1
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DiRisio RJ, Finney JM, McCoy AB. Diffusion Monte Carlo approaches for studying nuclear quantum effects in fluxional molecules. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. DiRisio
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Jacob M. Finney
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Anne B. McCoy
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
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2
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Computational study of interactions of the uracil molecule with the F- and O2- hard anions. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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3
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Punyain W, Takahashi K. Evaluation of Ar tagging toward the vibrational spectra and zero point energy of X -HOH, X -DOH, and X -HOD, for X = F, Cl, Br. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:9492-9499. [PMID: 33885081 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06339h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we theoretically evaluated the effect of argon tagging toward the binding energy and vibrational spectra of water halide anion complexes Ar.X-HOH, Ar.X-HOD, and Ar.X-DOH (X = F, Cl, Br). The ionic hydrogen bond (IHB) OH stretching mode was calculated to have a strong peak in the vibrational spectra, and coupling to intermolecular modes as well as bending modes was observed as combination bands and Fermi resonances. We found that the argon tagging affected the IHB OH stretching peak position in Ar.F-H2O, but not in Ar.Cl-H2O and Ar.Br-H2O. Furthermore, D-binding is favored for Cl and Br based on zero point energies, but for F our calculated zero point energies did not show a preference between H- and D-binding. We show that the competition of the energy lowering in the zero point energy of the anharmonic IHB OH (OD) stretching mode versus the intermolecular out-of-plane IHB OH (OD) wagging mode is important for determining the preference between H- and D-binding for these monohydrated halide clusters. We also found that for X-HOD the HOD bending fundamental peak is blue shifted compared to bare HOD, but is redshifted for F-DOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wikorn Punyain
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, PO Box 23-166, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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4
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Herbert JM, Carter-Fenk K. Electrostatics, Charge Transfer, and the Nature of the Halide-Water Hydrogen Bond. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:1243-1256. [PMID: 33502859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c11356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Binary halide-water complexes X-(H2O) are examined by means of symmetry-adapted perturbation theory, using charge-constrained promolecular reference densities to extract a meaningful charge-transfer component from the induction energy. As is known, the X-(H2O) potential energy surface (for X = F, Cl, Br, or I) is characterized by symmetric left and right hydrogen bonds separated by a C2v-symmetric saddle point, with a tunneling barrier height that is <2 kcal/mol except in the case of F-(H2O). Our analysis demonstrates that the charge-transfer energy is correspondingly small (<2 kcal/mol except for X = F), considerably smaller than the electrostatic interaction energy. Nevertheless, charge transfer plays a crucial role determining the conformational preferences of X-(H2O) and provides a driving force for the formation of quasi-linear X··· H-O hydrogen bonds. Charge-transfer energies correlate well with measured O-H vibrational redshifts for the halide-water complexes and also for OH-(H2O) and NO2-(H2O), providing some indication of a general mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Kevin Carter-Fenk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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5
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Water Radical Cations in the Gas Phase: Methods and Mechanisms of Formation, Structure and Chemical Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153490. [PMID: 32751962 PMCID: PMC7435662 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Water radical cations, (H2O)n+•, are of great research interest in both fundamental and applied sciences. Fundamental studies of water radical reactions are important to better understand the mechanisms of natural processes, such as proton transfer in aqueous solutions, the formation of hydrogen bonds and DNA damage, as well as for the discovery of new gas-phase reactions and products. In applied science, the interest in water radicals is prompted by their potential in radiobiology and as a source of primary ions for selective and sensitive chemical ionization. However, in contrast to protonated water clusters, (H2O)nH+, which are relatively easy to generate and isolate in experiments, the generation and isolation of radical water clusters, (H2O)n+•, is tremendously difficult due to their ultra-high reactivity. This review focuses on the current knowledge and unknowns regarding (H2O)n+• species, including the methods and mechanisms of their formation, structure and chemical properties.
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6
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Lee VGM, Vetterli NJ, Boyer MA, McCoy AB. Diffusion Monte Carlo Studies on the Detection of Structural Changes in the Water Hexamer upon Isotopic Substitution. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:6903-6912. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor G. M. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Vetterli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Mark A. Boyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Anne B. McCoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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7
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Naskar P. Structural and spectroscopic aspects of SCN (-)(H 2O) n clusters and the temperature dependency of the isomers: a parallel tempering based approach. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1528395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pulak Naskar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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8
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McDonald DC, Wagner JP, McCoy AB, Duncan MA. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Anharmonic Theory of Protonated Water Clusters: Higher Elevations in the Hydrogen Bonding Landscape. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5664-5671. [PMID: 30205006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy measurements are presented for protonated water clusters, H+(H2O) n, in the size range of n = 1-8. Clusters are produced in a pulsed-discharge supersonic expansion, mass selected, and studied with infrared laser photodissociation spectroscopy in the regions of 3600-4550 and 4850-7350 cm-1. Although there is some variation with cluster size, the main features of these spectra are a broad absorption near 5300 cm-1, a sharp doublet near 7200 cm-1, as well as a structured absorption near 4100 cm-1 for n ≥ 2. The vibrational patterns measured for the hydronium, Zundel, and Eigen ions are compared to those predicted by different forms of anharmonic theory. Second-order vibrational perturbation theory (VPT2) and a local mode treatment of the OH stretches both capture key aspects of the spectra but suffer understandable deficiencies in the quantitative description of band positions and intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C McDonald
- Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - J P Wagner
- Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - A B McCoy
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - M A Duncan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
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9
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Kelly JT, Mayer M, Kennedy AC, Schemel C, Asmis KR. Probing the propensity of perchlorate anions for surface solvation by infrared photodissociation spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:222840. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5028416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John T. Kelly
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Mayer
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Adam C. Kennedy
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Schemel
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Knut R. Asmis
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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10
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Hirshberg B, Gerber RB, Krylov AI. Autocorrelation of electronic wave-functions: a new approach for describing the evolution of electronic structure in the course of dynamics. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1464675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barak Hirshberg
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry , Jerusalem, Israel
| | - R. Benny Gerber
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry , Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Anna I. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA, USA
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11
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Mallory JD, Mandelshtam VA. Nuclear Quantum Effects and Thermodynamic Properties for Small (H2O)1–21X– Clusters (X– = F–, Cl–, Br–, I–). J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:4167-4180. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel D. Mallory
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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12
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Craig SM, Johnson CJ, Ranasinghe DS, Perera A, Bartlett RJ, Berman MR, Johnson MA. Vibrational Characterization of Radical Ion Adducts between Imidazole and CO 2. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:3805-3810. [PMID: 29608067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b01883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We address the molecular level origins of the dramatic difference in the catalytic mechanisms of CO2 activation by the seemingly similar molecules pyridine (Py) and imidazole (Im). This is accomplished by comparing the fundamental interactions of CO2 radical anions with Py and Im in the isolated, gas phase PyCO2- and ImCO2- complexes. These species are prepared by condensation of the neutral compounds onto a (CO2) n- cluster ion beam by entrainment in a supersonic jet ion source. The structures of the anionic complexes are determined by theoretical analysis of their vibrational spectra, obtained by IR photodissociation of weakly bound CO2 molecules in a photofragmentation mass spectrometer. Although the radical PyCO2- system adopts a carbamate-like configuration corresponding to formation of an N-C covalent bond, the ImCO2- species is revealed to be best described as an ion-molecule complex in which an oxygen atom in the CO2- radical anion is H-bonded to the NH group. Species that feature a covalent N-C interaction in ImCO2- are calculated to be locally stable structures, but are much higher in energy than the largely electrostatically bound ion-molecule complex. These results support the suggestion from solution phase electrochemical studies (Bocarsly et al. ACS Catal. 2012, 2, 1684-1692) that the N atoms are not directly involved in the catalytic activation of CO2 by Im.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Craig
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Christopher J Johnson
- Department of Chemistry , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
| | - Duminda S Ranasinghe
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Ajith Perera
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Rodney J Bartlett
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Michael R Berman
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research , Arlington , Virginia 22203 , United States
| | - Mark A Johnson
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
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13
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Shi R, Wang P, Tang L, Huang X, Chen Y, Su Y, Zhao J. Structures and Spectroscopic Properties of F -(H 2O) n with n = 1-10 Clusters from a Global Search Based On Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:3413-3422. [PMID: 29546760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b08872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Using a genetic algorithm incorporated in density functional theory, we explore the ground state structures of fluoride anion-water clusters F-(H2O) n with n = 1-10. The F-(H2O) n clusters prefer structures in which the F- anion remains at the surface of the structure and coordinates with four water molecules, as the F-(H2O) n clusters have strong F--H2O interactions as well as strong hydrogen bonds between H2O molecules. The strong interaction between the F- anion and adjacent H2O molecule leads to a longer O-H distance in the adjacent molecule than in an individual water molecule. The simulated infrared (IR) spectra of the F-(H2O)1-5 clusters obtained via second-order vibrational perturbation theory (VPT2) and including anharmonic effects reproduce the experimental results quite well. The strong interaction between the F- anion and water molecules results in a large redshift (600-2300 cm-1) of the adjacent O-H stretching mode. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis of the lowest-energy structures of the F-(H2O)1-10 clusters illustrates that charge transfer from the lone pair electron orbital of F- to the antibonding orbital of the adjacent O-H is mainly responsible for the strong interaction between the F- anion and water molecules, which leads to distinctly different geometric and vibrational properties compared with neutral water clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Shi
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams , Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Pengju Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams , Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Lingli Tang
- College of Science , Dalian Minzu University , Dalian 116600 , China
| | - Xiaoming Huang
- School of Ocean Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221 , China
| | - Yonggang Chen
- Network and Information Center , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Yan Su
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams , Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams , Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education , Dalian 116024 , China
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14
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Bajaj P, Wang XG, Carrington T, Paesani F. Vibrational spectra of halide-water dimers: Insights on ion hydration from full-dimensional quantum calculations on many-body potential energy surfaces. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:102321. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5005540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pushp Bajaj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Xiao-Gang Wang
- Chemistry Department, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Tucker Carrington
- Chemistry Department, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Francesco Paesani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, and San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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15
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Ray AW, Ma J, Otto R, Li J, Guo H, Continetti RE. Effects of vibrational excitation on the F + H 2O → HF + OH reaction: dissociative photodetachment of overtone-excited [F-H-OH] . Chem Sci 2017; 8:7821-7833. [PMID: 29163919 PMCID: PMC5674243 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03364h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodetaching vibrationally excited FH2O– channels energy into the reaction coordinate of the F + H2O reaction, as shown in this joint experimental-theoretical study.
The reaction F + H2O → HF + OH is a four-atom system that provides an important benchmark for reaction dynamics. Hydrogen atom transfer at the transition state for this reaction is expected to exhibit a strong dependence on reactant vibrational excitation. In the present study, the vibrational effects are examined by photodetachment of vibrationally excited F–(H2O) precursor anions using photoelectron-photofragment coincidence (PPC) spectroscopy and compared with full six-dimensional quantum dynamical calculations on ab initio potential energy surfaces. Prior to photodetachment at hνUV = 4.80 eV, the overtone of the ionic hydrogen bond mode in the precursor F–(H2O), 2νIHB at 2885 cm–1, was excited using a tunable IR laser. Experiment and theory show that vibrational energy in the anion can be effectively carried away by the photoelectron upon a Franck–Condon photodetachment, and also show evidence for an increase of branching into the F + H2O reactant channel. The experimental results suggest a greater role for product rotational excitation than theory. Improved potential energy surfaces and longer wavepacket propagation times would be helpful to further examine the nature of the discrepancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia W Ray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093-0340 , USA .
| | - Jianyi Ma
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610065 , China .
| | - Rico Otto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093-0340 , USA .
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , USA
| | - Robert E Continetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093-0340 , USA .
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16
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Duong CH, Gorlova O, Yang N, Kelleher PJ, Johnson MA, McCoy AB, Yu Q, Bowman JM. Disentangling the Complex Vibrational Spectrum of the Protonated Water Trimer, H +(H 2O) 3, with Two-Color IR-IR Photodissociation of the Bare Ion and Anharmonic VSCF/VCI Theory. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3782-3789. [PMID: 28737922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vibrational spectroscopy of the protonated water trimer provides a stringent constraint on the details of the potential energy surface (PES) and vibrational dynamics governing excess proton motion far from equilibrium. Here we report the linear spectrum of the cold, bare H+(H2O)3 ion using a two-color, IR-IR photofragmentation technique and follow the evolution of the bands with increasing ion trap temperature. The key low-energy features are insensitive to both D2 tagging and internal energy. The D2-tagged D+(D2O)3 spectrum is reported for the first time, and the isotope dependence of the band pattern is surprisingly complex. These spectra are reproduced by large-scale vibrational configuration interaction calculations based on a new full-dimensional PES, which treat the anharmonic effects arising from large amplitude motion. The results indicate such extensive mode mixing in both isotopologues that one should be cautious about assigning even the strongest features to particular motions, especially for the absorptions that occur close to the intramolecular bending mode of the water molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinh H Duong
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Olga Gorlova
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Nan Yang
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Patrick J Kelleher
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Mark A Johnson
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Anne B McCoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Computational Science, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Joel M Bowman
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Computational Science, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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17
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Gorlova O, DePalma JW, Wolke CT, Brathwaite A, Odbadrakh TT, Jordan KD, McCoy AB, Johnson MA. Characterization of the primary hydration shell of the hydroxide ion with H2 tagging vibrational spectroscopy of the OH− ⋅ (H2O)n=2,3 and OD− ⋅ (D2O)n=2,3 clusters. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:134304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4962912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gorlova
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Joseph W. DePalma
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Conrad T. Wolke
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Antonio Brathwaite
- College of Science and Mathematics, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands 00802, USA
| | - Tuguldur T. Odbadrakh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15620, USA
| | - Kenneth D. Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15620, USA
| | - Anne B. McCoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Mark A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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18
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Punyain W, Takahashi K. Theoretical calculation of the vibrational state dependent photodetachment spectra of X -H 2O, X = F, Cl, Br. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:26970-26979. [PMID: 27711519 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04886b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vibrational spectra of X-H2O (X = F, Cl, Br) were simulated using full dimensional vibrational calculations using quantum chemistry potential energy surfaces. Furthermore, utilizing the reflection approximation, we simulated the photodetachment spectra obtained from different vibrational excited states. From these spectra, we can observe changes in the hydrogen bond interaction between the anion and the neutral XH2O system. Notably, for F-H2O, the excitation of the ionic hydrogen bonded (IHB) OH stretching vibration generates a large tail on the low energy side of the photodetachment spectra compared to the detachment from the zero-point vibration state. This shows that the IHB OH stretching vibration of F-H2O causes charge delocalization from F- to the oxygen atom in H2O, and that the photodetachment from FHOH- occurs at lower energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wikorn Punyain
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, PO Box 23-166, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, NU-Research Center for Petroleum, Petrochemicals and Advanced Materials Naresuan University, T. Thapo, A. Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Kaito Takahashi
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, PO Box 23-166, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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19
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Litman YE, Videla PE, Rodriguez J, Laria D. Positional Isotope Exchange in HX·(H2O)n (X = F, I) Clusters at Low Temperatures. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:7213-24. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b06681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yair E. Litman
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química-Física
and INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo E. Videla
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química-Física
and INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier Rodriguez
- Departamento
de Física de la Materia Condensada, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Avenida Libertador 8250, 1429 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- ECyT, UNSAM, Martín
de Irigoyen 3100, 1650 San Martín, Pcia. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Laria
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química-Física
and INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento
de Física de la Materia Condensada, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Avenida Libertador 8250, 1429 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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20
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Naskar P, Chaudhury P. An investigation on the structure, spectroscopy and thermodynamic aspects of Br2((-))(H2O)n clusters using a conjunction of stochastic and quantum chemical methods. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:16245-57. [PMID: 27251059 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01960a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work we obtained global as well as local structures of Br2((-))(H2O)n clusters for n = 2 to 6 followed by the study of IR-spectral features and thermochemistry for the structures. The way adopted by us to obtain structures is not the conventional one used in most cases. Here we at first generated excellent quality pre-optimized structures by exploring the suitable empirical potential energy surface using stochastic optimizer simulated annealing. These structures are then further refined using quantum chemical calculations to obtain the final structures, and spectral and thermodynamic features. We clearly showed that our approach results in very quick and better convergence which reduces the computational cost and obviously using the strategy we are able to get one [i.e. global] or more than one [i.e. global and local(s)] energetically lower structures than those which are already reported for a given cluster size. Moreover, IR-spectral results and the evolutionary trends in interaction energy, solvation energy and vertical detachment energy for global structures of each size have also been presented to establish the utility of the procedure employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulak Naskar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A P C Road, Kolkata 700 009, India.
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Sarka J, Lauvergnat D, Brites V, Császár AG, Léonard C. Rovibrational energy levels of the F−(H2O) and F−(D2O) complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:17678-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02874h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new accurate 6D PES is determined obtained from CCSD(T)-F12 calculations including two dissociation channels (HF + OH− and F− + H2O). A novel way is developed to use complex coordinates in variational nuclear motion computations. The rovibrational energies of F−(H2O) (the complete set up to 3700 cm−1) and F−(D2O) have been computed. The tunneling splittings describing the two complexes are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Sarka
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure and Dynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Eötvös University and MTA-ELTE Complex Chemical Systems Research Group
- H-1518 Budapest 112
- Hungary
| | - David Lauvergnat
- Université Paris-Sud
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique
- LCP UMR 8000 CNRS
- F-91405 Orsay
- France
| | - Vincent Brites
- Université Paris-Est
- Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle
- MSME UMR 8208 CNRS
- F-77454 Marne-la-Vallée
- France
| | - Attila G. Császár
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure and Dynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Eötvös University and MTA-ELTE Complex Chemical Systems Research Group
- H-1518 Budapest 112
- Hungary
| | - Celine Léonard
- Université Paris-Est
- Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle
- MSME UMR 8208 CNRS
- F-77454 Marne-la-Vallée
- France
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Naskar P, Chaudhury P. Structural and spectroscopic studies of iodine dimer radical anion hydrated clusters: an approach using a combination of stochastic and quantum chemical methods. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19763e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Structures of I2(−)(H2O)5 clusters after evaluation by simulated annealing and subsequent DFT calculation respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulak Naskar
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata 700 009
- India
| | - Pinaki Chaudhury
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata 700 009
- India
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Beck JP, Cimas A, Lisy JM, Gaigeot MP. O-H anharmonic vibrational motions in Cl(-)···(CH3OH)(1-2) ionic clusters. Combined IRPD experiments and AIMD simulations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 119:12-17. [PMID: 23810567 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The structures of Cl(-)-(Methanol)1,2 clusters have been unraveled combining Infrared Predissociation (IR-PD) experiments and DFT-based molecular dynamics simulations (DFT-MD) at 100 K. The dynamical IR spectra extracted from DFT-MD provide the initial 600 cm(-1) large anharmonic red-shift of the O-H stretch from uncomplexed methanol (3682 cm(-1)) to Cl(-)-(Methanol)1 complex (3085 cm(-1)) as observed in the IR-PD experiment, as well as the subtle supplementary blue- and red-shifts of the O-H stretch in Cl(-)-(Methanol)2 depending on the structure. The anharmonic vibrational calculations remarkably provide the 100 cm(-1) O-H blue-shift when the two methanol molecules are simultaneously organized in the anion first hydration shell (conformer 2A), while they provide the 240 cm(-1) O-H red-shift when the second methanol is in the second hydration shell of Cl(-) (conformer 2B). RRKM calculations have also shown that 2A/2B conformers interconvert on a nanosecond time-scale at the estimated 100 K temperature of the clusters formed by evaporative cooling of argon prior to the IR-PD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan P Beck
- Concordia University Wisconsin, 12800 N. Lakeshore Drive, Mequon, WI 53097, USA.
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Kamarchik E, Toffoli D, Christiansen O, Bowman JM. Ab initio potential energy and dipole moment surfaces of the F(-)(H2O) complex. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 119:59-62. [PMID: 23756053 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present full-dimensional, ab initio potential energy and dipole moment surfaces for the F(-)(H2O) complex. The potential surface is a permutationally invariant fit to 16,114 coupled-cluster single double (triple)/aVTZ energies, while the dipole surface is a covariant fit to 11,395 CCSD(T)/aVTZ dipole moments. Vibrational self-consistent field/vibrational configuration interaction (VSCF/VCI) calculations of energies and the IR-spectrum are presented both for F(-)(H2O) and for the deuterated analog, F(-)(D2O). A one-dimensional calculation of the splitting of the ground state, due to equivalent double-well global minima, is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Kamarchik
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
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Kawashima Y, Suzuki K, Tachikawa M. Ab Initio Path Integral Simulations for the Fluoride Ion–Water Clusters: Competitive Nuclear Quantum Effect Between F––Water and Water–Water Hydrogen Bonds. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:5205-10. [DOI: 10.1021/jp403295h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Kawashima
- Quantum Chemistry Division, Graduate School of Science, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University , Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
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Wolk AB, Garand E, Jones IM, Hamilton AD, Johnson MA. Quantifying Intrinsic Ion-Driven Conformational Changes in Diphenylacetylene Supramolecular Switches with Cryogenic Ion Vibrational Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:5962-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3111925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arron B. Wolk
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New
Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Etienne Garand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University
Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ian M. Jones
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin, Texas
78712, United States
| | - Andrew D. Hamilton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road,
Oxford OX1 3TA, Great Britain
| | - Mark A. Johnson
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New
Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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Fawzy WM, Elsayed M, Zhang Y. Correlated ab initio investigations on the intermolecular and intramolecular potential energy surfaces in the ground electronic state of the O2(-)(X2Πg)-HF(X1Σ+) complex. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:014304. [PMID: 23298038 DOI: 10.1063/1.4772653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reports the first highly correlated ab initio study of the intermolecular and intramolecular potential energy surfaces in the ground electronic state of the O(2)(-)(X(2)Π(g))-HF(X(1)Σ(+)) complex. Accurate electronic structure calculations were performed using the coupled cluster method including single and double excitations with addition of the perturbative triples correction [CCSD(T)] with the Dunning's correlation consistent basis sets aug-cc-pVnZ, n = 2-5. Also, the explicitly correlated CCSD(T)-F12a level of theory was employed with the AVnZ basis as well as the Peterson and co-workers VnZ-F12 basis sets with n = 2 and 3. Results of all levels of calculations predicted two equivalent minimum energy structures of planar geometry and C(s) symmetry along the A" surface of the complex, whereas the A' surface is repulsive. Values of the geometrical parameters and the counterpoise corrected dissociation energies (Cp-D(e)) that were calculated using the CCSD(T)-F12a/VnZ-F12 level of theory are in excellent agreement with those obtained from the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV5Z calculations. The minimum energy structure is characterized by a very short hydrogen bond of length of 1.328 Å, with elongation of the HF bond distance in the complex by 0.133 Å, and D(e) value of 32.313 Kcal/mol. Mulliken atomic charges showed that 65% of the negative charge is localized on the hydrogen bonded end of the superoxide radical and the HF unit becomes considerably polarized in the complex. These results suggest that the hydrogen bond is an incipient ionic bond. Exploration of the potential energy surface confirmed the identified minimum and provided support for vibrationally induced intramolecular proton transfer within the complex. The T-shaped geometry that possesses C(2v) symmetry presents a saddle point on the top of the barrier to the in-plane bending of the hydrogen above and below the axis that connects centers of masses of the monomers. The height of this barrier is 7.257 Kcal/mol, which is higher in energy than the hydrogen bending frequency by 909.2 cm(-1). The calculated harmonic oscillator vibrational frequencies showed that the H-F stretch vibrational transition in the complex is redshifted by 2564 cm(-1) and gained significant intensity (by at least a factor of 30) with respect to the transition in the HF monomer. These results make the O(2)(-)-HF complex an excellent prototype for infrared spectroscopic investigations on open-shell complexes with vibrationally induced proton transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa M Fawzy
- Department of Chemistry, Murray State University, 1201 Jesse D. Jones Hall, Murray, Kentucky 42071, USA.
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Fawzy WM. Ab Initio Study of the Intermolecular Potential Energy Surface in the Ion-Induced-Dipole Hydrogen-Bonded O2–(X2Πg)–H2(X1Σg+) Complex. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:1069-76. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2088753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa M. Fawzy
- Department of Chemistry, Murray State University, 1201 Jesse D. Jones Hall, Murray, Kentucky 42071, United States
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Abstract
Monovalent ion hydration entropies are analyzed via energetic partitioning of the potential distribution theorem free energy. Extensive molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations are performed over a range of temperatures to determine the electrostatic and van der Waals components of the entropy. The far-field electrostatic contribution is negative and small in magnitude, and it does not vary significantly as a function of ion size, consistent with dielectric models. The local electrostatic contribution, however, varies widely as a function of ion size; the sign yields a direct indication of the kosmotropic (strongly hydrated) or chaotropic (weakly hydrated) nature of the ion hydration. The results provide a thermodynamic signature for specific ion effects in hydration and are consistent with experiments that suggest minimal perturbations of water structure outside the first hydration shell. The hydration entropies are also examined in relation to the corresponding entropies for the isoelectronic rare gas pairs; an inverse correlation is observed, as expected from thermodynamic hydration data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Beck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States.
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Toffoli D, Sparta M, Christiansen O. Vibrational spectroscopy of hydrogen-bonded systems: Six-dimensional simulation of the IR spectrum of F−(H2O) complex. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Guasco TL, Johnson MA, McCoy AB. Unraveling Anharmonic Effects in the Vibrational Predissociation Spectra of H5O2+ and Its Deuterated Analogues. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:5847-58. [DOI: 10.1021/jp109999b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy L. Guasco
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Mark A. Johnson
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Anne B. McCoy
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Suzuki K, Tachikawa M, Shiga M. Efficient ab initio path integral hybrid Monte Carlo based on the fourth-order Trotter expansion: Application to fluoride ion-water cluster. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:144108. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3367724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Horvath S, McCoy AB, Elliott BM, Weddle GH, Roscioli JR, Johnson MA. Anharmonicities and Isotopic Effects in the Vibrational Spectra of X−·H2O, ·HDO, and ·D2O [X = Cl, Br, and I] Binary Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2009; 114:1556-68. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9088782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Fleisher AJ, Morgan PJ, Pratt DW. Charge transfer by electronic excitation: Direct measurement by high resolution spectroscopy in the gas phase. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:211101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3259690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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McCoy AB, Sprague MK, Okumura M. The Role of Torsion/Torsion Coupling in the Vibrational Spectrum of Cis−Cis HOONO. J Phys Chem A 2009; 114:1324-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jp905731h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne B. McCoy
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Matthew K. Sprague
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Mitchio Okumura
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
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Oana CM, Krylov AI. Cross sections and photoelectron angular distributions in photodetachment from negative ions using equation-of-motion coupled-cluster Dyson orbitals. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:124114. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3231143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Schneider H, Takahashi K, Skodje RT, Weber JM. Infrared spectra of SF6(-) x HCOOH x Ar(n) (n = 0-2): infrared triggered reaction and Ar-induced reactive inhibition. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:174302. [PMID: 19425771 DOI: 10.1063/1.3125960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the infrared spectra of SF(6)(-) x HCOOH x Ar(m) (m=0-2) complexes. We find that the binding motif involves a single hydrogen bond between the SF(6)(-) anion and the OH group of the formic acid, with the CH group weakly tethered to a neighboring F atom. Similar to the case of hydrated SF(6)(-), the SF bond involved in the (OH-F) bond is significantly stretched and weakened by the attachment of the HCOOH ligand. The bare complex undergoes reaction upon infrared absorption in the CH/OH stretching region of the formic acid moiety, leading predominantly to the formation of SF(4)(-) + 2HF + CO(2). The reaction can be inhibited by attachment of two Ar atoms. We discuss a likely reaction mechanism in the framework of ab initio calculations, suggesting that reaction proceeds via tunneling through the potential barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Schneider
- JILA, NIST, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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Gardenier GH, Johnson MA, McCoy AB. Spectroscopic Study of the Ion−Radical H-Bond in H4O2+. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:4772-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp811493s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark. A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Anne B. McCoy
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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