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Vishwasrao HM, Master AM, Seo YG, Liu XM, Pothayee N, Zhou Z, Yuan D, Boska MD, Bronich TK, Davis RM, Riffle JS, Sokolsky-Papkov M, Kabanov AV. Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone-Targeted Cisplatin-Loaded Magnetite Nanoclusters for Simultaneous MR Imaging and Chemotherapy of Ovarian Cancer. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2016; 28:3024-3040. [PMID: 37405207 PMCID: PMC10317193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Given the superior soft tissue contrasts obtained by MRI and the long residence times of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in soft tissues, MNP-based theranostic systems are being developed for simultaneous imaging and treatment. However, development of such theranostic nanoformulations presents significant challenges of balancing the therapeutic and diagnostic functionalities in order to achieve optimum effect from both. Here we developed a simple theranostic nanoformulation based on magnetic nanoclusters (MNCs) stabilized by a bisphosphonate-modified poly(glutamic acid)-b-(ethylene glycol) block copolymer and complexed with cisplatin. The MNCs were decorated with luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) to target LHRH receptors (LHRHr) overexpressed in ovarian cancer cells. The targeted MNCs significantly improved the uptake of the drug in cancer cells and decreased its IC50 compared to the nontargeted formulations. Also, the enhanced LHRHr-mediated uptake of the targeted MNCs resulted in enhancement in the T2-weighted negative contrast in cellular phantom gels. Taken together, the LHRH-conjugated MNCs show good potential as ovarian cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant M. Vishwasrao
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Molecular Pharmaceutics Division, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Alyssa M. Master
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Molecular Pharmaceutics Division, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Youn Gee Seo
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Molecular Pharmaceutics Division, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Xinming M. Liu
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Nikorn Pothayee
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zhengyuan Zhou
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Dongfen Yuan
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Molecular Pharmaceutics Division, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Michael D. Boska
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Tatiana K. Bronich
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Richey M. Davis
- Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Judy S. Riffle
- Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Marina Sokolsky-Papkov
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Molecular Pharmaceutics Division, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Alexander V. Kabanov
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Molecular Pharmaceutics Division, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia
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2
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Bizmark N, Ioannidis MA. Effects of Ionic Strength on the Colloidal Stability and Interfacial Assembly of Hydrophobic Ethyl Cellulose Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:9282-9. [PMID: 26241005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle attachment at a fluid interface is a process that often takes place concurrently with nanoparticle aggregation in the bulk of the suspension. Here we investigate systematically the coupling of these processes with reference to the adsorption of aqueous suspensions of ethyl cellulose (EC) nanoparticles at the air-water interface. The suspension stability is optimal at neutral pH and in the absence of salt, conditions under which the electrostatic repulsion among EC nanoparticles is maximized. Nonetheless, hydrophobic attraction dominates particle-interface interactions, resulting in the irreversible adsorption of EC nanoparticles at the air-water interface. The addition of salt weakens the particle-particle and particle-interface repulsive electrostatic forces. This leads to destabilization of the suspension at ionic strengths of 0.05 M or greater but does not affect nanoparticle adsorption. The energy of adsorption, the surface tension and interface coverage at steady state, and the particle contact angle at the interface all remain unchanged by the addition of salt. These findings contribute to the fundamental understanding of colloidal systems and inform the utilization of EC nanocolloids, in particular for the stabilization of foams and emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Bizmark
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Marios A Ioannidis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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3
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Deiner LJ, Farjami E. Diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopic identification of dispersant/particle bonding mechanisms in functional inks. J Vis Exp 2015:e52744. [PMID: 25993049 DOI: 10.3791/52744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, material is deposited drop by drop, to create micron to macroscale layers. A typical inkjet ink is a colloidal dispersion containing approximately ten components including solvent, the nano to micron scale particles which will comprise the printed layer, polymeric dispersants to stabilize the particles, and polymers to tune layer strength, surface tension and viscosity. To rationally and efficiently formulate such an ink, it is crucial to know how the components interact. Specifically, which polymers bond to the particle surfaces and how are they attached? Answering this question requires an experimental procedure that discriminates between polymer adsorbed on the particles and free polymer. Further, the method must provide details about how the functional groups of the polymer interact with the particle. In this protocol, we show how to employ centrifugation to separate particles with adsorbed polymer from the rest of the ink, prepare the separated samples for spectroscopic measurement, and use Diffuse Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (DRIFTS) for accurate determination of dispersant/particle bonding mechanisms. A significant advantage of this methodology is that it provides high level mechanistic detail using only simple, commonly available laboratory equipment. This makes crucial data available to almost any formulation laboratory. The method is most useful for inks composed of metal, ceramic, and metal oxide particles in the range of 100 nm or greater. Because of the density and particle size of these inks, they are readily separable with centrifugation. Further, the spectroscopic signatures of such particles are easy to distinguish from absorbed polymer. The primary limitation of this technique is that the spectroscopy is performed ex-situ on the separated and dried particles as opposed to the particles in dispersion. However, results from attenuated total reflectance spectra of the wet separated particles provide evidence for the validity of the DRIFTS measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jay Deiner
- Department of Chemistry, New York City College of Technology, City University of New York (CUNY);
| | - Elaheh Farjami
- Department of Chemistry, New York City College of Technology, City University of New York (CUNY)
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4
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Fujimori A, Ohmura K, Honda N, Kakizaki K. Creation of high-density and low-defect single-layer film of magnetic nanoparticles by the method of interfacial molecular films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:3254-3261. [PMID: 25727135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A technique to solubilize fine magnetic inorganic particles in general organic solvents is proposed via surfaces modification by long-chain carboxylic acids. This organic modification should overcome the relatively weak van der Waals interactions between the nanoparticles, allowing the formation of ordered arrangements of the modified Fe3O4 and CoFe2O4 materials. Using nanodispersions of these organo-modified magnetic nanoparticles as "spreading solutions", Langmuir monolayers of these particles were formed. Multiparticle layered structures were constructed by the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. The fabrication of single- and multiparticle layers of organo-modified magnetic nanoparticles was investigated using surface pressure-area (π-A) isotherms, out-of-plane X-ray diffraction (XRD), in-plane XRD, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The out-of-plane XRD profile of a single-particle layer of organo-modified Fe3O4 clearly showed a sharp peak which was attributed to the distance between Fe3O4 layers along the c-axis. The AFM image of single-particle layer of organo-modified CoFe2O4 revealed integrated particle organization with a uniform height; these aggregated particles formed large two-dimensional crystals. For both nanoparticle species, regular periodic structures along the c-axis and high-density single-particle layers were produced via the Langmuir and LB techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiro Fujimori
- †Graduate School of Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Functional Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Kyohei Ohmura
- †Graduate School of Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Functional Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Nanami Honda
- †Graduate School of Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Functional Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Koichi Kakizaki
- †Graduate School of Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Functional Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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5
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Azmi NA, Ng QH, Low SC. Ultrafiltration of aquatic humic substances through magnetically responsive polysulfone membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Atiah Azmi
- School of Chemical Engineering Campus; Universiti Sains Malaysia, Seri Ampangan; 14300 Nibong Tebal S. P. S. Penang Malaysia
| | - Qi Hwa Ng
- School of Chemical Engineering Campus; Universiti Sains Malaysia, Seri Ampangan; 14300 Nibong Tebal S. P. S. Penang Malaysia
| | - Siew Chun Low
- School of Chemical Engineering Campus; Universiti Sains Malaysia, Seri Ampangan; 14300 Nibong Tebal S. P. S. Penang Malaysia
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6
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Gupta H, Paul P, Kumar N, Baxi S, Das DP. One pot synthesis of water-dispersible dehydroascorbic acid coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles under atmospheric air: Blood cell compatibility and enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 430:221-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Safari J, Zarnegar Z, Farkhonde Masoule S, Enayati Najafabadi A. Aqueous dispersions of iron oxide nanoparticles with linear-dendritic copolymers. J IND ENG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Chen YP, Hsu SH. Preparation and characterization of novel water-based biodegradable polyurethane nanoparticles encapsulating superparamagnetic iron oxide and hydrophobic drugs. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:3391-3401. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00069b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A green and novelin situmethod for the encapsulation of SPIO and hydrophobic drugs by PU NPs was developed, where drug release may be accelerated upon magnetic heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Chen
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Shan-hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei, Republic of China
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9
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Liposome clusters with shear stress-induced membrane permeability. Chem Phys Lipids 2013; 174:8-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Raftery TD, Kerscher P, Hart AE, Saville SL, Qi B, Kitchens CL, Mefford OT, McNealy TL. Discrete nanoparticles induce loss of Legionella pneumophila biofilms from surfaces. Nanotoxicology 2013; 8:477-84. [PMID: 23586422 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.796537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown to induce dispersal events in microbial biofilms but the mechanism of the dispersal is unknown. Biofilms contaminate many man-made aquatic systems such as cooling towers, spas and dental lines. Within these biofilms, Legionella pneumophila is a primary pathogen, leading to these environments serving as sources for disease outbreaks. Here we show a reduction in biofilm bio-volume upon treatment with citrate-coated 6-nm platinum NPs, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated 11-nm gold NPs, and PEG-coated 8-nm iron oxide NPs. Treatment with citrate-coated 8-nm silver NPs, however, did not reduce biomass. The synthesis of NPs that remain dispersed and resist irreversible aggregation in the exposure media appears to be a key factor in the ability of NPs to induce biofilm dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara D Raftery
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Toxicology (CU-ENTOX), Clemson University , 509 Westinghouse Road, Pendleton, SC , USA
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11
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Vijay R, Angayarkanny S, Baskar G, Mandal A. High performance controlled reactors from micellar assemblies of aromatic amino acid amphiphiles for nanoparticle synthesis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 381:100-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Bakandritsos A, Papagiannopoulos A, Anagnostou EN, Avgoustakis K, Zboril R, Pispas S, Tucek J, Ryukhtin V, Bouropoulos N, Kolokithas-Ntoukas A, Steriotis TA, Keiderling U, Winnefeld F. Merging high doxorubicin loading with pronounced magnetic response and bio-repellent properties in hybrid drug nanocarriers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:2381-2393. [PMID: 22549909 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201102525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid magnetic drug nanocarriers are prepared via a self-assembly process of poly(methacrylic acid)-graft-poly(ethyleneglycol methacrylate) (p(MAA-g-EGMA)) on growing iron oxide nanocrystallites. The nanocarriers successfully merge together bio-repellent properties, pronounced magnetic response, and high loading capacity for the potent anticancer drug doxorubicin (adriamicin), in a manner not observed before in such hybrid colloids. High magnetic responses are accomplished by engineering the size of the magnetic nanocrystallites (∼13.5 nm) following an aqueous single-ferrous precursor route, and through adjustment of the number of cores in each colloidal assembly. Complementing conventional magnetometry, the magnetic response of the nanocarriers is evaluated by magnetophoretic experiments providing insight into their internal organization and on their response to magnetic manipulation. The structural organization of the graft-copolymer, locked on the surface of the nanocrystallites, is further probed by small-angle neutron scattering on single-core colloids. Analysis showed that the MAA segments selectively populate the area around the magnetic nanocrystallites, while the poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted chains are arranged as protrusions, pointing towards the aqueous environment. These nanocarriers are screened at various pHs and in highly salted media by light scattering and electrokinetic measurements. According to the results, their stability is dramatically enhanced, as compared to uncoated nanocrystallites, owing to the presence of the external protective PEG canopy. The nanocarriers are also endowed with bio-repellent properties, as evidenced by stability assays using human blood plasma as the medium.
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13
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Effect of poly(ethylene oxide)-silane graft molecular weight on the colloidal properties of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 377:40-50. [PMID: 22513169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The size, charge, and stability of colloidal suspensions of magnetic nanoparticles with narrow size distribution and grafted with poly(ethylene glycol)-silane of different molecular weights were studied in water, biological buffers, and cell culture media. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy provided information on the chemical nature of the nanoparticle surface, indicating the particle surfaces consisted of a mixture of amine groups and grafted polymer. The results indicate that the exposure of the amine groups on the surface decreased as the molecular weight of the polymer increased. The hydrodynamic diameters correlated with PEG graft molecular weight and were in agreement with a distributed density model for the thickness of a polymer shell end-grafted to a particle core. This indicates that the particles obtained consist of single iron oxide cores coated with a polymer brush. Particle surface charge and hydrodynamic diameter were measured as a function of pH, ionic strength, and in biological buffers and cell culture media. DLVO theory was used to analyze the particle stability considering electrostatic, magnetic, steric, and van der Waals interactions. Experimental results and colloidal stability theory indicated that stability changes from electrostatically mediated for a graft molecular weight of 750 g/mol to sterically mediated at molecular weights of 1000 g/mol and above. These results indicate that a graft molecular weight above 1000 g/mol is needed to produce particles that are stable in a wide range of pH and ionic strength, and in cell culture media.
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14
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Zhou Y, Sharma N, Deshmukh P, Lakhman RK, Jain M, Kasi RM. Hierarchically Structured Free-Standing Hydrogels with Liquid Crystalline Domains and Magnetic Nanoparticles as Dual Physical Cross-Linkers. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:1630-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ja208349x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, §Department of Physics, and ∥Institute of
Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Nitin Sharma
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, §Department of Physics, and ∥Institute of
Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Prashant Deshmukh
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, §Department of Physics, and ∥Institute of
Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Rubinder Kaur Lakhman
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, §Department of Physics, and ∥Institute of
Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Menka Jain
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, §Department of Physics, and ∥Institute of
Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Rajeswari M. Kasi
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, §Department of Physics, and ∥Institute of
Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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15
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Puvvada N, Mandal D, Panigrahi PK, Pathak A. Aqueous route for the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles under atmospheric air: functionalization of surface with fluorescence marker. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2tx20004j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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16
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Amstad E, Textor M, Reimhult E. Stabilization and functionalization of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:2819-43. [PMID: 21629911 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10173k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are used in a rapidly expanding number of research and practical applications in the biomedical field, including magnetic cell labeling separation and tracking, for therapeutic purposes in hyperthermia and drug delivery, and for diagnostic purposes, e.g., as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. These applications require good NP stability at physiological conditions, close control over NP size and controlled surface presentation of functionalities. This review is focused on different aspects of the stability of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs, from its practical definition to its implementation by molecular design of the dispersant shell around the iron oxide core and further on to its influence on the magnetic properties of the superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs. Special attention is given to the selection of molecular anchors for the dispersant shell, because of their importance to ensure colloidal and functional stability of sterically stabilized superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs. We further detail how dispersants have been optimized to gain close control over iron oxide NP stability, size and functionalities by independently considering the influences of anchors and the attached sterically repulsive polymer brushes. A critical evaluation of different strategies to stabilize and functionalize core-shell superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs as well as a brief introduction to characterization methods to compare those strategies is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Amstad
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Miles WC, Huffstetler PP, Goff JD, Chen AY, Riffle JS, Davis RM. Design of stable polyether-magnetite complexes in aqueous media: effects of the anchor group, molecular weight, and chain density. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:5456-5463. [PMID: 21476527 DOI: 10.1021/la105097d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The colloidal stability of polymer-stabilized nanoparticles is critical for therapeutic use. However, phosphates in physiological media can induce polymer desorption and consequently flocculation. Colloidal characteristics of PEO-magnetite nanoparticles with different anchors for attaching PEO to magnetite were examined in PBS. The effects of the number of anchors, PEO molecular weight, and chain density were examined. It was observed that ammonium phosphonates anchored PEO to magnetite effectively in phosphate-containing solutions because of interactions between the phosphonates and magnetite. Additionally, a method to estimate the magnetite surface coverage was developed and was found to be critical to the prediction of colloidal stability. This is key to understanding how functionalized surfaces interact with their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Miles
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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18
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Rebodos RL, Vikesland PJ. Effects of oxidation on the magnetization of nanoparticulate magnetite. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:16745-16753. [PMID: 20879747 DOI: 10.1021/la102461z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic nanomagnetite has been suggested as a potential reactant for the in situ treatment of contaminated groundwater. Although the application of magnetite nanoparticles for environmental remediation is promising, a full understanding of particle reactivity has been deterred by the propensity of the nanoparticles to aggregate and become colloidally unstable. Attractive magnetic interactions between particles are partially responsible for their aggregation. In this study, we characterized the magnetic behavior of magnetite by determining the saturation magnetization, coercivity, remanent magnetization, susceptibility, and blocking temperature of synthetic magnetite using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). We show how these properties vary in the presence of surface-associated solutes such as tetramethylammonium (TMA(+)) and ferrous (Fe(II)) cations. More importantly, because magnetite readily reacts with O(2) to produce maghemite, we analyzed the effect of oxidation on the magnetic properties of the particles. Because maghemite has a reported magnetic saturation that is less than that of magnetite, we hypothesized that oxidation would decrease the magnitude of the magnetic attractive force between adjacent particles. The presence of TMA(+) and Fe(II) caused a change in the magnetic properties of magnetite potentially because of alterations in its crystalline order. Magnetite oxidation caused a decrease in saturation magnetization, resulting in less significant magnetic interactions between particles. Oxidation, therefore, could lead to the decreased aggregation of magnetite nanoparticles and a potential enhancement of their colloidal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Rebodos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and The Institute of Critical Technology and Applied Science, NSF-EPA Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
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19
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Dual drug loaded superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2010; 31:3694-706. [PMID: 20144478 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The primary inadequacy of chemotherapeutic drugs is their relative non-specificity and potential side effects to the healthy tissues. To overcome this, drug loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles are conceptualized. We report here an aqueous based formulation of glycerol monooleate coated magnetic nanoparticles (GMO-MNPs) devoid of any surfactant capable of carrying high payload hydrophobic anticancer drugs. The biocompatibility was confirmed by tumor necrosis factor alpha assay, confocal microscopy. High entrapment efficiency approximately 95% and sustained release of encapsulated drugs for more than two weeks under in vitro conditions was achieved for different anticancer drugs (paclitaxel, rapamycin, alone or combination). Drug loaded GMO-MNPs did not affect the magnetization properties of the iron oxide core as confirmed by magnetization study. Additionally the MNPs were functionalized with carboxylic groups by coating with DMSA (Dimercaptosuccinic acid) for the supplementary conjugation of amines. For targeted therapy, HER2 antibody was conjugated to GMO-MNPs and showed enhanced uptake in human breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7). The IC(50) doses revealed potential antiproliferative effect in MCF-7. Therefore, antibody conjugated GMO-MNPs could be used as potential drug carrier for the active therapeutic aspects in cancer therapy.
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Bulavchenko AI, Popovetsky PS. Electrokinetic potential of nanoparticles in reverse AOT micelles: photometric determination and role in the processes of heterocoagulation, separation, and concentration. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:736-742. [PMID: 19950951 DOI: 10.1021/la903583r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A simple photometric method for determining the electrophoretic mobility of nano- and microparticles in reverse micelles and in solvents with a low dielectric permittivity (2-5) has been developed. The method is based on the use of a thermostatically controlled diaphragm-based optical cell (length 2 cm) with three vertical plane-parallel electrodes (2 x 3 cm; interelectrode gap, 0.3 cm) placed into a standard photocolorimeter. When an electrostatic field (100-600 V) is applied, the particles begin to move away from the electrode of the same polarity. The path traveled by the particles for a given time (2-30 s) is calculated from the change in the optical density of the solution in the near-electrode zone. The electrophoretic potential of nanoparticles in the model systems, calculated from the values of electrophoretic mobility by Huckel-Onsager theory, varied from 70 (Ag nanoparticles in AOT micelles in decane) to -73 mV (aggregated SiO(2) nanoparticles in a decane-chloroform mixture). Calculations by the classical Deryaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory determined the contribution of the electrostatic interaction to the stability of the studied systems. We have shown that the surface charge of nanoparticles permits: (1) an electrophoretic concentration of the charged nanoparticles (Ag) with an enrichment factor of up to 10(4), (2) the separation of nanoparticles with zero (C(60)) and a high (Ag) electrokinetic potentials, and (3) the formation of electrostatically bound aggregates (Ag-SiO(2)) through the heterocoagulation of oppositely charged particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Bulavchenko
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia.
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21
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Leontowich AFG, Calver CF, Dasog M, Scott RWJ. Surface properties of water-soluble glycine-cysteamine-protected gold clusters. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:1285-1290. [PMID: 19791751 DOI: 10.1021/la902465b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of water-soluble, nearly monodisperse glycine-cysteamine (Gly-CSA) gold monolayer protected clusters (MPCs) via base deprotection of Fmoc-Gly-CSA MPCs. The resulting Gly-CSA MPCs, which have terminal primary amine groups, are fully characterized by (1)H and (13)C NMR, UV-vis spectroscopy, and TEM, and their surface properties were probed by dynamic light scattering and acid-base titrations. The characterization methods indicate that the as-synthesized particles are nearly monodisperse with an average particle size of 1.8 +/- 0.3 nm, but are only stable to aggregation in water at pHs of 4 and below. Acid-base titrations of the Gly-CSA MPCs show that the primary ammonium groups have a pK(a) of approximately 5.5, which is several orders of magnitude lower than the pK(a2) for the ammonium group of glycine (9.6). Thus, the particles are only partially protonated at intermediate pH's, which then drives the aggregation of the nanoparticles via hydrogen-bond formation. Dynamic light scattering results confirm the pH-driven aggregation of the nanoparticles, and studies with ninhydrin confirm that the primary amine groups are reactive and have potential for further functionalization. These results show that amine-terminated MPCs can be synthesized; however, their aggregation at intermediate pH's can limit their utility as building blocks for multifunctional nanoparticle syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam F G Leontowich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Miles W, Goff J, Huffstetler P, Mefford O, Riffle J, Davis R. The design of well-defined PDMS–Magnetite complexes. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Häfeli UO, Riffle JS, Harris-Shekhawat L, Carmichael-Baranauskas A, Mark F, Dailey JP, Bardenstein D. Cell uptake and in vitro toxicity of magnetic nanoparticles suitable for drug delivery. Mol Pharm 2009; 6:1417-28. [PMID: 19445482 DOI: 10.1021/mp900083m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic targeting is useful for intravascular or intracavitary drug delivery, including tumor chemotherapy or intraocular antiangiogenic therapy. For all such in vivo applications, the magnetic drug carrier must be biocompatible and nontoxic. In this work, we investigated the toxic properties of magnetic nanoparticles coated with polyethylenoxide (PEO) triblock copolymers. Such coatings prevent the aggregation of magnetic nanoparticles and guarantee consistent magnetic and nonmagnetic flow properties. It was found that the PEO tail block length inversely correlates with toxicity. The nanoparticles with the shortest 0.75 kDa PEO tails were the most toxic, while particles coated with the 15 kDa PEO tail block copolymers were the least toxic. Toxicity responses of the tested prostate cancer cell lines (PC3 and C4-2), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and human retinal pigment epithelial cells (HRPEs) were similar. Furthermore, all cell types took up the coated magnetic nanoparticles. It is concluded that magnetite nanoparticles coated with triblock copolymers containing PEO tail lengths of above 2 kDa are biocompatible and appropriate for in vivo application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs O Häfeli
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2146 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Rutnakornpituk M, Meerod S, Boontha B, Wichai U. Magnetic core-bilayer shell nanoparticle: A novel vehicle for entrapmentof poorly water-soluble drugs. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Wang Y, Eli W, Nueraimaiti A, Liu Y. Synthesis and Characterization of Polyol Poly-12-Hydroxy Stearic Acid: Applications in Preparing Environmentally Friendly Overbased Calcium Oleate Detergent. Ind Eng Chem Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ie8016016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonglei Wang
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, People’s Republic of China, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wumanjiang Eli
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, People’s Republic of China, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ayixiamuguli Nueraimaiti
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, People’s Republic of China, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanfeng Liu
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, People’s Republic of China, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
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26
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Miles WC, Goff JD, Huffstetler PP, Reinholz CM, Pothayee N, Caba BL, Boyd JS, Davis RM, Riffle JS. Synthesis and colloidal properties of polyether-magnetite complexes in water and phosphate-buffered saline. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:803-813. [PMID: 19105718 DOI: 10.1021/la8030655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles show great promise for many biotechnological applications. This paper addresses the synthesis and characterization of magnetite nanoparticles coated with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) homopolymers and amphiphilic poly(propylene oxide-b-ethylene oxide) (PPO-b-PEO) copolymers that were anchored through ammonium ions. Predictions and experimental measurements of the colloidal properties of these nanoparticles in water and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as functions of the polymer block lengths and polymer loading are reported. The complexes were found to exist as primary particles at high polymer compositions, and most formed small clusters with equilibrium sizes as the polymer loading was reduced. Through implementation of a polymer brush model, the size distributions from dynamic light scattering (DLS) were compared to those from the model. For complexes that did not cluster, the experimental sizes matched the model well. For complexes that clustered, equilibrium diameters were predicted accurately through an empirical fit derived from DLS data and the half-life for doublet formation calculated using the modified Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. Deviation from this empirical fit provided insight into possible additional interparticle hydrophobic interactions for select complexes for which the DLVO theory could not account. While the polymers remained bound to the nanoparticles in water, most of them desorbed slowly in PBS. Desorption was slowed significantly at high polymer chain densities and with hydrophobic PPO anchor blocks. By tailoring the PPO block length and the number of polymer chains on the surface, flocculation of the magnetite complexes in PBS was avoided. This allows for in vitro experiments where appreciable flocculation or sedimentation will not take place within the specified time scale requirements of an experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Miles
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Mail Code 0211, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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27
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Synthesis and characterization of poly(lactide-b-siloxane-b-lactide) copolymers as magnetite nanoparticle dispersants. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Meerod S, Tumcharern G, Wichai U, Rutnakornpituk M. Magnetite nanoparticles stabilized with polymeric bilayer of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether–poly(ɛ-caprolactone) copolymers. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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29
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Vadala ML, Thompson MS, Ashworth MA, Lin Y, Vadala TP, Ragheb R, Riffle JS. Heterobifunctional Poly(ethylene oxide) Oligomers Containing Carboxylic Acids. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:1035-43. [DOI: 10.1021/bm701067d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Vadala
- Department of Chemistry and the Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Mail Code 0212, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-5976
| | - M. S. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and the Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Mail Code 0212, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-5976
| | - M. A. Ashworth
- Department of Chemistry and the Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Mail Code 0212, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-5976
| | - Y. Lin
- Department of Chemistry and the Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Mail Code 0212, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-5976
| | - T. P. Vadala
- Department of Chemistry and the Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Mail Code 0212, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-5976
| | - R. Ragheb
- Department of Chemistry and the Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Mail Code 0212, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-5976
| | - J. S. Riffle
- Department of Chemistry and the Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Mail Code 0212, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-5976
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Thompson M, Vadala T, Vadala M, Lin Y, Riffle J. Synthesis and applications of heterobifunctional poly(ethylene oxide) oligomers. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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