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Ajinkya N, Yu X, Kaithal P, Luo H, Somani P, Ramakrishna S. Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle (IONP) Synthesis to Applications: Present and Future. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4644. [PMID: 33080937 PMCID: PMC7603130 DOI: 10.3390/ma13204644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxides are chemical compounds which have different polymorphic forms, including γ-Fe2O3 (maghemite), Fe3O4 (magnetite), and FeO (wustite). Among them, the most studied are γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4, as they possess extraordinary properties at the nanoscale (such as super paramagnetism, high specific surface area, biocompatible etc.), because at this size scale, the quantum effects affect matter behavior and optical, electrical and magnetic properties. Therefore, in the nanoscale, these materials become ideal for surface functionalization and modification in various applications such as separation techniques, magnetic sorting (cells and other biomolecules etc.), drug delivery, cancer hyperthermia, sensing etc., and also for increased surface area-to-volume ratio, which allows for excellent dispersibility in the solution form. The current methods used are partially and passively mixed reactants, and, thus, every reaction has a different proportion of all factors which causes further difficulties in reproducibility. Direct active and complete mixing and automated approaches could be solutions to this size- and shape-controlled synthesis, playing a key role in its exploitation for scientific or technological purposes. An ideal synthesis method should be able to allow reliable adjustment of parameters and control over the following: fluctuation in temperature; pH, stirring rate; particle distribution; size control; concentration; and control over nanoparticle shape and composition i.e., crystallinity, purity, and rapid screening. Iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP)-based available clinical applications are RNA/DNA extraction and detection of infectious bacteria and viruses. Such technologies are important at POC (point of care) diagnosis. IONPs can play a key role in these perspectives. Although there are various methods for synthesis of IONPs, one of the most crucial goals is to control size and properties with high reproducibility to accomplish successful applications. Using multiple characterization techniques to identify and confirm the oxide phase of iron can provide better characterization capability. It is very important to understand the in-depth IONP formation mechanism, enabling better control over parameters and overall reaction and, by extension, properties of IONPs. This work provides an in-depth overview of different properties, synthesis methods, and mechanisms of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) formation, and the diverse range of their applications. Different characterization factors and strategies to confirm phase purity in the IONP synthesis field are reviewed. First, properties of IONPs and various synthesis routes with their merits and demerits are described. We also describe different synthesis strategies and formation mechanisms for IONPs such as for: wustite (FeO), hematite (α-Fe2O3), maghemite (ɤ-Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4). We also describe characterization of these nanoparticles and various applications in detail. In conclusion, we present a detailed overview on the properties, size-controlled synthesis, formation mechanisms and applications of IONPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nene Ajinkya
- Materials and Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.Y.); (H.L.)
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Materials and Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.Y.); (H.L.)
| | - Poonam Kaithal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, SHUATS, Allahabad 211007, India;
| | - Hongrong Luo
- Materials and Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.Y.); (H.L.)
| | - Prakash Somani
- Center for Grand Challenges and Green Technologies, Applied Science Innovations Pvt. Ltd., Pune 411041, India;
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore;
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2
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Suresh D, Ghoshdastidar S, Gangula A, Mukherjee S, Upendran A, Kannan R. Magnetic Iron Nanocubes Effectively Capture Epithelial and Mesenchymal Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:23724-23735. [PMID: 32984691 PMCID: PMC7513327 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Current methods for capturing circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are based on the overexpression of cytokeratin (CK) or epithelial cell-adhesion molecule (EpCAM) on cancer cells. However, during the process of metastasis, tumor cells undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that can lead to the loss of CK/EpCAM expression. Therefore, it is vital to develop a capturing technique independent of CK/EpCAM expression on the cancer cell. To develop this technique, it is important to identify common secondary oncogenic markers overexpressed on tumor cells before and after EMT. We analyzed the biomarker expression levels in tumor cells, before and after EMT, and found two common proteins-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) whose levels remained unaffected. So, we synthesized immunomagnetic iron nanocubes covalently conjugated with antibodies of Her2 or EGFR to capture cancer cells irrespective of the EMT status. The nanocubes showed high specificity (6-9-fold) in isolating the cancer cells of interest from a mixture of cells spiked in serum. We characterized the captured cells for identifying their EMT status. Thus, we believe the results presented here would help in the development of novel strategies for capturing both primary and metastatic cancer cells from patients' blood to develop an effective treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Suresh
- Department
of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, Department of Medical Pharmacology
& Physiology, and Institute of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
| | - Shreya Ghoshdastidar
- Department
of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, Department of Medical Pharmacology
& Physiology, and Institute of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
| | - Abilash Gangula
- Department
of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, Department of Medical Pharmacology
& Physiology, and Institute of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
| | - Soumavo Mukherjee
- Department
of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, Department of Medical Pharmacology
& Physiology, and Institute of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
| | - Anandhi Upendran
- Department
of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, Department of Medical Pharmacology
& Physiology, and Institute of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
| | - Raghuraman Kannan
- Department
of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, Department of Medical Pharmacology
& Physiology, and Institute of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
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3
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Castellanos-Rubio I, Rodrigo I, Olazagoitia-Garmendia A, Arriortua O, Gil de Muro I, Garitaonandia JS, Bilbao JR, Fdez-Gubieda ML, Plazaola F, Orue I, Castellanos-Rubio A, Insausti M. Highly Reproducible Hyperthermia Response in Water, Agar, and Cellular Environment by Discretely PEGylated Magnetite Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:27917-27929. [PMID: 32464047 PMCID: PMC8489799 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Local heat generation from magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) exposed to alternating magnetic fields can revolutionize cancer treatment. However, the application of MNPs as anticancer agents is limited by serious drawbacks. Foremost among these are the fast uptake and biodegradation of MNPs by cells and the unpredictable magnetic behavior of the MNPs when they accumulate within or around cells and tissues. In fact, several studies have reported that the heating power of MNPs is severely reduced in the cellular environment, probably due to a combination of increased viscosity and strong NP agglomeration. Herein, we present an optimized protocol to coat magnetite (Fe3O4) NPs larger than 20 nm (FM-NPs) with high molecular weight PEG molecules that avoid collective coatings, prevent the formation of large clusters of NPs and keep constant their high heating performance in environments with very different ionic strengths and viscosities (distilled water, physiological solutions, agar and cell culture media). The great reproducibility and reliability of the heating capacity of this FM-NP@PEG system in such different environments has been confirmed by AC magnetometry and by more conventional calorimetric measurements. The explanation of this behavior has been shown to lie in preserving as much as possible the magnetic single domain-type behavior of nearly isolated NPs. In vitro endocytosis experiments in a colon cancer-derived cell line indicate that FM-NP@PEG formulations with PEGs of higher molecular weight (20 kDa) are more resistant to endocytosis than formulations with smaller PEGs (5 kDa), showing quite large uptake mean-life (τ > 5 h) in comparison with other NP systems. The in vitro magnetic hyperthermia was performed at 21 mT and 650 kHz during 1 h in a pre-endocytosis stage and complete cell death was achieved 48 h posthyperthermia. These optimal FM-NP@PEG formulations with high resistance to endocytosis and predictable magnetic response will aid the progress and accuracy of the emerging era of theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idoia Castellanos-Rubio
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Electricidad
y Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencia
y Tecnología, UPV/EHU, Barrio
Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- (I.C.-R.)
| | - Irati Rodrigo
- Department of Electricidad
y Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencia
y Tecnología, UPV/EHU, Barrio
Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- BC Materials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications, and Nanostructures, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ane Olazagoitia-Garmendia
- Departamento de
Genética, Antropología Física y Fisiología
Animal, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia
Health Research Institute, Cruces Plaza, 48903, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Oihane Arriortua
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Izaskun Gil de Muro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - José S. Garitaonandia
- Departamento de Física
Aplicada II, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología,
UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Jose Ramón Bilbao
- Departamento de
Genética, Antropología Física y Fisiología
Animal, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia
Health Research Institute, Cruces Plaza, 48903, Barakaldo, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic
Diseases (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Luisa Fdez-Gubieda
- Department of Electricidad
y Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencia
y Tecnología, UPV/EHU, Barrio
Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Fernando Plazaola
- Department of Electricidad
y Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencia
y Tecnología, UPV/EHU, Barrio
Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Iñaki Orue
- SGIker, Servicios
Generales de Investigación, UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ainara Castellanos-Rubio
- Departamento de
Genética, Antropología Física y Fisiología
Animal, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia
Health Research Institute, Cruces Plaza, 48903, Barakaldo, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic
Diseases (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Maite Insausti
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- BC Materials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications, and Nanostructures, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- (M.I.)
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Das P, Colombo M, Prosperi D. Recent advances in magnetic fluid hyperthermia for cancer therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 174:42-55. [PMID: 30428431 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, magnetic fluid hyperthermia using biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles as heat mediators for cancer therapy has been extensively investigated due to its high efficiency and limited side effects. However, the development of more efficient heat nanomediators that exhibit very high specific absorption rate (SAR) value is essential for clinical application to overcome the several restrictions previously encountered due to the large quantity of nanomaterial required for effective treatment. In this review, we focus on the current progress in the development of magnetic nanoparticles based hyperthermia therapy as well as combined therapy harnessing hyperthermia with heat-mediated drug delivery for cancer treatment. We also address the fundamental principles of magnetic hyperthermia, basics of magnetism including the effect of several parameters on heating capacity, synthetic methods and nanoparticle surface chemistry needed to design and develop an ideal magnetic nanoparticle heat mediator suitable for clinical translation in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Das
- NanoBioLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Miriam Colombo
- NanoBioLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Prosperi
- NanoBioLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 20126, Milan, Italy.
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5
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Cai J, Miao YQ, Yu BZ, Ma P, Li L, Fan HM. Large-Scale, Facile Transfer of Oleic Acid-Stabilized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles to the Aqueous Phase for Biological Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:1662-1669. [PMID: 28146360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesized via thermal decomposition in the organic phase have attracted tremendous research interest because of their unique morphology, size dispersion, and crystallinity. However, their poor water dispersibility strongly limited their development in biomedical applications. Therefore, a phase-transfer strategy through which hydrophobic nanoparticles with good performance in the aqueous phase can be obtained is an extremely critical issue. Herein, we present a large-scale, facile, highly efficient strategy for the phase transfer of oleic acid-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles via a reverse-micelle-based oxidative reaction. The reverse micelle system improves the efficiency of the interface oxidative reaction and prevents the aggregation of nanoparticles during the reaction, facilitating the transfer of Fe3O4 nanoparticles from the organic phase to the aqueous phase. The transferred Fe3O4 nanoparticles are used as a T2 contrast agent to perform magnetic resonance imaging of CNE2 cells (nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line). In addition, the free carboxyl groups on the surface of transferred nanoparticles can also be programmed to permit the conjugation of other molecules, in turn allowing nanoparticles to be extended in biological targeting or biological recognition applications. Therefore, this strategy offers a promising platform for the large-scale, highly efficient phase transfer of oleic acid-capped nanoparticles and may become a new paradigm to promote the development of diverse nanoparticles for widespread biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | | | | | | | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
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6
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He W, Graf R, Vieth S, Ziener U, Landfester K, Crespy D. The Cushion Method: A New Technique for the Recovery of Hydrophilic Nanocarriers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:13669-13674. [PMID: 27958731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microencapsulation of hydrophilic therapeutic agents such as proteins or nucleotides into a nanocarrier is frequently accomplished in inverse (water-in-oil) emulsions. However, the redispersion of the nanocarriers in aqueous media often involves a complicated purification process, and the redispersion usually requires additional surfactants for its colloidal stability, which is not favored for biological applications. We propose a simple, fast, and mild method to recover hydrophilic nanocarriers prepared in inverse emulsions by temporary coating of the nanocarriers with biocompatible small molecules, so that the final aqueous dispersion of the nanocarriers can be dispersed with high recovery rate, minimal aggregation, and no additional surfactants. Such a method is termed the "cushion method" and was adopted in the preparation of chitosan nanocarriers. The nanocarriers recovered with the cushion method release encapsulated peptides in a pH-responsive manner and do not require surfactants for colloidal stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Robert Graf
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Vieth
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Ziener
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Crespy
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) , Rayong 21210, Thailand
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7
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Kalidasan V, Liu XL, Herng TS, Yang Y, Ding J. Bovine Serum Albumin-Conjugated Ferrimagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles to Enhance the Biocompatibility and Magnetic Hyperthermia Performance. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2016; 8:80-93. [PMID: 30464997 PMCID: PMC6223930 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-015-0065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Magnetic hyperthermia is a fast emerging, non-invasive cancer treatment method which is used synergistically with the existing cancer therapeutics. We have attempted to address the current challenges in clinical magnetic hyperthermia-improved biocompatibility and enhanced heating characteristics, through a single combinatorial approach. Both superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) of size 10 nm and ferrimagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (FIONs) of size 30 nm were synthesized by thermal decomposition method for comparison studies. Two different surface modifying agents, viz, Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide and 3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, were used to conjugate Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) over the iron oxide nanoparticles via two different methods-surface charge adsorption and covalent amide bonding, respectively. The preliminary haemolysis and cell viability experiments show that BSA conjugation mitigates the haemolytic effect of the iron oxide nanoparticles on erythrocytes and is non-cytotoxic to the healthy Baby Hamster Kidney cells. It was observed from the results that due to better colloidal stability, the SAR value of the BSA-iron oxide nanoparticles is higher than the iron oxide nanoparticles without BSA, irrespective of the size of the iron oxide nanoparticles and method of conjugation. The BSA-FIONs seem to show improved biocompatibility, as the haemolytic index is less than 2 % and cell viability is up to 120 %, when normalized with the control. The SAR value of BSA-FIONs is 2300 W g-1 when compared to 1700 W g-1 of FIONs without BSA conjugation. Thus, we report here that BSA conjugation over FIONs (with a high saturation magnetization of 87 emu g-1) provide a single combinatorial approach to improve the biocompatibility and enhance the SAR value for magnetic hyperthermia, thus addressing both the current challenges of the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viveka Kalidasan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574 Singapore
| | - Xiao Li Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574 Singapore
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574 Singapore
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574 Singapore
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574 Singapore
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8
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Grünewald TA, Lassenberger A, van
Oostrum PDJ, Rennhofer H, Zirbs R, Capone B, Vonderhaid I, Amenitsch H, Lichtenegger HC, Reimhult E. Core-Shell Structure of Monodisperse Poly(ethylene glycol)-Grafted Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Studied by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2015; 27:4763-4771. [PMID: 26321792 PMCID: PMC4547501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The promising applications of core-shell nanoparticles in the biological and medical field have been well investigated in recent years. One remaining challenge is the characterization of the structure of the hydrated polymer shell. Here we use small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to investigate iron oxide core-poly(ethylene glycol) brush shell nanoparticles with extremely high polymer grafting density. It is shown that the shell density profile can be described by a scaling model that takes into account the locally very high grafting density near the core. A good fit to a constant density region followed by a star-polymer-like, monotonously decaying density profile is shown, which could help explain the unique colloidal properties of such densely grafted core-shell nanoparticles. SAXS experiments probing the thermally induced dehydration of the shell and the response to dilution confirmed that the observed features are associated with the brush and not attributed to structure factors from particle aggregates. We thereby demonstrate that the structure of monodisperse core-shell nanoparticles with dense solvated shells can be well studied with SAXS and that different density models can be distinguished from each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman A. Grünewald
- Department of Material
Sciences and Process Engineering, University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Lassenberger
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter D. J. van
Oostrum
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Rennhofer
- Department of Material
Sciences and Process Engineering, University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ronald Zirbs
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Capone
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Iris Vonderhaid
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/V, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Helga C. Lichtenegger
- Department of Material
Sciences and Process Engineering, University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
- E-mail:
| | - Erik Reimhult
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
- E-mail:
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9
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Shtykova EV. Shape determination of polydisperse and polymorphic nanoobjects from small-angle X-ray scattering data (Computer simulation). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995078015030155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Malyutin AG, Cheng H, Sanchez-Felix OR, Carlson K, Stein BD, Konarev PV, Svergun DI, Dragnea B, Bronstein LM. Coat Protein-Dependent Behavior of Poly(ethylene glycol) Tails in Iron Oxide Core Virus-like Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:12089-12098. [PMID: 25989427 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Here we explore the formation of virus-like nanoparticles (VNPs) utilizing 22-24 nm iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) as cores and proteins derived from viral capsids of brome mosaic virus (BMV) or hepatitis B virus (HBV) as shells. To accomplish that, hydrophobic FeO/Fe3O4 NPs prepared by thermal decomposition of iron oleate were coated with poly(maleic acid-alt-octadecene) modified with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) tails of different lengths and grafting densities. MRI studies show high r2/r1 relaxivity ratios of these NPs that are practically independent of the polymer coating type. The versatility and flexibility of the viral capsid protein are on display as they readily form shells that exceed their native size. The location of the long PEG tails upon shell formation was investigated by electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering. PEG tails were located differently in the BMV and HBV VNPs, with the BMV VNPs preferentially entrapping the tails in the interior and the HBV VNPs allowing the tails to extend through the capsid, which highlights the differences between intersubunit interactions in these two icosahedral viruses. The robustness of the assembly reaction and the protruding PEG tails, potentially useful in modulating the immune response, make the systems introduced here a promising platform for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey G Malyutin
- †Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Hu Cheng
- §Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East Tenth Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47403, United States
| | - Olivia R Sanchez-Felix
- †Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Kenneth Carlson
- †Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Barry D Stein
- ∥Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Petr V Konarev
- ‡EMBL, Hamburg Outstation, Notkestraße 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dmitri I Svergun
- ‡EMBL, Hamburg Outstation, Notkestraße 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bogdan Dragnea
- †Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Lyudmila M Bronstein
- †Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
- #Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Atta AM, Al-Lohedan HA, Al-Hussain SA. Functionalization of magnetite nanoparticles as oil spill collector. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:6911-31. [PMID: 25822876 PMCID: PMC4424996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16046911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a new magnetic powder based on magnetite can be used as a petroleum crude oil collector. Amidoximes based on rosin as a natural product can be prepared from a reaction between hydroxylamine and rosin/acrylonitrile adducts. The produced rosin amidoximes were used as capping agents for magnetite nanoparticles to prepare hydrophobic coated magnetic powders. A new class of monodisperse hydrophobic magnetite nanoparticles was prepared by a simple and inexpensive co-precipitation method. Iron ions and iodine were prepared by the reaction between ferric chloride and potassium iodide. The structure and morphology of magnetite capped with rosin amidoxime were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The magnetic properties were determined from vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analyses. These prepared magnetite nanoparticles were tested as bioactive nanosystems and their antimicrobial effects were investigated. The prepared nanomaterials were examined as a crude oil collector using magnetic fields. The results show promising data for the separation of the petroleum crude oil from aqueous solution in environmental pollution cleanup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman M Atta
- Surfactants Research Chair, Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11541, Saudi Arabia.
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, 1 Ahmad Elzomor St., Nasr City, Cairo 11727, Egypt.
| | - Hamad A Al-Lohedan
- Surfactants Research Chair, Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11541, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sami A Al-Hussain
- Surfactants Research Chair, Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11541, Saudi Arabia.
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Imam Muhammad Bin Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11632, Saudi Arabia.
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12
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Peng E, Wang F, Xue JM. Nanostructured magnetic nanocomposites as MRI contrast agents. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:2241-2276. [PMID: 32262055 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb02023e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an integral part of modern clinical imaging due to its non-invasiveness and versatility in providing tissue and organ images with high spatial resolution. With the current MRI advancement, MRI imaging probes with suitable biocompatibility, good colloidal stability, enhanced relaxometric properties and advanced functionalities are highly demanded. As such, MRI contrast agents (CAs) have been an extensive research and development area. In the recent years, different inorganic-based nanoprobes comprising inorganic magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with an organic functional coating have been engineered to obtain a suitable contrast enhancement effect. For biomedical applications, the organic functional coating is critical to improve colloidal stability and biocompatibility. Simultaneously, it also provides a building block for generating a higher dimensional secondary structure. In this review, the combinatorial design approach by a self-assembling pre-formed hydrophobic inorganic MNPs core (from non-polar thermolysis synthesis) into various functional organic coatings (e.g. ligands, amphiphilic polymers and graphene oxide) to form water soluble nanocomposites will be discussed. The resultant magnetic ensembles were classified based on their dimensionality, namely, 0-D, 1-D, 2-D and 3-D structures. This classification provides further insight into their subsequent potential use as MRI CAs. Special attention will be dedicated towards the correlation between the spatial distribution and the associated MRI applications, which include (i) coating optimization-induced MR relaxivity enhancement, (ii) aggregation-induced MR relaxivity enhancement, (iii) off-resonance saturation imaging (ORS), (iv) magnetically-induced off-resonance imaging (ORI), (v) dual-modalities MR imaging and (vi) multifunctional nanoprobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Peng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117576, Singapore.
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13
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Alejo T, Merchán MD, Velázquez MM. Adsorption of quantum dots onto polymer and Gemini surfactant films: a quartz crystal microbalance study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:9977-9984. [PMID: 25093530 DOI: 10.1021/la5024955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We used quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation to study the mechanical properties, the kinetics of adsorption, and the amount of CdSe quantum dots (QDs) adsorbed onto a SiO2 sensor, referred as bare sensor, onto the sensor modified with a film of the polymer poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene), PMAO, or with a film of the Gemini surfactant ethyl-bis(dimethyl octadecyl ammonium bromide), abbreviated as 18-2-18. Results showed that when the sensor is coated with polymer or surfactant molecules, the coverage increases compared with that obtained for the bare sensor. On the other hand, rheological properties and kinetics of adsorption of QDs are driven by QD nanoparticles. Thus, the QD films present elastic behavior, and the elasticity values are independent of the molecule used as coating and similar to the elasticity value obtained for QDs films on the bare sensor. The QD adsorption is a two-step mechanism in which the fastest process is attributed to the QD adsorption onto the solid substrate and the slowest one is ascribed to rearrangement movements of the nanoparticles adsorbed at the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Alejo
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca . 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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14
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Speranskaya ES, Beloglazova NV, Abé S, Aubert T, Smet PF, Poelman D, Goryacheva IY, De Saeger S, Hens Z. Hydrophilic, bright CuInS2 quantum dots as Cd-free fluorescent labels in quantitative immunoassay. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:7567-7575. [PMID: 24892375 DOI: 10.1021/la501268b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis of core-shell CuInS2/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) in organic solution, their encapsulation with a PEG-containing amphiphilic polymer, and the application of the resulting water-soluble QDs as fluorescent label in quantitative immunoassay. By optimizing the methods for core synthesis and shell growth, CuInS2/ZnS QDs were obtained with a quantum yield of 50% on average after hydrophilization. After conjugation with an aflatoxin B1-protein derivative, the obtained QDs were used as fluorescent labels in microplate immunoassay for the quantitative determination of the mycotoxin aflatoxin B1. QDs-based immunoassay showed higher sensitivity compared to enzyme-based immunoassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena S Speranskaya
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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15
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Herranz F, Salinas B, Groult H, Pellico J, Lechuga-Vieco AV, Bhavesh R, Ruiz-Cabello J. Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles for Atherosclerosis Imaging. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 4:408-438. [PMID: 28344230 PMCID: PMC5304673 DOI: 10.3390/nano4020408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The production of magnetic nanoparticles of utmost quality for biomedical imaging requires several steps, from the synthesis of highly crystalline magnetic cores to the attachment of the different molecules on the surface. This last step probably plays the key role in the production of clinically useful nanomaterials. The attachment of the different biomolecules should be performed in a defined and controlled fashion, avoiding the random adsorption of the components that could lead to undesirable byproducts and ill-characterized surface composition. In this work, we review the process of creating new magnetic nanomaterials for imaging, particularly for the detection of atherosclerotic plaque, in vivo. Our focus will be in the different biofunctionalization techniques that we and several other groups have recently developed. Magnetic nanomaterial functionalization should be performed by chemoselective techniques. This approach will facilitate the application of these nanomaterials in the clinic, not as an exception, but as any other pharmacological compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Herranz
- Advanced Imaging Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Atherothrombosis and Imaging, Spanish National Centre for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER of Pulmonary Diseases, Biomedical Research Network, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Salinas
- Advanced Imaging Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Atherothrombosis and Imaging, Spanish National Centre for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER of Pulmonary Diseases, Biomedical Research Network, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Hugo Groult
- Advanced Imaging Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Atherothrombosis and Imaging, Spanish National Centre for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER of Pulmonary Diseases, Biomedical Research Network, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Pellico
- Advanced Imaging Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Atherothrombosis and Imaging, Spanish National Centre for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER of Pulmonary Diseases, Biomedical Research Network, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana V Lechuga-Vieco
- Advanced Imaging Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Atherothrombosis and Imaging, Spanish National Centre for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER of Pulmonary Diseases, Biomedical Research Network, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Riju Bhavesh
- Advanced Imaging Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Atherothrombosis and Imaging, Spanish National Centre for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - J Ruiz-Cabello
- Advanced Imaging Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Atherothrombosis and Imaging, Spanish National Centre for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER of Pulmonary Diseases, Biomedical Research Network, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Physicochemistry II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Iatridi Z, Georgiadou V, Menelaou M, Dendrinou-Samara C, Bokias G. Application of hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymers for the dispersion of hydrophobic magnetic nanoparticles in aqueous media. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:8633-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00393d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Oleylamine-coated CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles were successfully encapsulated into hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymers. The resulting hydrophilic nanohybrids exhibit promising r2-relaxivity properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Violetta Georgiadou
- Department of Chemistry
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
- GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Melita Menelaou
- Department of Chemistry
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
- GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Georgios Bokias
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Patras
- GR-26504 Patras, Greece
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17
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Shtykova EV, Kabachii YA, Valetsky PM, Kochev SS, Malyutin AG, Stein BD, Bronstein LM, Svergun DI. Solution study of novel diblock copolymers: Morphology and structural transition. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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18
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Speranskaya ES, Beloglazova NV, Lenain P, De Saeger S, Wang Z, Zhang S, Hens Z, Knopp D, Niessner R, Potapkin DV, Goryacheva IY. Polymer-coated fluorescent CdSe-based quantum dots for application in immunoassay. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 53:225-31. [PMID: 24140873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The paper describes all stages of synthesis and characterization of biocompatible CdSe-based core/shell quantum dots (QDs) and their application as fluorescent label for immunoassay. Special attention was focused on development of maleic anhydride-based amphiphilic polymers for QDs solubilization in aqueous media. In this work two PEG-amines were tried for polymer modification: monoamine Jeffamine M 1000 used previously in some researches and diamine Jeffamine ED-2003 applied for the first time for QDs solubilization. The use of different Jeffamines allows us to obtain QDs with carboxyl or amine functional groups available for conjugation. The influence of polymer composition on optical properties of the nanocrystals and their stability in aqueous solutions as well as on their conjugation with biomolecules was studied. QDs with different coatings were used as biolabels in quantitative fluorescence microtiter plate immunoassay and qualitative on-site column test. It was found that quantum dots covered with amphiphilic polymer prepared from poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) and Jeffamine ED-2003 retained up to 90% of their initial brightness, easily conjugated with protein and showed low non-specific adsorption. In optimized conditions the obtained QDs were successfully used for determination of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in wheat and maize samples by fluorescence microtiter plate immunoassay with an IC50 of 220 μg kg(-1) and by on-site column test with cut-off of 500 μg kg(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena S Speranskaya
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; Laboratory of Food Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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19
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Peng E, Choo ESG, Tan CSH, Tang X, Sheng Y, Xue J. Multifunctional PEGylated nanoclusters for biomedical applications. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:5994-6005. [PMID: 23712590 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr00774j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A simple and versatile synthesis method to form water soluble multifunctional nanoclusters using polyethylene glycol (PEG) functionalized poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) amphiphilic brush copolymers (PMAO-g-PEG) was presented. Simply by tuning the core size and the initial nanocrystal concentration, manganese ferrite nanoparticles (MFNPs) were used to demonstrate the versatility of tuning the loading amount of the nanoclusters. The resultant nanoclusters were found to have a well-controlled spherical shape. When Zn-doped AgInS2 quantum dots (AIZS QDs) were loaded together with the MFNP nanocrystals, bi-functional nanoclusters with fluorescent and magnetic behaviors were obtained. Such bi-functional nanoclusters were also successfully demonstrated for cellular bio-imaging. Moreover, the presence of another type of nanocrystals together with MFNPs was found to have a negligible effect on the overall properties of the nanoclusters as demonstrated by the MR relaxivity test. From the time-dependent colloidal stability test, it was found that the presence of the PEG chain grafted onto PMAO was able to reduce protein adsorption onto the nanocluster surface. An in vitro study on NIH/3T3 demonstrated the biocompatibility of the nanoclusters. Such biocompatible and colloidally stable nanoclusters with an approximate size of 80-120 nm were suitable for both MRI and cell labeling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Peng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576
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20
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Quarta A, Curcio A, Kakwere H, Pellegrino T. Polymer coated inorganic nanoparticles: tailoring the nanocrystal surface for designing nanoprobes with biological implications. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:3319-34. [PMID: 22572969 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30271c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The use of inorganic nanoparticles in biomedicine, in particular in the field of diagnosis and therapy of human diseases, has rapidly grown in the last few decades. Water solubilisation of the nanoparticles, especially for particles synthesized in non-polar solvents, is an essential prerequisite for their biological exploitation. The encapsulation of surfactant coated nanoparticles into polymer shells represents one of the most suitable and most popular methods to make them water soluble. Herein we provide an overview of the amphiphilic polymer molecules used and the efforts undertaken to further tailor the surface of polymer coated nanoparticles with fluorescent dyes, chemical sensor molecules and small or large biomolecules for the preparation of bio-functional nanoprobes. Their biological implications, highlighting limitations and challenges, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Quarta
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory of CNR-NANO, via per Arnesano km 5, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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21
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Petoukhov MV, Franke D, Shkumatov AV, Tria G, Kikhney AG, Gajda M, Gorba C, Mertens HDT, Konarev PV, Svergun DI. New developments in the ATSAS program package for small-angle scattering data analysis. J Appl Crystallogr 2012; 45:342-350. [PMID: 25484842 PMCID: PMC4233345 DOI: 10.1107/s0021889812007662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1350] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
New developments in the program package ATSAS (version 2.4) for the processing and analysis of isotropic small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering data are described. They include (i) multiplatform data manipulation and display tools, (ii) programs for automated data processing and calculation of overall parameters, (iii) improved usage of high- and low-resolution models from other structural methods, (iv) new algorithms to build three-dimensional models from weakly interacting oligomeric systems and complexes, and (v) enhanced tools to analyse data from mixtures and flexible systems. The new ATSAS release includes installers for current major platforms (Windows, Linux and Mac OSX) and provides improved indexed user documentation. The web-related developments, including a user discussion forum and a widened online access to run ATSAS programs, are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim V. Petoukhov
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, EMBL c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Daniel Franke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, EMBL c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Alexander V. Shkumatov
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, EMBL c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Giancarlo Tria
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, EMBL c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Alexey G. Kikhney
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, EMBL c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Michal Gajda
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, EMBL c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Christian Gorba
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, EMBL c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Haydyn D. T. Mertens
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, EMBL c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Petr V. Konarev
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, EMBL c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Dmitri I. Svergun
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, EMBL c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
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22
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Budgin AM, Kabachii YA, Shifrina ZB, Valetsky PM, Kochev SS, Stein BD, Malyutin A, Bronstein LM. Functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles with amphiphilic block copolymers: self-assembled thermoresponsive submicrometer particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:4142-4151. [PMID: 22303838 DOI: 10.1021/la205056k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
For the first time the four block copolymers derived from 1-alkyl[2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethylammonium bromides with hexyl (ADA) or cetyl (ADHA) groups and 2-hydroxyethylacrylate (HEA) or N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) were synthesized and employed for functionalization of monodisperse iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs). The polyADA (pADA) or polyADHA (pADHA) block consists of long hydrophobic tails (C(6) or C(16)) connected to a positively charged quaternary ammonium group, making this block amphiphilic. The second block was either fully hydrophilic (pHEA) or thermoresponsive (pNIPAM). The dependence of the NP coating on the length of the hydrophobic tail in the amphiphilic block, the composition of the hydrophilic block, and the NP sizes have been studied. Unusual self-assembling of iron oxide NPs into well-defined composite submicrometer particles was observed for pADHA-b-pNIPAM in the wide range of concentrations (at the pADHA repeating unit concentrations of 0.065 × 10(-2)-2.91 × 10(-2) mmol/mL per 1 mg/mL NPs) but only two concentrations, 1.62 × 10(-2) and 1.94 × 10(-2) mmol/mL, led to regular spherical particles. The thermoresponsive behavior of these composite particles was tested using ζ-potential and dynamic light scattering measurements, while the morphology of particles was characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Coating of NPs with pADHA-b-pHEA results in the formation of individually coated NPs. The different composite particle morphologies are explained by different properties of pHEA and pNIPAM. It is demonstrated that the composite particles based on pADHA-b-pNIPAM are responsive to a magnetic field and can be recommended as magnetic stoppers in biorelated membrane separations. The incorporation of Pd species in submicrometer particles makes them promising candidates for catalytic applications as magnetically recoverable catalysts with a high magnetic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Budgin
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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23
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Geidel C, Schmachtel S, Riedinger A, Pfeiffer C, Müllen K, Klapper M, Parak WJ. A general synthetic approach for obtaining cationic and anionic inorganic nanoparticles via encapsulation in amphiphilic copolymers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:2929-2934. [PMID: 21990195 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201100509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 04/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A series of amphiphilic copolymers with variable charge densities on their backbone is synthesized. Positively charged N,N,N-trimethylammonium-2-ethyl methacrylate iodide or negatively charged 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethylphosphonic acid and lauryl methacrylate are used as building blocks. When wrapped around hydrophobically capped inorganic nanoparticles (NPs), the latter are able to disperse in aqueous solutions. Using this method, positively as well as negatively charged colloidal NPs can be synthesized in a reliable way. The method presented herein allows the charge on the NPs to be adjusted to different negative and positive values by using polymers with a variable ratio of charged monomers and lauryl methacrylate. Virtually all kinds of hydrophobic inorganic NPs could be coated with these amphiphilic polymers. The coating procedure is demonstrated for Au particles as well as for CdSe/ZnS quantum dots. To date, wrapping amphiphilic polymers around NPs has led only to anionic NPs. The polymers synthesized in this work allow for positively charged NPs with a high colloidal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Geidel
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
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24
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Svergun DI, Shtykova EV, Volkov VV, Feigin LA. Small-angle X-ray scattering, synchrotron radiation, and the structure of bio- and nanosystems. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774511050221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Bronstein LM, Shifrina ZB. Dendrimers as encapsulating, stabilizing, or directing agents for inorganic nanoparticles. Chem Rev 2011; 111:5301-44. [PMID: 21718045 DOI: 10.1021/cr2000724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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26
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Ning Y, Zhang H, Han J, Yang C, Liu Y, Zhou D, Yang B. Versatile fabrication of water-dispersible nanoparticle–amphiphilic copolymer composite microspheres with specific functionalities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm00021g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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27
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Shtykova EV, Malyutin A, Dyke J, Stein B, Konarev PV, Dragnea B, Svergun DI, Bronstein LM. Hydrophilization of Magnetic Nanoparticles with Modified Alternating Copolymers. Part 2: Behavior in solution. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2010; 114:21908-21913. [PMID: 21243096 PMCID: PMC3018835 DOI: 10.1021/jp1072846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous solutions of iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) stabilized by poly(maleic acid-alt-1-octadecene) (PMAcOD) modified with the 5,000 Da poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or the short ethylene glycol (EG) tails were analyzed by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Advanced SAXS data analysis methods were employed to systematically characterize the structure and interactions between the NPs. Depending on the type of the grafted tail and the grafting density all NPs can be separated into three groups. All the samples contain mixtures of individual nanoparticles, their dynamic clusters and aggregates, and the fractions of these species are different in the different groups. The first group consists of NPs coated with PMAcOD modified with the long PEG tails with the maximal grafting density, and the content of dynamic clusters and aggregates in the samples of this group does not exceed 4%. The samples from the second group with less dense coatings demonstrate a larger amount (5-7%) of the aggregates and dynamic clusters. The samples from the third group consisting of the NPs protected by EG modified PMAcOD contain mostly individual NPs and some amount of dumbbell dimers without noticeable aggregation. Importantly, the solution behavior of the NPs is independent on the iron oxide core size. Our results therefore provide means of predicting stabilization and avoiding aggregation of NPs based on the type of a protective shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora V. Shtykova
- Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 59, 117333 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Malyutin
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, 800 East Kirkwood Av., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Jason Dyke
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, 800 East Kirkwood Av., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Barry Stein
- Indiana University, Department of Biology, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Peter V. Konarev
- EMBL, Hamburg Outstation, Notkestraße 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bogdan Dragnea
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, 800 East Kirkwood Av., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | | | - Lyudmila M. Bronstein
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, 800 East Kirkwood Av., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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