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Sun LN, Shen YW, Ying YW, Li D, Li TF, Zhang XH, Zhao P, Ding L, Wang YQ. Stereoselective pharmacokinetics of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(−)-rabeprazole in human using chiral LC-MS/MS after administration of rabeprazole sodium enteric-coated tablet. Chirality 2018; 30:1277-1286. [PMID: 30321480 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ning Sun
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology; First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Yi-Wen Shen
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology; First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Yu-Wen Ying
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology; First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Duo Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Teng-Fei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Xue-Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy; Jiangsu Shengze Hospital; Suzhou China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy; Jiangsu Shengze Hospital; Suzhou China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Yong-Qing Wang
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology; First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
- Department of Pharmacy; Jiangsu Shengze Hospital; Suzhou China
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2
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Kim M, Yu SK, Truong QK, Mai XL, Chung HK, Kang JS, Kim KH. Determination of rabeprazole enantiomers in commercial tablets using immobilized cellulose-based stationary phase. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:373-381. [PMID: 28229392 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0896-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Rabeprazole is one of the latest proton-pump inhibitors used for treatment of several gastrointestinal disorders. For therapeutic applications, rabeprazole has been administered as a mixture of R-(+) and S-(-) enantiomers. Owing to pharmacological and toxicological differences between stereoisomers, chiral recognition has now become an integral part of drug research and development. A simple and rapid liquid chromatographic method for enantioselective separation and determination of R-(+) and S-(-) enantiomers of rabeprazole in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations was developed. Chiralpak IC (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column and μmobile phase containing hexane:ethanol:ethylenediamine (30:70:0.05 v/v) in an isocratic mode yielded baseline separation with resolution greater than 6.0 at 35 °C. Effects of additives and n-hexane were evaluated. Optimized condition was validated as per ICH guidelines. The method has good linearity, high sensitivity with LOD was 0.01 μg/mL and LOQ was 0.03 μg/mL for both enantiomers. Intra-day precision varied between 0.44 and 1.79% for S-(-) enantiomer, 0.65 and 1.97% for R-(+) enantiomer. Relative standard deviations of inter-day precision were less than 1.81% for both enantiomers. The percentage recovery for both enantiomers of rabeprazole ranged between 99.81 and 101.95%, 98.82 and 101.36% in material and tablets, respectively. The method was successfully applied to determine content of each enantiomer in commercial tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miri Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea
| | - Su Kyung Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea
| | - Quoc-Ky Truong
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea
| | - Xuan-Lan Mai
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyu Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 38430, Korea
| | - Kyeong Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea.
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3
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Tan Y, Si X, Zhong L, Feng X, Yang X, Huang M, Wu C. Development and validation of dissolution testings in acidic media for rabeprazole sodium delayed-release capsules. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2016; 42:1669-77. [PMID: 27066697 PMCID: PMC4975097 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2016.1161644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Rabeprazole sodium (RAB) dissolved in acidic media is accompanied by its degradation in the course of dissolution testing. To develop and establish the accumulative release profiles of ACIPHEX® Sprinkle (RAB) delayed-release capsules (ACIPHEX® Sprinkle) in acidic media using USP apparatus 2 (paddle apparatus) as a dissolution tester, the issues of determination of accumulative release amount of RAB in these acidic media and interference of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate were solved by adding appropriate hydrochloric acid (HCl) into dissolution samples coupled with centrifugation so as to remove the interference and form a solution of degradation products of RAB, which is of a considerably stable ultraviolet (UV) absorbance at the wavelength of 298 nm within 2.0 h. Therefore, the accumulative release amount of RAB in dissolution samples at each sample time points could be determined by UV-spectrophotometry, and the accumulative release profiles of ACIPHEX® Sprinkle in the media of pH 1.0, pH 6.0, and pH 6.8 could be established. The method was validated per as the ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines and demonstrated to be adequate for quality control of ACIPHEX® Sprinkle and the accumulative release profiles can be used as a tool to guide the formulation development and quality control of a generic drug for ACIPHEX® Sprinkle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhe Tan
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China ;,b Research and Development Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China ;,c Guangdong Bidi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. , Kaiping , China
| | - Xiaoqing Si
- c Guangdong Bidi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. , Kaiping , China
| | - Lulu Zhong
- c Guangdong Bidi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. , Kaiping , China
| | - Xin Feng
- d Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery , School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi , Oxford , MS , USA
| | - Xinmin Yang
- c Guangdong Bidi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. , Kaiping , China
| | - Min Huang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China ;,b Research and Development Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
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Lu C, Jia Y, Song Y, Li X, Sun Y, Zhao J, Wang S, Shi L, Wen A, Ding L. Application of a liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric method to a urinary excretion study of rabeprazole and two of its metabolites in healthy human urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 988:75-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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5
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Simpemba E, Liu R, Sun C, Agbokponto JE, Ding L. Simultaneous determination of rabeprazole and its two active metabolites in human urine by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and its application in a urinary excretion study. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:1951-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Simpemba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Ruijuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Chenglong Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | | | - Li Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
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6
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Gao YH, Xu JX, Su ZX, Song L, Lou HX. The chiral bioconversion and preclinical pharmacokinetic analysis of (R)-(+)-rabeprazole in beagle dogs by HPLC and HPLC-MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1380-6. [PMID: 23703236 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-hui Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Shandong University; No. 44 West Wenhua Road; Jinan; 250012; China
| | - Jia-xing Xu
- Laboratory Animal Center of Shandong University; No. 44 West Wenhua Road; Jinan; 250012; China
| | - Zhong-xue Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery; Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University; No. 324 Jingwu Road; Jinan; 250021; China
| | - Li Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Shandong University; No. 44 West Wenhua Road; Jinan; 250012; China
| | - Hong-xiang Lou
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education; Shandong University; No. 44 West Wenhua Road; Jinan; 250012; China
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Abstract
The development of effective acid-suppression therapy (particularly PPIs) has revolutionized the treatment of acid-related diseases. Despite the overall effectiveness of these agents, they have some shortcomings, including a delayed onset of action, incomplete acid suppression in the majority of patients, and the need for ingestion before a meal to achieve maximal efficacy. Attempts to overcome these issues have included the development of isomeric PPIs (such as esomeprazole), alterations in drug delivery (such as delayed-release dexlansoprazole), and combined therapy with nonenterically coated PPIs and antacids (such as 'naked' omeprazole combined with sodium biocarbonate). Other acid-suppression agents in development or in late-phase trials include potassium-competitive acid blockers, new histamine receptor 2 antagonists, and gastrin antagonists. Although these agents could potentially achieve complete gastric acid suppression, risks may be associated with this level of suppression, including enteric infections and malabsorption of nutrients such as vitamin B(12), iron and calcium. This Review provides an update on the status of acid-suppression therapy and discusses directions for future research.
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8
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Reddy GM, Mukkanti K, Bhaskar BV, Reddy PP. Synthesis of Metabolites and Related Substances of Rabeprazole, an Anti-Ulcerative Drug. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910802372541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Simple quantification of lansoprazole and rabeprazole concentrations in human serum by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 870:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2007] [Revised: 05/16/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Garcia CV, Nudelman NS, Steppe M, Schapoval EE. Structural elucidation of rabeprazole sodium photodegradation products. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 46:88-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2007] [Revised: 09/04/2007] [Accepted: 09/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Patel BH, Suhagia BN, Patel MM, Patel JR. Determination of Pantoprazole, Rabeprazole, Esomeprazole, Domperidone and Itopride in Pharmaceutical Products by Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography Using Single Mobile Phase. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0220-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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12
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Asakawa Y, Ozawa C, Osada K, Kaneko S, Asakawa N. Reduction of carry-over in column-switching HPLC/MS system with automated system washing procedure for highly sensitive direct analysis of donepezil in dog plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 43:683-90. [PMID: 16971081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2006] [Revised: 08/02/2006] [Accepted: 08/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To solve the problem of carry-over--a persistent chromatographic challenge for bioanalytical assays with highly sensitive detector such as a mass spectrometry (MS)--a new on-line sample pretreatment HPLC/MS system using a column-switching technique was established. This system was designed to reduce carry-over based on a hydrophobic interaction mechanism using a washing function (multi-mobile phase flow system), as well as to remove impurities on-line in a mobile phase for the pretreatment. As a result, a washing function in this system was enabled to reduce carry-over and to remove impurities in a mobile phase by automatic operation. Therefore, concentration levels of donepezil (DH) in dog plasma as low as 10 pg/mL could be determined using this on-line sample pretreatment HPLC/MS system. In addition, method validation results of specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ), and carry-over demonstrated that this on-line sample pretreatment HPLC/MS system was robust and valid as a practical assay of drugs and metabolites in the biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Asakawa
- Sunplanet Co., Ltd., 2 Kawashimatakehaya, Kakamigahara, Gifu 501-6024, Japan.
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Nageswara Rao R, Narasa raju A, Nagaraju D. Enantiospecific resolution of rabeprazole by liquid chromatography on amylose-derived chiral stationary phase using photo diode array and polarimetric detectors in series. Talanta 2006; 70:805-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2006.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2005] [Revised: 01/28/2006] [Accepted: 01/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Mano N, Oda Y, Ishihama Y, Katayama H, Asakawa N. Investigation of Interactions Between Drug Enantiomers and Flavoprotein as a Chiral Selector by Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079808005880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Mano
- a Analytical Chemistry Section Tsukuba Research Laboratories , Eisai Co., Ltd , Tokodai 5-1-3, Tsukuba Ibaraki, 300-26, Japan
| | - Y. Oda
- a Analytical Chemistry Section Tsukuba Research Laboratories , Eisai Co., Ltd , Tokodai 5-1-3, Tsukuba Ibaraki, 300-26, Japan
| | - Y. Ishihama
- a Analytical Chemistry Section Tsukuba Research Laboratories , Eisai Co., Ltd , Tokodai 5-1-3, Tsukuba Ibaraki, 300-26, Japan
| | - H. Katayama
- a Analytical Chemistry Section Tsukuba Research Laboratories , Eisai Co., Ltd , Tokodai 5-1-3, Tsukuba Ibaraki, 300-26, Japan
| | - N. Asakawa
- a Analytical Chemistry Section Tsukuba Research Laboratories , Eisai Co., Ltd , Tokodai 5-1-3, Tsukuba Ibaraki, 300-26, Japan
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Abstract
Lansoprazole is extensively metabolized by CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 in the liver, whereas rabeprazole is primarily converted non-enzymatically to rabeprazole-thioether, with only some being oxidized by CYP2C19 and CYP3A4. Lansoprazole and rabeprazole possess asymmetric sulfur in their chemical structure and have typically been used clinically as a racemic mixture. This article reviews the pharmacokinetic differences between enantiomers of lansoprazole and rabeprazole in relation to the CYP2C19 genotypes. In our studies in healthy Japanese subjects, the magnitude of contribution of each lansoprazole enantiomer for CYP2C19 was greater than that for CYP3A4. CYP2C19 influenced the disposition of (S)-lansoprazole to a greater extent than the (R)-enantiomer. The R/S ratios for the AUC of lansoprazole in CYP2C19 homEMs, hetEMs and PMs was 12.7, 8.5 and 5.8, respectively. On the other hand, (R)-rabeprazole disposition was influenced to a greater degree by CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms than (S)-rabeprazole. However, the R/S ratios for the AUC of rabeprazole in CYP2C19 homEMs, hetEMs and PMs was only 1.8, 2.2 and 2.4, respectively, suggesting a lesser effect of CYP2C19 polymorphisms on the stereoselective disposition of rabeprazole compared to lansoprazole. Such a difference in the AUC between rabeprazole enantiomers is likely to be dependent on stereoselectivity in the CYP3A4-mediated metabolic conversion from rabeprazole-thioether to rabeprazole. Both enantiomers of these PPIs have been reported to possess equal potency. Therefore, particularly with lansoprazole, the use of (R)-lansoprazole alone would be highly desirable for use in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatomo Miura
- Department of Pharmacy, Akita University Hospital, 1-1-1 Hondo, Alita 010-8543, Japan.
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Garcia CV, Paim CS, Steppe M, Schapoval EES. Development and validation of a dissolution test for rabeprazole sodium in coated tablets. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 41:833-7. [PMID: 16513316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2005] [Revised: 01/23/2006] [Accepted: 01/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to develop and validate a dissolution test for rabeprazole sodium coated tablets using a reverse-phase liquid chromatographic method. After test sink conditions, dissolution medium and stability of the drug, the best conditions were: paddle at 75 rotations per minute (rpm) stirring speed, HCl 0.1 M and borate buffer pH 9.0 as dissolution medium for acidic and basic steps, respectively, volume of 900 ml for both. The quantitation method was also adapted and validated. Less than 10% of the label amount was released in the acid step, while more than 95% was achieved over 30 min in the basic one. The dissolution profile for tablets was considered satisfactory. The dissolution test developed was adequate for its purpose and could be applied for quality control of rabeprazole tablets, since there is no official monograph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassia V Garcia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul., Av. Ipiranga, 2752 Lab. 402, Porto Alegre/RS, CEP 90610-000, Brazil.
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Miura M, Tada H, Satoh S, Habuchi T, Suzuki T. Determination of rabeprazole enantiomers and their metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography with solid-phase extraction. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 41:565-70. [PMID: 16442771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2005] [Revised: 12/06/2005] [Accepted: 12/10/2005] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe the development of a rapid, simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous quantitative determination of rabeprazole enantiomers (1a,b) and their metabolites, rabeprazole-thioether (2) and rabeprazole sulfone (3), in human plasma. Analytes and the internal standard (omeprazole-thioether) were separated using a mobile phase of 0.5 M NaClO4-acetonitrile (6:4, v/v) over a Chiral CD-Ph column. Analysis required only 100 microl of plasma and involved solid-phase extraction with an Oasis HLB cartridge, which gave high recovery (>91.8%) with good selectivity for all analytes. The lower limit of quantification was 5 ng/ml for analytes 1a, 1b and 3 and 10 ng/ml for 2. Linearity of this assay was determined to lie between 5 and 1000 ng/ml for 1a, 1b and 3 and 10 and 1000 ng/ml for 2 (r2>0.982 of the regression line). Inter- and intra-day coefficients of variation were less than 7.8% and accuracies were within 8.4% over the linear range for all analytes. Our results indicate that this method is applicable to the simultaneous monitoring of plasma levels of rabeprazole enantiomers and associated metabolites in human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatomo Miura
- Department of Pharmacy, Akita University Hospital, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan
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18
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Garcia CV, Sippel J, Steppe M, Schapoval EES. Development and Validation of Derivative Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Rabeprazole Sodium in Pharmaceutical Formulation. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710500477076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Feng S, Guangji W, Jianguo S, Haitang X, Hao L, Tian L, Xiaoyan Z, Jingwei Z. Liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric assay of rabprazole in dog plasma for a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2006; 20:1136-41. [PMID: 16795131 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of rabeprazole (RA) sterile powder for injection, a rapid, sensitive and specific assay for quantitative determination of RA in dog plasma was developed and validated. After a liquid-liquid extraction procedure, samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) using omepazole as the internal standard (IS). The analyte and IS was chromatographed on a ZORBAX Extend-C(18) analytical column (50 x 2 mm i.d, 5 microm, Agilent Technologies, USA). The assay was linear in the range 1-2000 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantification of RA was 1 ng/mL. The recovery of RA was greater than 70%. The within- and between-batch accuracy was 102.7-107.4% and 103.5-105.7%, respectively. The plasma samples for the PK study were collected at defined time points during and after an intravenous injection (1 mg/kg) to beagle dogs and analyzed by LC-ESI-MS method. The PK parameters, such as half-life, volume of distribution, total clearance and elimination rate constant, were determined. The PK profile of RA gave insights into the application in the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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20
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Xie Z, Zhang Y, Xu H, Zhong D. Pharmacokinetic Differences between Pantoprazole Enantiomers in Rats. Pharm Res 2005; 22:1678-84. [PMID: 16180125 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-005-6807-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2005] [Accepted: 06/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to quantitatively clarify the contribution of the absorption, protein binding, and metabolism of cytochrome P450 enzymes to the enantioselective pharmacokinetics of pantoprazole enantiomers in rats. METHODS The enantioselective pharmacokinetics of pantoprazole enantiomers was estimated by an oral administration of racemic pantoprazole to rats. The pharmacokinetic differences between pantoprazole enantiomers were evaluated by the experiments of the in situ perfusion into rat small intestine, the protein binding, and the in vitro metabolism in rat liver microsomes of pantoprazole enantiomers. RESULTS The mean area under the curve value of S-pantoprazole was 1.5 times greater than that of R-pantoprazole after administration of racemic pantoprazole to rats (20 mg/kg, p.o.). There were significant differences in k(e) (p < 0.05), t1/2 (p < 0.01), and mean residence time (p < 0.01) values between the two enantiomers. In the in situ absorption study, the absorption rate constants were of no significant differences between the two enantiomers. The mean unbound fraction of R-pantoprazole was slightly greater than that of S-pantoprazole. The intrinsic clearance (CLint) of the formation of the 5'-O-demethyl metabolite from S-pantoprazole was 4-fold lower than that from R-pantoprazole. However, the CLint value for the sulfone and 6-hydroxy metabolites from S-pantoprazole was higher than that from R-pantoprazole. The sum of the CLint of the formation of all three metabolites was 3.06 and 4.82 mL/min/mg protein for S- and R-pantoprazole, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the enantioselective pharmacokinetics of pantoprazole enantiomers in rats is probably ascribable to their enantioselective metabolism, which is contributed by all the three metabolic pathways, including sulfoxide oxidation, 4'-O-demethylation, and 6-hydroxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Xie
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China,
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Ramakrishna NVS, Vishwottam KN, Wishu S, Koteshwara M, Kumar SS. High-performance liquid chromatography method for the quantification of rabeprazole in human plasma using solid-phase extraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2005; 816:209-14. [PMID: 15664352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2004] [Accepted: 11/16/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and selective HPLC method with UV detection (284 nm) was developed and validated for quantitation of rabeprazole in human plasma, the newest addition to the group of proton-pump inhibitors. Following solid-phase extraction using Waters Oasistrade mark SPE cartridges, the analyte and internal standard (Pantoprazole) were separated using an isocratic mobile phase of 5 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH adjusted to 7.4 with sodium hydroxide solution)/acetonitrile/methanol (45/20/35, v/v) on reverse phase Waters symmetry C(18) column. The lower limit of quantitation was 20 ng/mL, with a relative standard deviation of less than 8%. A linear range of 20-1000 ng/mL was established. This HPLC method was validated with between- and within-batch precision of 2.4-7.2% and 2.2-7.3%, respectively. The between- and within-batch bias was -1.7 to 2.6% and -2.6 to 2.1%, respectively. Frequently coadministered drugs did not interfere with the described methodology. Stability of rabeprazole in plasma was excellent, with no evidence of degradation during sample processing (autosampler) and 3 months storage in a freezer. This validated method is sensitive, simple and repeatable enough to be used in pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V S Ramakrishna
- Biopharmaceutical Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd., Serene Chambers, Road #7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, India.
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Huang J, Xu Y, Gao S, Rui L, Guo Q. Development of a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry assay for the quantification of rabeprazole in human plasma. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2005; 19:2321-4. [PMID: 16021618 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method, employing electrospray ionization, has been developed and validated to quantify rabeprazole in human plasma using omeprazole as the internal standard. The method was validated to demonstrate the specificity, lower limit of quantification, accuracy, and precision of measurements. Selected reaction monitoring was specific for rabeprazole and omeprazole (the internal standard, IS); no endogenous materials interfered with the analysis of rabeprazole and IS from blank plasma. The assay was linear over the concentration range 0.2-200 ng/mL using a 2 microL aliquot of plasma. The correlation coefficients for the calibration curves ranged from 0.9988-0.9994. The intra- and inter-day precision, calculated from quality control samples, were less than 6.65%. A mixture of methanol and water (50:50) was used as the isocratic mobile phase, with 0.1% of formic acid in water, that did not affect the stability of rabeprazole or IS. A simple sample preparation method of protein precipitation with methanol was chosen. The method was employed in a pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of 20 mg rabeprazole to 24 healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Quantification of rabeprazole in human plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
(+/-)-Pantoprazole ((+/-)-PAN), (+/-)-5-(difluoromethoxy)-2-[[3.4-dimethoxy-2-pyridinyl)methyl]sul finyl]- 1H-benzimidazole) is a chiral sulfoxide that is used clinically as a racemic mixture. The disposition kinetics of (+)-PAN and (-)-PAN given separately has been studied in rats. Serum levels of (+)- and (-)-PAN and its metabolites, pantoprazole sulfone (PAN-SO2), pantoprazole sulfide (PAN-S), 4'-O-demethyl pantoprazole sulfone (DMPAN-SO2), and 4'-O-demethyl pantoprazole sulfide (DMPAN-S) were measured by HPLC. Following single intravenous or oral administration, both enantiomers were rapidly absorbed and metabolized, resulting in similar serum concentrations, suggesting that the two enantiomers have approximately the same disposition kinetics. The major metabolite of both (+)- and (-)-PAN was PAN-SO2, while DMPAN-SO2 was also detected as a minor metabolite. Serum levels of PAN-S and DMPAN-S could not be quantified after intravenous or oral administration of either enantiomer. Significant chiral inversion occurred after intravenous and oral administration of (+)-PAN. The AUCs of (-)-PAN after intravenous and oral dosing of (+)-PAN were 36.3 and 28.1%, respectively of those of total [(+) + (-)] PAN. In contrast, the serum levels of (+)-PAN were below quantitation limits after intravenous or oral administration of (-)-PAN. Therefore, chiral inversion was observed only after administration of (+)-PAN, supporting the hypothesis that stereoselective inversion from (+)-PAN to (-)-PAN occurs in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Masubuchi
- Drug Metabolism and Analytical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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