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Effect of solvent polarity on the potential energy surface in the SN2 reaction of F− + CH3Cl. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Satpathy L, Sahu PK, Behera PK, Mishra BK. Solvent Effect on the Potential Energy Surfaces of the F - + CH 3CH 2Br Reaction. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:5861-5869. [PMID: 29909618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b02687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although substantial work has been undertaken on reaction pathways involved in base-promoted elimination reactions and bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction of F- on CH3CH2X (X = Cl, Br, I), the effect of solvents with varying dielectric constants on the stereochemistry of each of the reaction species involved across the reaction profile have not yet been clearly understood. The present investigation reports the effect of solvents on the potential energy surfaces (PES) and structures of the species appearing in the reaction pathway of F- with bromoethane. The PESs in the gas phase have been computed at MP2 level and CCSD(T) level. The performance of several hybrid density functional, such as B3LYP, M06, M06L, BHandH, X3LYP, M05, M05-2X, and M06-2X have also been investigated toward describing the elimination and nucleophilic substitution reactions. With respect to MAE values and to make the computation cost-effective, we have explored the implicit continuum solvent model, CPCM in solvents like cyclohexane, methanol, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide and water. The reactant complexes proceed through the subsequent steps to produce fluoroethane as the substitution product and ethylene as one of the elimination products. For elimination reaction both syn and anti elimination have been explored. The calculated relatives energies values, which are negative in the gas phase, are found to be positive in polar solvents since the point charge in the separated reactants are more stabilized than the dispersed charge in the transient complex, which has also been analyzed through NBO analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lopamudra Satpathy
- Centre of Studies in Surface Science and Technology, School of Chemistry , Sambalpur University , Jyoti Vihar 768 019 , India
| | - Prabhat K Sahu
- Computational Modeling Research Laboratory , School of Chemistry Sambalpur University , Jyoti Vihar 768 019 , India
| | - Pradipta K Behera
- Centre of Studies in Surface Science and Technology, School of Chemistry , Sambalpur University , Jyoti Vihar 768 019 , India
| | - Bijay K Mishra
- Centre of Studies in Surface Science and Technology, School of Chemistry , Sambalpur University , Jyoti Vihar 768 019 , India
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Bento AP, Solà M, Bickelhaupt FM. E2 and SN2 Reactions of X(-) + CH3CH2X (X = F, Cl); an ab Initio and DFT Benchmark Study. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 4:929-40. [PMID: 26621234 DOI: 10.1021/ct700318e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We have computed consistent benchmark potential energy surfaces (PESs) for the anti-E2, syn-E2, and SN2 pathways of X(-) + CH3CH2X with X = F and Cl. This benchmark has been used to evaluate the performance of 31 popular density functionals, covering local-density approximation, generalized gradient approximation (GGA), meta-GGA, and hybrid density-functional theory (DFT). The ab initio benchmark has been obtained by exploring the PESs using a hierarchical series of ab initio methods [up to CCSD(T)] in combination with a hierarchical series of Gaussian-type basis sets (up to aug-cc-pVQZ). Our best CCSD(T) estimates show that the overall barriers for the various pathways increase in the order anti-E2 (X = F) < SN2 (X = F) < SN2 (X = Cl) ∼ syn-E2 (X = F) < anti-E2 (X = Cl) < syn-E2 (X = Cl). Thus, anti-E2 dominates for F(-) + CH3CH2F, and SN2 dominates for Cl(-) + CH3CH2Cl, while syn-E2 is in all cases the least favorable pathway. Best overall agreement with our ab initio benchmark is obtained by representatives from each of the three categories of functionals, GGA, meta-GGA, and hybrid DFT, with mean absolute errors in, for example, central barriers of 4.3 (OPBE), 2.2 (M06-L), and 2.0 kcal/mol (M06), respectively. Importantly, the hybrid functional BHandH and the meta-GGA M06-L yield incorrect trends and qualitative features of the PESs (in particular, an erroneous preference for SN2 over the anti-E2 in the case of F(-) + CH3CH2F) even though they are among the best functionals as measured by their small mean absolute errors of 3.3 and 2.2 kcal/mol in reaction barriers. OLYP and B3LYP have somewhat higher mean absolute errors in central barriers (5.6 and 4.8 kcal/mol, respectively), but the error distribution is somewhat more uniform, and as a consequence, the correct trends are reproduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Patrícia Bento
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling, Scheikundig Laboratorium der Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Institut de Química Computacional, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling, Scheikundig Laboratorium der Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Institut de Química Computacional, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - F Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling, Scheikundig Laboratorium der Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Institut de Química Computacional, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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Osuna S, Swart M, Solà M. Dispersion Corrections Essential for the Study of Chemical Reactivity in Fullerenes. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:3491-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1091575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Osuna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA90095-1569, United States
| | - Marcel Swart
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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Osuna S, Morera J, Cases M, Morokuma K, Solà M. Diels−Alder Reaction between Cyclopentadiene and C60: An Analysis of the Performance of the ONIOM Method for the Study of Chemical Reactivity in Fullerenes and Nanotubes. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:9721-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp904294y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Osuna
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain, Chemogenomics Laboratory, Research Unit on Biomedical Informatics, Institut Municipal d’Investigació Mèdica and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, Department of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, and Fukui Institute for
| | - Josep Morera
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain, Chemogenomics Laboratory, Research Unit on Biomedical Informatics, Institut Municipal d’Investigació Mèdica and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, Department of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, and Fukui Institute for
| | - Montserrat Cases
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain, Chemogenomics Laboratory, Research Unit on Biomedical Informatics, Institut Municipal d’Investigació Mèdica and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, Department of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, and Fukui Institute for
| | - Keiji Morokuma
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain, Chemogenomics Laboratory, Research Unit on Biomedical Informatics, Institut Municipal d’Investigació Mèdica and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, Department of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, and Fukui Institute for
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain, Chemogenomics Laboratory, Research Unit on Biomedical Informatics, Institut Municipal d’Investigació Mèdica and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, Department of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, and Fukui Institute for
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de Jong GT, Bickelhaupt FM. Oxidative Addition of the Chloromethane C−Cl Bond to Pd, an ab Initio Benchmark and DFT Validation Study. J Chem Theory Comput 2006; 2:322-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ct050254g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Theodoor de Jong
- Afdeling Theoretische Chemie, Scheikundig Laboratorium der Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Afdeling Theoretische Chemie, Scheikundig Laboratorium der Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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de Jong GT, Bickelhaupt FM. Oxidative Addition of the Fluoromethane C−F Bond to Pd. An ab Initio Benchmark and DFT Validation Study. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:9685-99. [PMID: 16866421 DOI: 10.1021/jp053587i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have computed a state-of-the-art benchmark potential energy surface (PES) for two reaction pathways (oxidative insertion, OxIn, and S(N)2) for oxidative addition of the fluoromethane C-F bond to the palladium atom and have used this to evaluate the performance of 26 popular density functionals, covering LDA, GGA, meta-GGA, and hybrid density functionals, for describing these reactions. The ab initio benchmark is obtained by exploring the PES using a hierarchical series of ab initio methods (HF, MP2, CCSD, CCSD(T)) in combination with a hierarchical series of seven Gaussian-type basis sets, up to g polarization. Relativistic effects are taken into account through a full four-component all-electron approach. Our best estimate of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters is -5.3 (-6.1) kcal/mol for the formation of the reactant complex, 27.8 (25.4) kcal/mol for the activation energy for oxidative insertion (OxIn) relative to the separate reactants, 37.5 (31.8) kcal/mol for the activation energy for the alternative S(N)2 pathway, and -6.4 (-7.8) kcal/mol for the reaction energy (zero-point vibrational energy-corrected values in parentheses). Our work highlights the importance of sufficient higher angular momentum polarization functions for correctly describing metal-d-electron correlation. Best overall agreement with our ab initio benchmark is obtained by functionals from all three categories, GGA, meta-GGA, and hybrid DFT, with mean absolute errors of 1.4-2.7 kcal/mol and errors in activation energies ranging from 0.3 to 2.8 kcal/mol. The B3LYP functional compares very well with a slight underestimation of the overall barrier for OxIn by -0.9 kcal/mol. For comparison, the well-known BLYP functional underestimates the overall barrier by -10.1 kcal/mol. The relative performance of these two functionals is inverted with respect to previous findings for the insertion of Pd into the C-H and C-C bonds. However, all major functionals yield correct trends and qualitative features of the PES, in particular, a clear preference for the OxIn over the alternative S(N)2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Theodoor de Jong
- Afdeling Theoretische Chemie, Scheikundig Laboratorium der Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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De Jong GT, Geerke DP, Diefenbach A, Solà M, Bickelhaupt FM. Oxidative addition of the ethane CC bond to Pd. Anab initiobenchmark and DFT validation study. J Comput Chem 2005; 26:1006-20. [PMID: 15880815 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.20233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We have computed a state-of-the-art benchmark potential energy surface (PES) for the archetypal oxidative addition of the ethane C-C bond to the palladium atom and have used this to evaluate the performance of 24 popular density functionals, covering LDA, GGA, meta-GGA, and hybrid density functionals, for describing this reaction. The ab initio benchmark is obtained by exploring the PES using a hierarchical series of ab initio methods [HF, MP2, CCSD, CCSD(T)] in combination with a hierarchical series of five Gaussian-type basis sets, up to g polarization. Relativistic effects are taken into account either through a relativistic effective core potential for palladium or through a full four-component all-electron approach. Our best estimate of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters is -10.8 (-11.3) kcal/mol for the formation of the reactant complex, 19.4 (17.1) kcal/mol for the activation energy relative to the separate reactants, and -4.5 (-6.8) kcal/mol for the reaction energy (zero-point vibrational energy-corrected values in parentheses). Our work highlights the importance of sufficient higher angular momentum polarization functions for correctly describing metal-d-electron correlation. Best overall agreement with our ab initio benchmark is obtained by functionals from all three categories, GGA, meta-GGA, and hybrid DFT, with mean absolute errors of 1.5 to 2.5 kcal/mol and errors in activation energies ranging from -0.2 to -3.2 kcal/mol. Interestingly, the well-known BLYP functional compares very reasonably with a slight underestimation of the overall barrier by -0.9 kcal/mol. For comparison, with B3LYP we arrive at an overestimation of the overall barrier by 5.8 kcal/mol. On the other hand, B3LYP performs excellently for the central barrier (i.e., relative to the reactant complex) which it underestimates by only -0.1 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Theodoor De Jong
- Afdeling Theoretische Chemie, Scheikundig Laboratorium der Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bento AP, Solà M, Bickelhaupt FM. Ab initio and DFT benchmark study for nucleophilic substitution at carbon (SN2@C) and silicon (SN2@Si). J Comput Chem 2005; 26:1497-504. [PMID: 16092145 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.20261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To obtain a set of consistent benchmark potential energy surfaces (PES) for the two archetypal nucleophilic substitution reactions of the chloride anion at carbon in chloromethane (S(N)2@C) and at silicon in chlorosilane (S(N)2@Si), we have explored these PESes using a hierarchical series of ab initio methods [HF, MP2, MP4SDQ, CCSD, CCSD(T)] in combination with a hierarchical series of six Gaussian-type basis sets, up to g polarization. Relative energies of stationary points are converged to within 0.01 to 0.56 kcal/mol as a function of the basis-set size. Our best estimate, at CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVQZ, for the relative energies of the [Cl(-), CH(3)Cl] reactant complex, the [Cl-CH(3)-Cl](-) transition state and the stable [Cl-SiH(3)-Cl](-) transition complex is -10.42, +2.52, and -27.10 kcal/mol, respectively. Furthermore, we have investigated the performance for these reactions of four popular density functionals, namely, BP86, BLYP, B3LYP, and OLYP, in combination with a large doubly polarized Slater-type basis set of triple-zeta quality (TZ2P). Best overall agreement with our CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVQZ benchmark is obtained with OLYP and B3LYP. However, OLYP performs better for the S(N)2@C overall and central barriers, which it underestimates by 2.65 and 4.05 kcal/mol, respectively. The other DFT approaches underestimate these barriers by some 4.8 (B3LYP) to 9.0 kcal/mol (BLYP).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Patrícia Bento
- Afdeling Theoretische Chemie, Scheikundig Laboratorium der Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Semialjac M, Schwarz H. Computational exploration of rearrangements related to the vitamin B12-dependent ethanolamine ammonia lyase catalyzed transformation. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:8974-83. [PMID: 12137553 DOI: 10.1021/ja020101s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
DFT (B3LYP/6-31G) and ab initio molecular orbital theory (QCISD/cc-pVDZ) are used to investigate several possible mechanisms involving free radical intermediates as well as their protonated forms for processes related to the coenzyme B(12)-dependent rearrangement catalyzed by ethanolamine ammonia lyase. Two major types of rearrangements are discussed in detail, intramolecular migration and dissociation of the amine/ammonia groups, for both of which several scenarios are considered. According to the calculations, the complete dissociation of the migrating group and its subsequent association constitute an unlikely route for both the protonated and the unprotonated reactant because of the high-energy barriers (more than 23 kcal/mol) involved in these steps. Direct migration of the protonated amine group is far more favorable (10.4 kcal/mol) and therefore presents the most likely candidate for the actual enzymatic reaction. The calculations further imply that the direct loss of an ammonium cation (10.6 kcal/mol) represents a feasible pathway as well. Comparing the rearrangements for the aminoethanol radical and its protonated counterpart, in line with previous findings reported by Golding, Radom, and co-workers, we find that the migration of a protonated group is in general associated with lower energy barriers, suggesting that the actual enzyme substrate quite likely corresponds to (partially) protonated aminoethanol. As the extent of the substrate protonation/deprotonation by the active site of the enzyme may vary, the actual energy barriers are expected to range between the values calculated for the two extreme cases of a substrate, that is, the aminoethanol radical 2 and its fully protonated form 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Semialjac
- Institut für Chemie der Technischen Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.
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Rosi M, Bauschlicher CW. Using hydrogen and chlorine on Si(111) to store data, an improved model. Chem Phys Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(01)01060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Harcourt RD, Wolynec PP. Parametrized Valence Bond Studies of the Origin of the N−F Bond Lengthenings of FNO2 and FNO. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp004459r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - P. Peter Wolynec
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Solà M, Toro-Labbé A. The Hammond Postulate and the Principle of Maximum Hardness in Some Intramolecular Rearrangement Reactions. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp990576e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional, Universitat de Girona, 17071, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Toro-Labbé
- Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Correo 22, Santiago, Chile
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Feng B, Shen J, Grill V, Evans C, Cooks RG. Cleavage of C−C and C−F Bonds by Xe+• and I+ Ions in Reactions at a Fluorinated Self-Assembled Monolayer Surface: Collision Energy Dependence and Mechanisms. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja973201k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Feng
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - J. Shen
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - V. Grill
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - C. Evans
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - R. G. Cooks
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Bauschlicher CW, Rosi M. Differentiating between H and F or H and CN on C(111) or Si(111) Surfaces. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9734742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marzio Rosi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Perugia, I-06100, Perugia, Italy
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Thümmel HT. Theoretical Study on X−H, −O, −OH, −NO, −ONO, and −NO2 (X = CH3, t-C4H9, C13H21). J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp971873r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. T. Thümmel
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000
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Electron-transfer reactivity in the activation of organic fluorides by bare metal monocations. Chem Phys Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(97)01112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Electron-transfer reactivity in the activation of organic fluorides by bare metal monocations. Chem Phys Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(97)00560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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