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Payne ZC, Dalton EZ, Gandolfo A, Raff JD. HONO Measurement by Catalytic Conversion to NO on Nafion Surfaces. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:85-95. [PMID: 36533654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A selective catalytic converter has been developed to quantify nitrous acid (HONO), a photochemical precursor to NO and OH radicals that drives the formation of ozone and other pollutants in the troposphere. The converter is made from a sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene-based fluoropolymer-copolymer (Nafion) that was found to convert HONO to NO with unity yield under specific conditions. When coupled to a commercially available NOx (=NO + NO2) chemiluminescence (CL) analyzer, the system measures HONO with a limit of detection as low as 64 parts-per-trillion (ppt) (1 min average) in addition to NOx. The converter is selective for HONO when tested against other common gas-phase reactive nitrogen species, although loss of O3 on Nafion is a potential interference. The sensitivity and selectivity of this method allow for accurate measurement of atmospherically relevant concentrations of HONO. This was demonstrated by good agreement between HONO measurements made with the Nafion-CL method and those made with chemical ionization mass spectrometry in a simulation chamber and in indoor air. The observed reactivity of HONO on Nafion also has significant implications for the accuracy of CL NOx analyzers that use Nafion to remove water from sampling lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary C Payne
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana47405, United States
| | - Evan Z Dalton
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana47405, United States
| | - Adrien Gandolfo
- Paul H. O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana47405, United States
| | - Jonathan D Raff
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana47405, United States
- Paul H. O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana47405, United States
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2
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Resolving the amine-promoted hydrolysis mechanism of N 2O 5 under tropospheric conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2205668119. [PMID: 36122231 PMCID: PMC9522417 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205668119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrolysis of N2O5 under tropospheric conditions plays a critical role in assessing the fate of O3, OH, and NOx in the atmosphere. However, its removal mechanism has not been fully understood, and little is known about the role of entropy. Herein, we propose a removal path of N2O5 on the water clusters/droplet with the existence of amine, which entails a low free-energy barrier of 4.46 and 3.76 kcal/mol on a water trimer and droplet, respectively, at room temperature. The free-energy barrier exhibits strong temperature dependence; a barrierless hydrolysis process of N2O5 at low temperature (≤150 K) is observed. By coupling constrained ab initio molecular dynamics (constrained AIMD) simulations with thermodynamic integration methods, we quantitively evaluated the entropic contributions to the free energy and compared NH3-, methylamine (MA)-, and dimethylamine (DMA)-promoted hydrolysis of N2O5 on water clusters and droplet. Our results demonstrate that methylation of NH3 stabilizes the product state and promotes hydrolysis of N2O5 by reducing the free-energy barriers. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis of the internal coordinate distribution of the reaction center and the relative position of surrounding species reveals that the significant entropic contribution primarily results from the ensemble effect of configurations observed in the AIMD simulations. Such an ensemble effect becomes more significant with more water molecules included. Lowering the temperature effectively minimizes the entropic contribution, making the hydrolysis more exothermic and barrierless. This study sheds light on the importance of the promoting effect of amines and the entropic effect on gas-phase hydrolysis reactions, which may have far-reaching implications in atmospheric chemistry.
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3
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Wang H, Lu K, Chen S, Li X, Zeng L, Hu M, Zhang Y. Characterizing nitrate radical budget trends in Beijing during 2013-2019. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148869. [PMID: 34328950 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3) radical is an important oxidant in the atmosphere as it regulates the NOx budget and impacts secondary pollutant formation. Here, a long-term observational dataset of NO3-related species at an urban site in Beijing was used to investigate changes in the NO3 budget and their atmospheric impacts during 2013-2019, in this period the Clean Air Actions Plan was carried out in China. We found that (1) changes in NO3 precursors (NO2 and O3) led to a significant increase in NO3 formation in the surface layer in winter but a decrease in summer; (2) a reduction in NOx promoted thermal equilibrium, favoring the formation of NO3 rather than dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5). The simultaneous decrease in PM2.5, during these years, further weakened the N2O5 heterogeneous uptake; (3) a box model simulation revealed that both the reactions of NO3 with volatile organic compounds (VOC) and N2O5 uptake were weakened in summer, implying that the policy actions implemented help to moderate secondary aerosol formation caused by NO3 and N2O5 chemistry in summer; and (4) during winter, both NO3 + VOC and N2O5 uptake were enhanced. Specifically, for the N2O5 uptake, the rapid increase in NO3 production, or to some extent, NO3 oxidation capacity, far outweighed the negative shift effect, leading to a net enhancement of N2O5 uptake in winter, which indicates that the action policy implemented led to an adverse effect on particulate nitrate formation via N2O5 uptake in winter. This may explain the persistent winter particulate nitrate pollution in recent years. Our results highlight the systematic changes in the NO3 budget between 2013 and 2019 in Beijing, which subsequently affect secondary aerosol formation in different seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Shiyi Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Limin Zeng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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4
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Sarkar S, Bandyopadhyay B. Theoretical investigation of the relative impacts of water and ammonia on the tropospheric conversion of N 2O 5 to HNO 3. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:6651-6664. [PMID: 33710178 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05553k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of ammonia with N2O5, without and with the assistance of water, in the troposphere has been investigated by electronic structure and chemical kinetic calculations. The whole process has been compared against the hydrolysis reaction, uncatalyzed as well as water and ammonia catalyzed. A comparative study between hydrolysis and ammonolysis based on relative rates has been extensively carried out. The analysis reveals that ammonolysis has negligible practical atmospheric implication compared to hydrolysis. The former could have a significant contribution in tropospheric HNO3 formation only at 0 km altitude under two conditions: either on a local scale, where ammonia concentration could reach around a thousand times its global average value, or under very low humidity and at a lower temperature. Relative rate studies also suggest that the catalytic effect of both ammonia and water is negligibly small in determining the atmospheric fate of N2O5via gas phase hydrolysis and ammonolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, India.
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5
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Sarkar S, Bandyopadhyay B. Reaction between N2O5 and NH3 under Tropospheric Conditions: A Quantum Chemical and Chemical Kinetic Investigation. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:3564-3572. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Biman Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur 302017, India
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6
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Chen H, Wang M, Yao L, Chen J, Wang L. Uptake of Gaseous Alkylamides by Suspended Sulfuric Acid Particles: Formation of Ammonium/Aminium Salts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:11710-11717. [PMID: 28910093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Amides represent an important class of nitrogen-containing compounds in the atmosphere that can in theory interact with atmospheric acidic particles and contribute to secondary aerosol formation. In this study, uptake coefficients (γ) of six alkylamides (C1 to C3) by suspended sulfuric acid particles were measured using an aerosol flow tube coupled to a high resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (HRToF-CIMS). At 293 K and < 3% relative humidity (RH), the measured uptake coefficients for six alkylamides were in the range of (4.8-23) × 10-2. A negative dependence upon RH was observed for both N-methylformamide and N,N-dimethylformamide, likely due to decreased mass accommodation coefficients (α) at lower acidities. A negative temperature dependence was observed for N,N-dimethylformamide under < 3% RH, also consistent with the mass accommodation-controlled uptake processes. Chemical analysis of reacted sulfuric acid particles indicates that alkylamides hydrolyzed in the presence of water molecules to form ammonium or aminium. Our results suggest that multiphase uptake of amides will contribute to growth of atmospheric acidic particles and alter their chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangfei Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lei Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
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7
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Gaston CJ, Thornton JA. Reacto-Diffusive Length of N2O5 in Aqueous Sulfate- and Chloride-Containing Aerosol Particles. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:1039-45. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b11914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra J. Gaston
- Department of Atmospheric
Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Joel A. Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric
Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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8
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Miles REH, Davies JF, Reid JP. The influence of the surface composition of mixed monolayer films on the evaporation coefficient of water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:19847-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03826c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The influence of mixed component organic surface films on the evaporation rate of water from an aqueous droplet is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James F. Davies
- School of Chemistry
- University of Bristol
- Bristol
- UK
- Chemical Sciences Division
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9
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Fu X, Guo H, Wang X, Ding X, He Q, Liu T, Zhang Z. PM2.5 acidity at a background site in the Pearl River Delta region in fall-winter of 2007-2012. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 286:484-492. [PMID: 25603297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Based on field observations and thermodynamic model simulation, the annual trend of PM2.5 acidity and its characteristics on non-hazy and hazy days in fall-winter of 2007-2012 in the Pearl River Delta region were investigated. Total acidity ([H(+)](total)) and in-situ acidity ([H(+)](in-situ)) of PM2.5 significantly decreased (F-test, p < 0.05) at a rate of -32 ± 1.5 nmol m(-3)year(-1) and -9 ± 1.7 nmol m(-3) year(-1), respectively. The variation of acidity was mainly caused by the change of the PM2.5 component, i.e., the decreasing rates of [H(+)](total) and [H(+)](in-situ) due to the decrease of sulfate (SO4(2-)) exceeded the increasing rate caused by the growth of nitrate (NO3(-)). [H(+)](total), [H(+)](in-situ) and liquid water content on hazy days were 0.9-2.2, 1.2-3.5 and 2.0-3.0 times those on non-hazy days, respectively. On hazy days, the concentration of organic matter (OM) showed significant enhancement when [H(+)](in-situ) increased (t-test, p < 0.05), while this was not observed on non-hazy days. Moreover, when the acidity was low (i.e., R = [NH4(+)]/(2 × [SO4(2-)]+[NO3(-)])>0.6), NH4NO3 was most likely formed via homogenous reaction. When the acidity was high (R ≤ 0.6), the gas-phase formation of NH4NO3 was inhibited, and the proportion of NO3(-) produced via heterogeneous reaction of N2O5 became significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Fu
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China
| | - Hai Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China.
| | - Xinming Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Xiang Ding
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Quanfu He
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Tengyu Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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10
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Romero Lejonthun LSE, Andersson PU, Hallquist M, Thomson ES, Pettersson JBC. Interactions of N2O5 and Related Nitrogen Oxides with Ice Surfaces: Desorption Kinetics and Collision Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:13427-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5053826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liza S. E. Romero Lejonthun
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patrik U. Andersson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik S. Thomson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan B. C. Pettersson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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11
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Michalski G, Bhattacharya SK, Mase DF. Oxygen Isotope Dynamics of Atmospheric Nitrate and Its Precursor Molecules. ADVANCES IN ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-10637-8_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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12
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13
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Abbatt JPD, Lee AKY, Thornton JA. Quantifying trace gas uptake to tropospheric aerosol: recent advances and remaining challenges. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6555-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35052a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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14
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Leu MT. Laboratory studies of interaction between trace gases and sulphuric acid or sulphate aerosols using flow-tube reactors. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235031000087282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Taun Leu
- a Earth and Space Sciences Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , CA , 91109 , USA
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15
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Pradhan M, Kalberer M, Griffiths PT, Braban CF, Pope FD, Cox RA, Lambert RM. Uptake of gaseous hydrogen peroxide by submicrometer titanium dioxide aerosol as a function of relative humidity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:1360-1365. [PMID: 20108895 DOI: 10.1021/es902916f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) is an important atmospheric oxidant that can serve as a sensitive indicator for HO(x) (OH + HO(2)) chemistry. We report the first direct experimental determination of the uptake coefficient for the heterogeneous reaction of gas-phase hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) with titanium dioxide (TiO(2)), an important component of atmospheric mineral dust aerosol particles. The kinetics of H(2)O(2) uptake on TiO(2) surfaces were investigated using an entrained aerosol flow tube (AFT) coupled with a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS). Uptake coefficients (gamma(H(2)O(2))) were measured as a function of relative humidity (RH) and ranged from 1.53 x 10(-3) at 15% RH to 5.04 x 10(-4) at 70% RH. The observed negative correlation of RH with gamma(H(2)O(2)) suggests that gaseous water competes with gaseous H(2)O(2) for adsorption sites on the TiO(2) surface. These results imply that water vapor plays a major role in the heterogeneous loss of H(2)O(2) to submicrometer TiO(2) aerosol. The results are compared with related experimental observations and assessed in terms of their potential impact on atmospheric modeling studies of mineral dust and its effect on the heterogeneous chemistry in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manik Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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16
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Griffiths PT, Badger CL, Cox RA, Folkers M, Henk HH, Mentel TF. Reactive Uptake of N2O5 by Aerosols Containing Dicarboxylic Acids. Effect of Particle Phase, Composition, and Nitrate Content. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:5082-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8096814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul T. Griffiths
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom, and ICG-II, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Claire L. Badger
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom, and ICG-II, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - R. Anthony Cox
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom, and ICG-II, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Mareike Folkers
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom, and ICG-II, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Hartmut H. Henk
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom, and ICG-II, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Mentel
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom, and ICG-II, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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17
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Cosman LM, Bertram AK. Reactive Uptake of N2O5 on Aqueous H2SO4 Solutions Coated with 1-Component and 2-Component Monolayers. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:4625-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8005469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. M. Cosman
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - A. K. Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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18
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Cosman LM, Knopf DA, Bertram AK. N2O5Reactive Uptake on Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Solutions Coated with Branched and Straight-Chain Insoluble Organic Surfactants. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:2386-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jp710685r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. M. Cosman
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - D. A. Knopf
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - A. K. Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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19
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Ambrose JL, Mao H, Mayne HR, Stutz J, Talbot R, Sive BC. Nighttime nitrate radical chemistry at Appledore Island, Maine during the 2004 International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Knopf DA, Cosman LM, Mousavi P, Mokamati S, Bertram AK. A Novel Flow Reactor for Studying Reactions on Liquid Surfaces Coated by Organic Monolayers: Methods, Validation, and Initial Results. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:11021-32. [DOI: 10.1021/jp075724c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Knopf
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada, and School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences/Institute for Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres, Stony Brook University, New York 11794
| | - L. M. Cosman
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada, and School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences/Institute for Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres, Stony Brook University, New York 11794
| | - P. Mousavi
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada, and School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences/Institute for Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres, Stony Brook University, New York 11794
| | - S. Mokamati
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada, and School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences/Institute for Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres, Stony Brook University, New York 11794
| | - A. K. Bertram
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada, and School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences/Institute for Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres, Stony Brook University, New York 11794
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21
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Park SC, Burden DK, Nathanson GM. The Inhibition of N2O5 Hydrolysis in Sulfuric Acid by 1-Butanol and 1-Hexanol Surfactant Coatings. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:2921-9. [PMID: 17388402 DOI: 10.1021/jp068228h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Gas-liquid scattering experiments are used to measure the fraction of N2O5 molecules that are converted to HNO3 after colliding with 72 wt % H2SO4 containing 1-hexanol or 1-butanol at 216 K. These alcohols segregate to the surface of the acid, with saturation coverages estimated to be 60% of a close-packed monolayer for 1-hexanol and 44% of a close-packed monolayer for 1-butanol. We find that the alkyl films reduce the conversion of N2O5 to HNO3 from 0.15 on bare acid to 0.06 on the hexyl-coated acid and to 0.10 on the butyl-coated acid. The entry of HCl and HBr, however, is enhanced by the hexanol and butanol films. The hydrolysis of N2O5 may be inhibited because the alkyl chains restrict the transport of this large molecule and because the alcohol OH groups dilute the surface region, suppressing reaction between N2O5 and near-interfacial H3O+ or H2O. In contrast, the interfacial alcohol OH groups provide additional binding sites for HCl and HBr and help initiate ionization. These and previous scattering experiments indicate that short-chain alcohol surfactants impede or enhance sulfuric acid-mediated reactions in ways that depend on the chain length, liquid phase acidity, and nature of the gas molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Chan Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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22
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Mitchem L, Buajarern J, Hopkins RJ, Ward AD, Gilham RJJ, Johnston RL, Reid JP. Spectroscopy of Growing and Evaporating Water Droplets: Exploring the Variation in Equilibrium Droplet Size with Relative Humidity. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:8116-25. [PMID: 16805498 DOI: 10.1021/jp061135f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the thermodynamic properties of a single liquid aerosol droplet can be explored through the combination of a single-beam gradient force optical trap with Raman spectroscopy. A single aqueous droplet, 2-6 microm in radius, can be trapped in air indefinitely and the response of the particle to variations in relative humidity investigated. The Raman spectrum provides a unique fingerprint of droplet composition, temperature, and size. Spontaneous Raman scattering is shown to be consistent with that from a bulk phase sample, with the shape of the OH stretching band dependent on the concentration of sodium chloride in the aqueous phase and on the polarization of the scattered light. Stimulated Raman scattering at wavelengths commensurate with whispering gallery modes is demonstrated to provide a method for determining the size of the trapped droplet with nanometer precision and with a time resolution of 1 s. The polarization dependence of the stimulated scatter is consistent with the dependence observed for the spontaneous scatter from the droplet. By characterizing the spontaneous and stimulated Raman scattering from the droplet, we demonstrate that it is possible to measure the equilibrium size and composition of an aqueous droplet with variation in relative humidity. For this benchmark study we investigate the variation in equilibrium size with relative humidity for a simple binary sodium chloride/aqueous aerosol, a typical representative inorganic/aqueous aerosol that has been studied extensively in the literature. The measured equilibrium sizes are shown to be in excellent agreement with the predictions of Köhler theory. We suggest that this approach could provide an important new strategy for characterizing the thermodynamic properties and kinetics of transformation of aerosol particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mitchem
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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23
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Donaldson DJ, Vaida V. The Influence of Organic Films at the Air−Aqueous Boundary on Atmospheric Processes. Chem Rev 2006; 106:1445-61. [PMID: 16608186 DOI: 10.1021/cr040367c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D J Donaldson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
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24
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Badger CL, Griffiths PT, George I, Abbatt JPD, Cox RA. Reactive Uptake of N2O5 by Aerosol Particles Containing Mixtures of Humic Acid and Ammonium Sulfate. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:6986-94. [PMID: 16722713 DOI: 10.1021/jp0562678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of reactive uptake of N2O5 on submicron aerosol particles containing humic acid and ammonium sulfate has been investigated as a function of relative humidity (RH) and aerosol composition using a laminar flow reactor coupled with a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) to characterize the aerosol. For single-component humic acid aerosol the uptake coefficient, gamma, was found to increase from 2 to 9 x 10(-4) over the range 25-75% RH. These values are 1-2 orders of magnitude below those typically observed for single-component sulfate aerosols (Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2003, 5, 3453-3463;(1) Atmos. Environ. 2000, 34, 2131-2159(2)). For the mixed aerosols, gamma was found to decrease with increasing humic acid mass fraction and increase with increasing RH. For aerosols containing only 6% humic acid by dry mass, a decrease in reactivity of more than a factor of 2 was observed compared with the case for single-component ammonium sulfate. The concentration of liquid water in the aerosol droplets was calculated using the aerosol inorganic model (for the ammonium sulfate component) and a new combined FTIR-DMA system (for the humic acid component). Analysis of the uptake coefficients using the water concentration data shows that the change in reactivity cannot be explained by the change in water content alone. We suggest that, due to its surfactant properties, the main effect of the humic acid is to reduce the mass accommodation coefficient for N2O5 at the aerosol particle surface. This has implications for the use of particle hygroscopicity data for predictions of the rate of N2O5 hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Badger
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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25
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Hauglustaine DA, Hourdin F, Jourdain L, Filiberti MA, Walters S, Lamarque JF, Holland EA. Interactive chemistry in the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique general circulation model: Description and background tropospheric chemistry evaluation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Hauglustaine
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement; Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - F. Hourdin
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Université de Paris 6; Paris France
| | - L. Jourdain
- Service d'Aéronomie, Université de Paris 6; Paris France
| | - M.-A. Filiberti
- Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Université de Paris 6; Paris France
| | - S. Walters
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J.-F. Lamarque
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - E. A. Holland
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
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26
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Stutz J. Vertical profiles of NO3, N2O5, O3, and NOxin the nocturnal boundary layer: 1. Observations during the Texas Air Quality Study 2000. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Riemer N. Impact of the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5on chemistry and nitrate aerosol formation in the lower troposphere under photosmog conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Jaeglé L. Sources and budgets for CO and O3in the northeastern Pacific during the spring of 2001: Results from the PHOBEA-II Experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Klonecki A. Seasonal changes in the transport of pollutants into the Arctic troposphere-model study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Emmons LK. Budget of tropospheric ozone during TOPSE from two chemical transport models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Chu LT, Diao G, Chu L. Kinetics of HOBr Uptake on NaBr and NaCl Surfaces at Varying Relative Humidity. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp013594g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang T. Chu
- Wadsworth Center, NYS Department of Health and State University of New York, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509
| | - Guowang Diao
- Wadsworth Center, NYS Department of Health and State University of New York, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509
| | - Liang Chu
- Wadsworth Center, NYS Department of Health and State University of New York, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509
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32
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Fiacco DL, Hunt SW, Leopold KR. Microwave investigation of sulfuric acid monohydrate. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:4504-11. [PMID: 11960481 DOI: 10.1021/ja012724w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The complex H2SO4-H2O has been observed by rotational spectroscopy in a supersonic jet. A-type spectra for 18 isotopic forms have been analyzed, and the vibrationally averaged structure of the system has been determined. The complex forms a distorted, six-membered ring with the water unit acting as both a hydrogen bond donor and a hydrogen bond acceptor toward the sulfuric acid. One of the H2SO4 protons forms a short, direct hydrogen bond to the water oxygen, with an H...O distance of 1.645(5) A and an O-H...O angle of 165.2(4) degrees. Additionally, the orientation of the water suggests a weaker, secondary hydrogen bond between one of the H2O hydrogens and a nearby S=O oxygen on the sulfuric acid, with an O...H distance of 2.05(1) A and an O-H...O angle of 130.3(5) degrees. The experimentally determined structure is in excellent agreement with previously published DFT studies. Experiments with HOD in the jet reveal the formation of only isotopomers involving deuterium in the secondary hydrogen bond, providing direct experimental evidence for the secondary H...O interaction. Extensive isotopic substitution has also permitted a re-determination of the structure of the H2SO4 unit within the complex. The hydrogen-bonding OH bond of the sulfuric acid elongates by 0.07(2) A relative to that in free H2SO4, and the S=O bond involved in the secondary interaction stretches by 0.04(1) A. These changes reflect substantial distortion of the H2SO4 moiety in response to only a single water molecule, and prior to the proton transfer event. Spectral data indicate that the complex undergoes at least one, and probably more than one type of internal motion. Although the sulfuric acid in this work was produced from direct reaction of SO3 and water in the jet, experiments with H2(18)O indicate that about 2-3% of the acid is formed via processes not normally associated with the gas-phase hydration of SO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise L Fiacco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St., SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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33
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Kane SM, Caloz F, Leu MT. Heterogeneous Uptake of Gaseous N2O5 by (NH4)2SO4, NH4HSO4, and H2SO4 Aerosols. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp010490x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Kane
- Earth and Space Sciences Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109
| | - Francois Caloz
- Earth and Space Sciences Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109
| | - Ming-Taun Leu
- Earth and Space Sciences Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109
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