Maurer RJ, Min SK, Mitchell I, Negre C, Niehaus TA, Niklasson AMN, Page AJ, Pecchia A, Penazzi G, Persson MP, Řezáč J, Sánchez CG, Sternberg M, Stöhr M, Stuckenberg F, Tkatchenko A, Yu VWZ, Frauenheim T. DFTB+, a software package for efficient approximate density functional theory based atomistic simulations. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:124101. [PMID: 32241125 DOI: 10.1063/1.5143190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DFTB+ is a versatile community developed open source software package offering fast and efficient methods for carrying out atomistic quantum mechanical simulations. By implementing various methods approximating density functional theory (DFT), such as the density functional based tight binding (DFTB) and the extended tight binding method, it enables simulations of large systems and long timescales with reasonable accuracy while being considerably faster for typical simulations than the respective ab initio methods. Based on the DFTB framework, it additionally offers approximated versions of various DFT extensions including hybrid functionals, time dependent formalism for treating excited systems, electron transport using non-equilibrium Green's functions, and many more. DFTB+ can be used as a user-friendly standalone application in addition to being embedded into other software packages as a library or acting as a calculation-server accessed by socket communication. We give an overview of the recently developed capabilities of the DFTB+ code, demonstrating with a few use case examples, discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the various features, and also discuss on-going developments and possible future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hourahine
- SUPA, Department of Physics, The University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - B Aradi
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - V Blum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - F Bonafé
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Buccheri
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - C Camacho
- School of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - C Cevallos
- School of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - M Y Deshaye
- Department of Chemistry and Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Center, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, USA
| | - T Dumitrică
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Dominguez
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - S Ehlert
- University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Elstner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T van der Heide
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - J Hermann
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Irle
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J J Kranz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Köhler
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - T Kowalczyk
- Department of Chemistry and Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Center, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, USA
| | - T Kubař
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - I S Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - V Lutsker
- Institut I - Theoretische Physik, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - R J Maurer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - S K Min
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - I Mitchell
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - C Negre
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T A Niehaus
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A M N Niklasson
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A J Page
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - A Pecchia
- CNR-ISMN, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Rome, Italy
| | - G Penazzi
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - M P Persson
- Dassault Systemes, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J Řezáč
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C G Sánchez
- Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - M Sternberg
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Stöhr
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - F Stuckenberg
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - A Tkatchenko
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - V W-Z Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - T Frauenheim
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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Cuny J, Tarrat N, Spiegelman F, Huguenot A, Rapacioli M. Density-functional tight-binding approach for metal clusters, nanoparticles, surfaces and bulk: application to silver and gold. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:303001. [PMID: 29916820 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aacd6c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Density-functional based tight-binding (DFTB) is an efficient quantum mechanical method that can describe a variety of systems, going from organic and inorganic compounds to metallic and hybrid materials. The present topical review addresses the ability and performance of DFTB to investigate energetic, structural, spectroscopic and dynamical properties of gold and silver materials. After a brief overview of the theoretical basis of DFTB, its parametrization and its transferability, we report its past and recent applications to gold and silver systems, including small clusters, nanoparticles, bulk and surfaces, bare and interacting with various organic and inorganic compounds. The range of applications covered by those studies goes from plasmonics and molecular electronics, to energy conversion and surface chemistry. Finally, perspectives of DFTB in the field of gold and silver surfaces and NPs are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Cuny
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (LCPQ), Université de Toulouse III [UPS] and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
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Abstract
David Craig (1919–2015) left us with a lasting legacy concerning basic understanding of chemical spectroscopy and bonding. This is expressed in terms of some of the recent achievements of my own research career, with a focus on integration of Craig’s theories with those of Noel Hush to solve fundamental problems in photosynthesis, molecular electronics (particularly in regard to the molecules synthesized by Maxwell Crossley), and self-assembled monolayer structure and function. Reviewed in particular is the relation of Craig’s legacy to: the 50-year struggle to assign the visible absorption spectrum of arguably the world’s most significant chromophore, chlorophyll; general theories for chemical bonding and structure extending Hush’s adiabatic theory of electron-transfer processes; inelastic electron-tunnelling spectroscopy (IETS); chemical quantum entanglement and the Penrose–Hameroff model for quantum consciousness; synthetic design strategies for NMR quantum computing; Gibbs free-energy measurements and calculations for formation and polymorphism of organic self-assembled monolayers on graphite surfaces from organic solution; and understanding the basic chemical processes involved in the formation of gold surfaces and nanoparticles protected by sulfur-bound ligands, ligands whose form is that of Au0-thiyl rather than its commonly believed AuI-thiolate tautomer.
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Dou W, Nitzan A, Subotnik JE. Surface hopping with a manifold of electronic states. III. Transients, broadening, and the Marcus picture. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:234106. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4922513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Dou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Abraham Nitzan
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Joseph E. Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Strange M, Seldenthuis JS, Verzijl CJO, Thijssen JM, Solomon GC. Interference enhanced thermoelectricity in quinoid type structures. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:084703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4913290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Strange
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - J. S. Seldenthuis
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - C. J. O. Verzijl
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - J. M. Thijssen
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - G. C. Solomon
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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Bilić A, Sanvito S. Tailoring highly conductive graphene nanoribbons from small polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a computational study. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:275301. [PMID: 23765375 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/27/275301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Pyrene, the smallest two-dimensional mesh of aromatic rings, with various terminal thiol substitutions, has been considered as a potential molecular interconnect. Charge transport through two terminal devices has been modeled using density functional theory (with and without self interaction correction) and the non-equilibrium Green's function method. A tetra-substituted pyrene, with dual thiol terminal groups at opposite ends, has been identified as an excellent candidate, owing to its high conductance, virtually independent of bias voltage. The two possible extensions of its motif generate two series of graphene nanoribbons, with zigzag and armchair edges and with semimetallic and semiconducting electron band structure, respectively. The effects related to the wire length and the bias voltage on the charge transport have been investigated for both sets. The conductance of the nanoribbons with a zigzag edge does not show either length or voltage dependence, owing to an almost perfect electron transmission with a continuum of conducting channels. In contrast, for the armchair nanoribbons a slow exponential attenuation of the conductance with the length has been found, due to their semiconducting nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bilić
- CSIRO Mathematics, Informatics and Statistics, Private Bag 33, Clayton South 3169 VIC, Australia.
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9
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Bilić A, Sanvito S. Anomalous length dependence of the conductance of graphene nanoribbons with zigzag edges. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:014704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4773020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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10
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Mota AJ, Álvarez de Cienfuegos L, Morcillo SP, Fuentes N, Miguel D, Rodríguez-Bolívar S, Gómez-Campos FM, Cárdenas DJ, Cuerva JM. Thermally Driven Nanofuses Based on Organometallic Rotors. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:3857-65. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Gollub C, Avdoshenko S, Gutierrez R, Berlin Y, Cuniberti G. Charge Migration in Organic Materials: Can Propagating Charges Affect the Key Physical Quantities Controlling Their Motion? Isr J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Martín-Lasanta A, Miguel D, García T, López-Villanueva JA, Rodríguez-Bolívar S, Gómez-Campos FM, Buñuel E, Cárdenas DJ, de Cienfuegos LÁ, Cuerva JM. Influence of the number of anchoring groups on the electronic and mechanical properties of benzene-, anthracene- and pentacene-based molecular devices. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:860-8. [PMID: 22271673 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
One of the central issues of molecular electronics (ME) is the study of the molecule-metal electrode contacts, and their implications for the conductivity, charge-transport mechanism, and mechanical stability. In fact, stochastic on/off switching (blinking) reported in STM experiments is a major problem of single-molecule devices, and challenges the stability and reliability of these systems. Surprisingly, the ambiguous STM results all originate from devices that bind to the metallic electrode through a one-atom connection. In the present work, DFT is employed to study and compare the properties of a set of simple acenes that bind to metallic electrodes with an increasing number of connections, in order to determine whether the increasing numbers of anchoring groups have a direct repercussion on the stability of these systems. The conductivities of the three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are calculated, as well as their transmission spectra and current profiles. The thermal and mechanical stability of these systems is studied by pulling and pushing the metal-molecule connection. The results show that molecules with more than one connection per electrode exhibit greater electrical efficiency and current stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martín-Lasanta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Akdim B, Pachter R. Switching behavior of carbon chains bridging graphene nanoribbons: effects of uniaxial strain. ACS NANO 2011; 5:1769-74. [PMID: 21344875 DOI: 10.1021/nn102403j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, several experiments demonstrated the stability of chain-like carbon nanowires bridged between graphene nanoribbons, paving the way for potential applications in nanodevices. On the basis of density functional tight-binding calculations, we demonstrated switching for chains terminated with a five-membered ring under an applied strain, serving as a model for morphological changes in realistic materials. Electron transport calculations showed an increase of up to 100% in the output current, achieved at a reverse bias voltage of -2 V and an applied strain of just 1.5%. Structural analysis suggested that the switching is driven by conformational changes, where in our case is triggered by the formation and annihilation of a five-membered ring at the interface of the chain-graphene edge. In addition, we showed that a five-membered ring can easily be formed at the interface under a source-drain bias or through a gate voltage. This mechanism can serve as an explanation of experimentally observed conductance for the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Akdim
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RX Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States.
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Troisi A. Inelastic electron tunnelling in saturated molecules with different functional groups: correlations and symmetry considerations from a computational study. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2008; 20:374111. [PMID: 21694418 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/20/37/374111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The inelastic electron tunnelling (IET) spectra of a series of molecules with the commonest functional groups are evaluated computationally. It is found that ether, secondary amine and thioether groups do not leave any characteristic signatures on the IET spectrum (in comparison with simple alkanes) and they cannot be used as 'tracers' for the tunnelling path of the electron. In contrast, carbonyl and ester groups modify the appearance of the IET spectrum considerably. The series of computations was also used to validate, for the case of saturated molecules, the propensity rules for IET spectroscopy proposed in the literature. It is found that totally symmetric vibrations give the largest contribution to the spectrum and that there is no correlation between IET and infrared or Raman absorption intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Troisi
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Scientific Computing, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Zhang J, Kuznetsov AM, Medvedev IG, Chi Q, Albrecht T, Jensen PS, Ulstrup J. Single-Molecule Electron Transfer in Electrochemical Environments. Chem Rev 2008; 108:2737-91. [PMID: 18620372 DOI: 10.1021/cr068073+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Engtrakul C, Sita LR. Ferrocene-Based Nanoelectronics: Regioselective Syntheses and Electrochemical Characterization of α-Monothiol and α,ω-Dithiol, Phenylethynyl-Conjugated, 2,5-Diethynylpyridyl- and Pyridinium-Linked Diferrocene Frameworks Having an End-to-End Distance of ∼4 nm. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om700807x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaiwat Engtrakul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Lawrence R. Sita
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
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