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de Barros IR, Benincá C, Zanoelo EF. Kinetics of the precipitation reaction between aluminium and contaminant orthophosphate ions. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37554012 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2246643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The removal of phosphorous from wastewater in metal-orthophosphate systems typically occurs by simultaneous adsorption on poorly soluble metal hydroxides and by precipitation reactions between metal ions and orthophosphates in solution. To understand the individual contribution of these mechanisms to the removal of phosphorus, the main aim of this study was to determine the kinetics of consumption of contaminant orthophosphates by the precipitation reaction with aluminium ions in a solution free of insoluble aluminium hydroxide. To define the amount of aluminium and phosphorous compounds to be dissolved in water to have this desired reacting condition at a given pH, the solubilities of KH2PO4(s), Al(OH)3(s) and AlPO4(s) were examined at 25 °C in the pH range ∼2.6 to 7.9. pH-solubility diagrams for these ionic solids were made by solving a system of nonlinear algebraic equations involving dissolution, dissociation and hydrolysis reactions at equilibrium. The kinetics of the reaction between aluminium and orthophosphate ions at a reacting condition free of solids except for the product AlPO4(s) was investigated in a well-stirred batch reactor at pH ∼3.1 and 3.5 at 25 °C. A detailed kinetic model involving ten species, seven reversible reactions of hydrolysis of soluble aluminium and orthophosphate species and one reversible precipitation reaction between aluminium and phosphate ions revealed a rate constant for the latter reaction of 5.968 × 1010 L mol-1 s-1 (p = 0.191). XRD, TGA/DTGA and EDX analyses of the filtered and dried reacting mixture confirmed that the only solid product of the precipitation reaction was hydrated AlPO4(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ricardo de Barros
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Cristina Benincá
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Santo Antônio da Patrulha, Brazil
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Van Truong T, Kim DJ. Synthesis of high quality boehmite and γ-alumina for phosphorus removal from water works sludge by extraction and hydrothermal treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113448. [PMID: 35580664 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alum sludge from water treatment was calcined and extracted to synthesize high quality boehmite and γ-alumina for phosphate removal. Synthesized boehmite and γ-alumina were able to remove phosphate quickly and effectively. Boehmite (hydrothermal treatment at 60 °C) showed maximum phosphate removal (adsorption) of 61 mg P/g followed by γ-alumina (50 mg P/g) and the boehmite hydrothermally treated at 120 °C (41 mg P/g). The degree of crystallinity gave more effect on phosphate adsorption of boehmite than that of γ-alumina. The lower the pH, the more phosphate adsorbed on the boehmite and γ-alumina (adsorb phosphate more than 4 times at pH 3 than at pH 11). Spectroscopic analysis (SEM-EDS and FTIR) indicates that phosphate are removed by ligand exchange, electrostatic attraction, and surface precipitation on the synthesized boehmite and γ-alumina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Van Truong
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology & Institute of Energy and Environment, Hallym University, 1 Okcheon, Chuncheon, 24251, South Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Kim
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology & Institute of Energy and Environment, Hallym University, 1 Okcheon, Chuncheon, 24251, South Korea.
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Hassoune H, Lachehab A. Sterile phosphate as a novel calcic adsorbent for phosphorus removal from wastewater. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 81:199-209. [PMID: 32333653 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sterile phosphate (SP) was investigated for phosphorus removal from wastewater using batch adsorption experiments. The novel adsorbent is a mining by-product obtained from the phosphate mining plants having a strong affinity with phosphorus ions present in wastewater. The results of the batch adsorption experiments indicated that 30 min of contact time between the adsorbent and wastewater was sufficient for attaining equilibrium. The phosphorus removal from wastewater increased with increasing initial phosphorus concentration, adsorbent dose and temperature, while it decreased with increasing initial pH values. The maximum phosphorus removal efficiency was noted to be 94.4%. It was achieved in slightly acidic conditions (pH = 4), with an adsorbent dose and initial phosphorus concentration of 3 g L-1 and 20 mg L-1, respectively, and at room temperature. Kinetic analysis showed that phosphorus adsorption onto sterile phosphate was best fitted with the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The adsorption equilibrium data fitted well to the Langmuir model equation, indicating monolayer coverage of the adsorbent. The adsorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir model equation was found to be 7.962 mg g-1. Comparing with some industrial products and natural mineral adsorbents, sterile phosphate was found to be the most efficient adsorbent for phosphorus removal from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Hassoune
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, Morocco E-mail: ;
| | - Adil Lachehab
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, Morocco E-mail: ;
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Elimination of bromate from water using aluminum beverage cans via catalytic reduction and adsorption. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 532:416-425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.07.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Shardlow E, Mold M, Exley C. Unraveling the enigma: elucidating the relationship between the physicochemical properties of aluminium-based adjuvants and their immunological mechanisms of action. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 14:80. [PMID: 30455719 PMCID: PMC6223008 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-018-0305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium salts are by far the most commonly used adjuvants in vaccines. There are only two aluminium salts which are used in clinically-approved vaccines, Alhydrogel® and AdjuPhos®, while the novel aluminium adjuvant used in Gardasil® is a sulphated version of the latter. We have investigated the physicochemical properties of these two aluminium adjuvants and specifically in milieus approximating to both vaccine vehicles and the composition of injection sites. Additionally we have used a monocytic cell line to establish the relationship between their physicochemical properties and their internalisation and cytotoxicity. We emphasise that aluminium adjuvants used in clinically approved vaccines are chemically and biologically dissimilar with concomitantly potentially distinct roles in vaccine-related adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Shardlow
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Matthew Mold
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Christopher Exley
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
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Elsheikh MA, Muchaonyerwa P, Johan E, Matsue N, Henmi T. Mutual Adsorption of Lead and Phosphorus onto Selected Soil Clay Minerals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/aces.2018.82005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Roebuck K, Tremblay A. The self-assembly of twinned boehmite nanosheets into porous 3D structures in ethanol–water mixtures. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ji X, Zhang M, Wang Y, Song Y, Ke Y, Wang Y. Immobilization of ammonium and phosphate in aqueous solution by zeolites synthesized from fly ashes with different compositions. J IND ENG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Seo YI, Hong KH, Kim SH, Chang D, Lee KH, Kim YD. Phosphorus removal from wastewater by ionic exchange using a surface-modified Al alloy filter. J IND ENG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Yang J, Zhou L, Zhang J, Zou J, Yuan Z, Yu C. Confinement of Chemisorbed Phosphates in a Controlled Nanospace with Three-Dimensional Mesostructures. Chemistry 2013; 19:5578-85. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Gerber LC, Moser N, Luechinger NA, Stark WJ, Grass RN. Phosphate starvation as an antimicrobial strategy: the controllable toxicity of lanthanum oxide nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:3869-71. [PMID: 22410707 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc30903c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanum oxide nanoparticles were utilized to scavenge phosphate from microbial growth media for the use of targeted nutrient starvation as an antimicrobial strategy. Only in phosphate poor environments a toxic effect was observed. The effect was shown on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus carnosus, Penicillium roqueforti, and Chlorella vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas C Gerber
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Yang J, Yuan P, Chen HY, Zou J, Yuan Z, Yu C. Rationally designed functional macroporous materials as new adsorbents for efficient phosphorus removal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm16681j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Watanabe Y, Kasama T, Fukushi K, Ikoma T, Komatsu Y, Tanaka J, Moriyoshi Y, Yamada H. Synthesis of Nano-sized Boehmites for Optimum Phosphate Sorption. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2010.535590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yang J, Zhou L, Zhao L, Zhang H, Yin J, Wei G, Qian K, Wang Y, Yu C. A designed nanoporous material for phosphate removal with high efficiency. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm02718a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Choi JH, Maruthamuthu S, Lee HG, Ha TH, Bae JH, Alshawabkeh AN. Removal of phosphate from agricultural soil by electrokinetic remediation with iron electrode. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-010-0073-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sugiyama S, Kanda Y, Ishizuka H, Sotowa KI. Removal and regeneration of aqueous divalent cations by boehmite. J Colloid Interface Sci 2008; 320:535-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2007] [Revised: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hanna A, Sherief M, Abo elenin R. PHOSPHATE REMOVAL FROM WASTEWATER BY CALCITE AND DOLOMITE ORES. PHOSPHORUS RESEARCH BULLETIN 2008; 22:7-12. [DOI: 10.3363/prb.22.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A.A. Hanna
- Inorg. Chem. Dept., National research centre, Egypt
| | - M.A. Sherief
- Inorg. Chem. Dept., National research centre, Egypt
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Kawasaki N, Ogata F, Takahashi K, Kabayama M, Kakehi K, Tanada S. Relationship between Anion Adsorption and Physicochemical Properties of Aluminum Oxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.54.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Karageorgiou K, Paschalis M, Anastassakis GN. Removal of phosphate species from solution by adsorption onto calcite used as natural adsorbent. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2007; 139:447-52. [PMID: 16597487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphates are very important basic materials in agricultural and other industrial applications. Phosphorus is often present in low concentrations in wastewater, almost solely in the form of organic and inorganic phosphates (ortho- and poly-phosphates). The removal of phosphates from surface waters is generally necessary to avoid problems, such as eutrophication, particularly near urban areas. The usual methods of treatment are either biological or physicochemical by sedimentation. This paper studies the removal of phosphate species by adsorption onto calcite used as natural adsorbent. The phosphate solutions were prepared artificially by adding certain quantities of K2HPO4 in water. The effect of equilibrium pH, phosphate/mineral ratio and contact time was studied. The results showed that pH plays an important role in the removal of phosphate species from solution, with removal being more efficient in the basic pH region. The experimental results also show that adsorption is also efficient for high ratios phosphate/adsorbent. Finally, the adsorption process is time dependent. Based on the experimental results a possible mechanism of phosphate removal onto calcite surface is proposed. As a general conclusion, phosphate species seem to be efficiently removed from solutions using calcite as natural adsorbent. In addition, the adsorption product can be used as fertilizer for acid soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostantinos Karageorgiou
- School of Mining Engineering and Metallurgy, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou Str., Technical University Campus, 157 80 Zographou, Athens, Greece
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Sugiyama S, Ishizuka H, Shimizu Y, Sotowa KI. Removal-Regeneration of Aqueous Phosphate with Bulk and Thin-Layer Boehmite. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2007. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.40.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Sugiyama
- Department of Advanced Materials, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima
- Department of Geosphere Environment and Energy, Center for Frontier Research of Engineering, The University of Tokushima
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, The University of Tokushima
| | - Hisaaki Ishizuka
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, The University of Tokushima
| | - Yuka Shimizu
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, The University of Tokushima
| | - Ken-Ichiro Sotowa
- Department of Advanced Materials, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima
- Department of Geosphere Environment and Energy, Center for Frontier Research of Engineering, The University of Tokushima
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, The University of Tokushima
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Chitrakar R, Tezuka S, Sonoda A, Sakane K, Ooi K, Hirotsu T. Selective adsorption of phosphate from seawater and wastewater by amorphous zirconium hydroxide. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 297:426-33. [PMID: 16337645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2005] [Revised: 11/07/2005] [Accepted: 11/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Phosphate adsorption from single electrolyte (NaH2PO4), phosphate-enriched seawater, and model wastewater was studied using amorphous zirconium hydroxide, ZrO(OH)2(Na2O)0.05 1.5H2O, as an adsorbent. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the adsorption of phosphate. The effect of pH on phosphate adsorption from seawater showed that the uptake of phosphate increased with an increase in pH up to 6, and then decreased sharply with a further increase in pH of the solution. The equilibrium data of phosphate adsorption were followed with a Freundlich isotherm. The uptake of phosphate at the adsorbent/solution ratio 0.05 g/2 L was 10 and 17 mg-P/g for the phosphate-enriched seawater and the model wastewater, respectively. A much higher adsorptivity toward phosphate ions in seawater was observed on ZrO(OH)2(Na2O)0.05 1.5H(2)O than on other representative adsorbents based on layered double hydroxides of Mg(II)-Al(III), Mg(II)-Fe(III), and Ni(II)-Fe(III). The effective desorption of phosphate ions on ZrO(OH)2(Na2O)0.05 1.5H2O could be achieved using a 0.1 M NaOH solution. The usefulness of experimental data for practical applications in removing phosphate in seawater and wastewater is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Chitrakar
- Health Technology Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu 761-0395, Japan
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Chitrakar R, Tezuka S, Sonoda A, Sakane K, Ooi K, Hirotsu T. Adsorption of phosphate from seawater on calcined MgMn-layered double hydroxides. J Colloid Interface Sci 2005; 290:45-51. [PMID: 15925378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2004] [Revised: 04/07/2005] [Accepted: 04/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Adsorptive properties of MgMn-3-300 (MgMn-type layered double hydroxide with Mg/Mn mole ratio of 3, calcined at 300 degrees C) for phosphate were investigated in phosphate-enriched seawater with a concentration of 0.30 mg-P/dm3. It showed the highest phosphate uptake from the seawater among the inorganic adsorbents studied (hydrotalcite, calcined hydrotalcite, activated magnesia, hydrous aluminum oxide, manganese oxide (delta-MnO2)). The phosphate uptake by MgMn-3-300 reached 7.3 mg-P/g at an adsorbent/solution ratio of 0.05 g/2 dm3. The analyses of the uptakes of other constituents (Na+, K+, Ca(+, Cl-, and SO(2-)4) of seawater showed that the adsorbent had a markedly high selectivity for the adsorption of phosphate ions. Effects of initial phosphate concentration, temperature, pH, and salinity on phosphate uptake were investigated in detail by a batch method. The phosphate uptake increased slightly with an increase in the adsorption temperature. The adsorption isotherm followed Freundlich's equation with constants of logK(F)=1.25 and 1/n=0.65, indicating that it could effectively remove phosphate even from a solution of markedly low phosphate concentration as well as with large numbers of coexisting ions. The pH dependence showed a maximum phosphate uptake around pH 8.5. The pH dependence curve suggested that selective phosphate adsorption progresses mainly by the ion exchange of HPO(2-)4. The study on the effect of salinity suggested the presence of two kinds of adsorption sites in the adsorbent: one nonspecific site with weak interaction and one specific site with strong interaction. The effective desorption of phosphate could be achieved using a mixed solution of 5 M NaCl + 0.1 M NaOH (1 M = 1 mol/dm3), with negligible dissolution of adsorbent. The adsorbent had high chemical stability against the adsorption/desorption cycle; it kept a good phosphate uptake even after the repetition of the seventh cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Chitrakar
- Health Technology Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu 761-0395, Japan.
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Tanada S, Kabayama M, Kawasaki N, Sakiyama T, Nakamura T, Araki M, Tamura T. Removal of phosphate by aluminum oxide hydroxide. J Colloid Interface Sci 2003; 257:135-40. [PMID: 16256465 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9797(02)00008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2002] [Accepted: 09/17/2002] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The development and manufacture of an adsorbent to remove phosphate ion for the prevention of eutrophication in lakes are very important. The characteristics of phosphate adsorption onto aluminum oxide hydroxide were investigated to estimate the adsorption isotherms, the rate of adsorption, and the selectivity of adsorption. Phosphate was easily adsorbed onto aluminum oxide hydroxide, because of the hydroxyl groups. The adsorption of phosphate onto aluminum oxide hydroxide was influenced by pH in solution: the amount adsorbed was greatest at pH 4, ranging with pH from 2 to 9. The optimum pH for phosphate removal by aluminum oxide hydroxide is 4. The selectivity of phosphate adsorption onto aluminum oxide hydroxide was evaluated based on the amount of phosphate ion adsorbed onto aluminum oxide hydroxide from several anion complex solutions. It is phosphate that aluminum oxide hydroxide can selectively adsorb. The selectivity of phosphate onto aluminum oxide hydroxide was about 7000 times that of chloride. This result indicated that the hydroxyl groups on aluminum oxide hydroxide have selective adsorptivity for phosphate and could be used for the removal of phosphate from seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiki Tanada
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
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