1
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A bifunctional AuNP probe-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for facile and ultrasensitive detection of trace zearalenone in coix seed. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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2
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Savin R, Blanck C, Benzaamia NO, Boulmedais F. Optimization of Nanohybrid Biosensors Based on Electro-Crosslinked Tannic Acid Capped Nanoparticles/Enzyme. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103309. [PMID: 35630787 PMCID: PMC9144895 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes/Nanoparticles (NPs) bioconjugates are massively used nowadays to develop thin films for optical and electrochemical biosensors. Nevertheless, their full characterization as a thin coating onto electrodes remains little discussed, in particular the influence of NPs size and enzyme/NPs ratio used in the electrodeposition solution. In this study, GOx (160 kDa) and HRP (44 kDa) were used in association with tannic acid capped gold NPs (a series with sizes from 7 to 40 nm) to electrodeposit biosensor coatings, sensitive towards glucose and H2O2, respectively. The electrodeposition process was based on a mussel-inspired electro-crosslinking between gallol moieties of tannic acid (at the surface of NPs) and amine moieties of the enzymes. On one hand, the sensitivity of the GOx/NPs coatings depends strongly on the NP size and the enzyme/NPs molar ratio of the electrodeposition solution. An optimal sensitivity was obtained by electrodeposition of 11 nm NPs at a GOx/NPs molar ratio close to the theoretical value of the enzyme monolayer. On the other hand, a modest influence of the NPs size was found on the sensitivity in the case of the electrodeposited HRP/NPs coatings, reaching a plateau at the HRP/NPs molar ratio close to the value of the theoretical enzyme monolayer. In both cases, the enzyme/NPs molar ratio played a role in the sensitivity. To fully understand the parameters driving the biosensor sensitivity, a comprehensive evaluation of the colloidal state of the bioconjugates is proposed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Savin
- Institut Charles Sadron, University of Strasbourg CNRS, UPR 22, 67034 Strasbourg, France; (R.S.); (C.B.); (N.-O.B.)
| | - Christian Blanck
- Institut Charles Sadron, University of Strasbourg CNRS, UPR 22, 67034 Strasbourg, France; (R.S.); (C.B.); (N.-O.B.)
| | - Nour-Ouda Benzaamia
- Institut Charles Sadron, University of Strasbourg CNRS, UPR 22, 67034 Strasbourg, France; (R.S.); (C.B.); (N.-O.B.)
| | - Fouzia Boulmedais
- Institut Charles Sadron, University of Strasbourg CNRS, UPR 22, 67034 Strasbourg, France; (R.S.); (C.B.); (N.-O.B.)
- International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry, 67083 Strasbourg, France
- Correspondence:
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3
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Ramonas E, Shafaat A, Dagys M, Ruzgas T, Ratautas D. Revising catalytic “acceleration” of enzymes on citrate-capped gold nanoparticles. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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4
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Tang H, Wang H, Du J, Zhao D, Cao M, Li Y. Intrinsic Catalytic Activities from Single Enzyme@Metal-Organic Frameworks by Using a Stochastic Collision Electrochemical Technique. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5443-5447. [PMID: 34081461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes encapsulated in metal-organic frameworks (enzyme@MOFs), as a promising immobilized enzyme, were investigated for intrinsic catalytic activities at the single entity level via a stochastic collision electrochemical technique. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks with amorphous (aZIF-8) and crystalline (ZIF-8) structures were chosen as model MOFs to encapsulate glucose oxidase (GOx). We carried out single enzyme@MOF nanoparticle (NP) collision experiments using the carbon ultramicroelectrode (CUME), which demonstrated that the catalytic activity of GOx@ZIF-8 NPs was much less than GOx@aZIF-8 NPs. Meanwhile, the kcat and TON per GOx in aZIF-8 NPs were obtained, revealing the intrinsic catalytic activity of GOx in aZIF-8 NPs at the single entity level. This strategy is the first approach for investigating enzyme@MOFs at a single entity level, which can not only broaden the horizons of single entity electrochemistry (SEE) but also provide further insights into research on electrochemistry, catalysis, and nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Tang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Du
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, P. R. China
| | - Mengya Cao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, P. R. China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, P. R. China
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5
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Baruch-Shpigler Y, Avnir D. Entrapment of glucose oxidase within gold converts it to a general monosaccharide-oxidase. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10737. [PMID: 34031493 PMCID: PMC8144553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report that entrapping glucose oxidase (GOx) within metallic gold, expands its activity to become an oxidase for monosaccharides that do not have a natural enzyme with that activity-fructose and xylose-and that this entrapment also removes the enantioselectivity, rendering this enzyme capable of oxidizing the "wrong" L-enantiomer of glucose. These observations suggest that in this biomaterial adsorptive interactions of the outer regions of the protein with the gold cage, pull apart and widen the tunnel between the two monomeric units of GOx, to a degree that its stereoselectivity is compromised; then, the active sites which are more versatile than currently attributed to, are free and capable of acting on the foreign sugars. To test this proposition, we entrapped in gold L-asparaginase, which is also a dimeric enzyme (a dimer of tight dimers), and found, again, that this metallic biomaterial widens the activity of that enzyme, to include the D-amino acid counter enantiomer as well. Detailed kinetic analyses for all substrates are provided for the gold bio-composites, including determination of the difference between the activation energies towards two opposite enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Baruch-Shpigler
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Avnir
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel.
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6
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Huang R, Luther DC, Zhang X, Gupta A, Tufts SA, Rotello VM. Engineering the Interface between Inorganic Nanoparticles and Biological Systems through Ligand Design. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1001. [PMID: 33924735 PMCID: PMC8069843 DOI: 10.3390/nano11041001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) provide multipurpose platforms for a wide range of biological applications. These applications are enabled through molecular design of surface coverages, modulating NP interactions with biosystems. In this review, we highlight approaches to functionalize nanoparticles with "small" organic ligands (Mw < 1000), providing insight into how organic synthesis can be used to engineer NPs for nanobiology and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (R.H.); (D.C.L.); (X.Z.); (A.G.); (S.A.T.)
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7
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Lira AL, Ferreira RS, Oliva MLV, Sousa AA. Regulation of Thrombin Activity with Ultrasmall Nanoparticles: Effects of Surface Chemistry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:7991-8001. [PMID: 32590899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials displaying well-tailored sizes and surface chemistries can provide novel ways with which to modulate the structure and function of enzymes. Recently, we showed that gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the ultrasmall size regime could perform as allosteric effectors inducing partial inhibition of thrombin activity. We now find that the nature of the AuNP surface chemistry controls the interactions to the anion-binding exosites 1 and 2 on the surface of thrombin, the allosterically induced changes to the active-site conformation, and, by extension, the enzymatic activity. Ultrasmall AuNPs passivated with p-mercaptobenzoic acid ligands (AuMBA) and a peptide-based (Ac-ECYN) biomimetic coat (AuECYN) were utilized in our investigations. Remarkably, we found that while AuMBA binds to exosites 1 and 2, AuECYN interacts primarily with exosite 2. It was further established that AuMBA behaves as a "mild denaturant" of thrombin leading to catalytic dysfunction over time. Conversely, AuECYN resembles a proper allosteric effector leading to partial and reversible inhibition of the activity. Collectively, our findings reveal how the distinct binding modes of different AuNP types may uniquely influence thrombin structure and catalysis. The present study further contributes to our understanding of how synthetic nanomaterials could be exploited in the allosteric regulation of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- André L Lira
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Ferreira
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza V Oliva
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Alioscka A Sousa
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil
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8
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Malel E, Mandler D. Biocatalytic metal nanopatterning through enzyme-modified microelectrodes. J Solid State Electrochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-020-04730-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Duan Y, Wu W, Zhao Q, Liu S, Liu H, Huang M, Wang T, Liang M, Wang Z. Enzyme-Antibody-Modified Gold Nanoparticle Probes for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Nucleocapsid Protein in SFTSV. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124427. [PMID: 32575570 PMCID: PMC7344430 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As humans and climate change continue to alter the landscape, novel disease risk scenarios have emerged. Sever fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), an emerging tick-borne infectious disease first discovered in rural areas of central China in 2009, is caused by a novel bunyavirus (SFTSV). The potential for SFTS to spread to other countries in combination with its high fatality rate, possible human-to-human transmission, and extensive prevalence among residents and domesticated animals in endemic regions make the disease a severe threat to public health. Because of the lack of preventive vaccines or useful antiviral drugs, diagnosis of SFTS is the key to prevention and control of the SFTSV infection. The development of serological detection methods will greatly improve our understanding of SFTSV ecology and host tropism. We describe a highly sensitive protein detection method based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)—AuNP-based ELISA. The optical sensitivity enhancement of this method is due to the high loading efficiency of AuNPs to McAb. This enhances the concentration of the HRP enzyme in each immune sandwich structure. The detection limit of this method to the nucleocapsid protein (NP) of SFTSV was 0.9 pg mL−1 with good specificity and reproducibility. The sensitivity of AuNP-based ELISA was higher than that of traditional ELISA and was comparable to real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The probes are stable for 120 days at 4 °C. This can be applied to diagnosis and hopefully can be developed into a commercial ELISA kit. The ultrasensitive detection of SFTSV will increase our understanding of the distribution and spread of SFTSV, thus helping to monitor the changes in tick-borne pathogen SFTSV risk in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Duan
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.D.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (M.H.); (T.W.)
| | - Wei Wu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100000, China;
| | - Qiuzi Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.D.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (M.H.); (T.W.)
| | - Sihua Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.D.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (M.H.); (T.W.)
| | - Hongyun Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.D.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (M.H.); (T.W.)
| | - Mengqian Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.D.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (M.H.); (T.W.)
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.D.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (M.H.); (T.W.)
| | - Mifang Liang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100000, China;
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhiyun Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (Z.W.)
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10
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Liu Y, Zheng Y, Chen Z, Qin Y, Guo R. High-Performance Integrated Enzyme Cascade Bioplatform Based on Protein-BiPt Nanochain@Graphene Oxide Hybrid Guided One-Pot Self-Assembly Strategy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1804987. [PMID: 30721561 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanozymes provide new opportunities for facilitating next generation artificial enzyme cascade platforms. However, the fabrication of high-performance integrated artificial enzyme cascade (IAEC) bioplatforms based on nanozymes remains a great challenge. A facile and effective self-assembly strategy for constructing an IAEC system based on an inorganic/protein hybrid nanozyme, β-casein-BiPt nanochain@GO (CA-BiPtNC@GO) nanohybrid with unique physicochemical surface properties and hierarchical structures, is introduced here. Due to the synergetic effect of the protein, GO, and Bi3+ , the hybrid acts as highly adaptable building blocks to immobilize natural enzymes directly and noncovalently without the loss of enzyme activity. Simultaneously, the CA-BiPtNC@GO nanohybrid exhibits outstanding peroxidase-mimicking activity and works well with natural oxidases, resulting in prominent activity in catalyzing cascade reactions. As a result, the proposed IAEC bioplatform exhibits excellent sensitivity with a wide linear range of 0.5 × 10-6 to 100 × 10-6 m and a detection limit of 0.05 × 10-6 m for glucose. Meticulous design of ingenious hierarchically nanostructured nanozymes with unique physicochemical surface properties can provide a facile and efficient way to immobilize and stabilize nature enzymes using self-assembly instead of chemical processes, and fill the gap in developing robust nanozyme-triggered IAEC systems with applications in the environment, sensing, and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, P. R. China
| | - Yuanlin Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, P. R. China
| | - Yuling Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, P. R. China
| | - Rong Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, P. R. China
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11
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Liu Y, Qin Y, Zheng Y, Qin Y, Cheng M, Guo R. A one-pot and modular self-assembly strategy for high-performance organized enzyme cascade bioplatforms based on dual-functionalized protein–PtNP@mesoporous iron oxide hybrid. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:43-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02162g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot and modular self-assembly strategy for high-performance enzyme cascade bioplatform based on dual-functionalized protein/inorganic hybrid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yuling Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanlin Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yong Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Mengjun Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Rong Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou
- P. R. China
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12
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Lira AL, Ferreira RS, Torquato RJS, Oliva MLV, Schuck P, Sousa AA. Allosteric inhibition of α-thrombin enzymatic activity with ultrasmall gold nanoparticles. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:378-388. [PMID: 30931428 PMCID: PMC6394888 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00081f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic activity of enzymes can be regulated by interactions with synthetic nanoparticles (NPs) in a number of ways. To date, however, the potential use of NPs as allosteric effectors has not been investigated in detail. Importantly, targeting allosteric (distal) sites on the enzyme surface could afford unique ways to modulate the activity, allowing for either enzyme activation, partial or full inhibition. Using p-mercaptobenzoic acid-coated ultrasmall gold NPs (AuMBA) and human α-thrombin as a model system, here we experimentally tested the hypothesis that enzyme activity could be regulated through ultrasmall NP interactions at allosteric sites. We show that AuMBA interacted selectively and reversibly around two positively charged regions of the thrombin surface (exosites 1 and 2) and away from the active site. NP complexation at the exosites transmitted long-range structural changes over to the active site, altering both substrate binding affinity and catalysis. Significantly, thrombin activity was partially reduced - but not completely inhibited - by interactions with AuMBA. These findings indicate that interactions of proteins with ultrasmall NPs may mimic a typical biomolecular complexation event, and suggest the prospect of using ultrasmall particles as synthetic receptors to allosterically regulate protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- André L Lira
- Department of Biochemistry , Federal University of São Paulo , São Paulo , SP , Brazil .
| | - Rodrigo S Ferreira
- Department of Biochemistry , Federal University of São Paulo , São Paulo , SP , Brazil .
| | - Ricardo J S Torquato
- Department of Biochemistry , Federal University of São Paulo , São Paulo , SP , Brazil .
| | - Maria Luiza V Oliva
- Department of Biochemistry , Federal University of São Paulo , São Paulo , SP , Brazil .
| | - Peter Schuck
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Alioscka A Sousa
- Department of Biochemistry , Federal University of São Paulo , São Paulo , SP , Brazil .
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13
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Malel E, Mandler D. Direct Electron Transfer between Glucose Oxidase and Gold Nanoparticles; When Size Matters. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Malel
- Institute of Chemistry; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
| | - Daniel Mandler
- Institute of Chemistry; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
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14
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Rodriguez-Quijada C, Sánchez-Purrà M, de Puig H, Hamad-Schifferli K. Physical Properties of Biomolecules at the Nanomaterial Interface. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:2827-2840. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Sánchez-Purrà
- Department of Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Helena de Puig
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kimberly Hamad-Schifferli
- Department of Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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15
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Kumar-Krishnan S, Guadalupe-Ferreira García M, Prokhorov E, Estevez-González M, Pérez R, Esparza R, Meyyappan M. Synthesis of gold nanoparticles supported on functionalized nanosilica using deep eutectic solvent for an electrochemical enzymatic glucose biosensor. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:7072-7081. [PMID: 32263898 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01346a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Engineering of nanoparticle (NP) surfaces offers an effective approach for the development of enzymatic biosensors or microbial fuel cells with a greatly enhanced direct electron transport process. However, lack of control over the surface functionalization process and the operational instability of the immobilized enzymes are serious issues. Herein, we demonstrate a facile and green deep eutectic solvent (DES)-mediated synthetic strategy for efficient amine-surface functionalization of silicon dioxide and to integrate small gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for a glucose biosensor. Owing to the higher viscosity of the DES, it provides uniform surface functionalization and further coupling of the AuNPs on the SiO2 support with improved stability and dispersion. The amine groups of the functionalized Au-SiO2NPs were covalently linked to the FAD-center of glucose oxidase (GOx) through glutaraldehyde as a bifunctional cross-linker, which promotes formation of "electrical wiring" with the immobilized enzymes. The Au-SiO2NP/GOx/GC electrode exhibits direct electron transfer (DET) for sensing of glucose with a sensitivity of 9.69 μA mM-1, a wide linear range from 0.2 to 7 mM and excellent stability. The present green DES-mediated synthetic approach expands the possibilities to support different metal NPs on SiO2 as a potential platform for biosensor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Kumar-Krishnan
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Santiago de Querétaro, Qro., 76230, Mexico.
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16
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Pereira AR, Luz RAS, Lima FCDA, Crespilho FN. Protein Oligomerization Based on Brønsted Acid Reaction. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andressa R. Pereira
- São
Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 13560-970 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto A. S. Luz
- São
Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 13560-970 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Filipe C. D. A. Lima
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo, Campus Matão, 15991-502 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frank N. Crespilho
- São
Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 13560-970 São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Ciaurriz P, Fernández F, Tellechea E, Moran JF, Asensio AC. Comparison of four functionalization methods of gold nanoparticles for enhancing the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:244-253. [PMID: 28243563 PMCID: PMC5301989 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique is based on the specific recognition ability of the molecular structure of an antigen (epitope) by an antibody and is likely the most important diagnostic technique used today in bioscience. With this methodology, it is possible to diagnose illness, allergies, alimentary fraud, and even to detect small molecules such as toxins, pesticides, heavy metals, etc. For this reason, any procedures that improve the detection limit, sensitivity or reduce the analysis time could have an important impact in several fields. In this respect, many methods have been developed for improving the technique, ranging from fluorescence substrates to methods for increasing the number of enzyme molecules involved in the detection such as the biotin-streptavidin method. In this context, nanotechnology has offered a significant number of proposed solutions, mainly based on the functionalization of nanoparticles from gold to carbon which could be used as antibody carriers as well as reporter enzymes like peroxidase. However, few works have focused on the study of best practices for nanoparticle functionalization for ELISA enhancement. In this work, we use 20 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a vehicle for secondary antibodies and peroxidase (HRP). The design of experiments technique (DOE) and four different methods for biomolecule loading were compared using a rabbit IgG/goat anti-rabbit IgG ELISA model (adsorption, directional, covalent and a combination thereof). As a result, AuNP probes prepared by direct adsorption were the most effective method. AuNPs probes were then used to detect gliadin, one of the main components of wheat gluten, the protein composite that causes celiac disease. With this optimized approach, our data showed a sensitivity increase of at least five times and a lower detection limit with respect to a standard ELISA of at least three times. Additionally, the assay time was remarkably decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ciaurriz
- Cemitec (Multidisciplinary Center of Technologies for Industry), Polígono Mocholí, Plaza Cein 3, Noain 31110, Spain
| | - Fátima Fernández
- Cemitec (Multidisciplinary Center of Technologies for Industry), Polígono Mocholí, Plaza Cein 3, Noain 31110, Spain
| | - Edurne Tellechea
- Cemitec (Multidisciplinary Center of Technologies for Industry), Polígono Mocholí, Plaza Cein 3, Noain 31110, Spain
| | - Jose F Moran
- IdAB-CSIC-UPNA-GN (Institute of Agro-Biotechnology), Public University of Navarre, Campus Arrosadía s/n, Pamplona 31006, Spain
| | - Aaron C Asensio
- Cemitec (Multidisciplinary Center of Technologies for Industry), Polígono Mocholí, Plaza Cein 3, Noain 31110, Spain
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18
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Layer-by-layer assembly of functionalized reduced graphene oxide for direct electrochemistry and glucose detection. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 68:739-745. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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A Co(II)-based metallo-supramolecular polymer as a novel enzyme immobilization matrix for electrochemical glucose biosensing. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Lan T, Zhang J, Lu Y. Transforming the blood glucose meter into a general healthcare meter for in vitro diagnostics in mobile health. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:331-41. [PMID: 26946282 PMCID: PMC4833671 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in mobile network and smartphones have provided an enormous opportunity for transforming in vitro diagnostics (IVD) from central labs to home or other points of care (POC). A major challenge to achieving the goal is a long time and high costs associated with developing POC IVD devices in mobile Health (mHealth). Instead of developing a new POC device for every new IVD target, we and others are taking advantage of decades of research, development, engineering and continuous improvement of the blood glucose meter (BGM), including those already integrated with smartphones, and transforming the BGM into a general healthcare meter for POC IVDs of a wide range of biomarkers, therapeutic drugs and other analytical targets. In this review, we summarize methods to transduce and amplify selective binding of targets by antibodies, DNA/RNA aptamers, DNAzyme/ribozymes and protein enzymes into signals such as glucose or NADH that can be measured by commercially available BGM, making it possible to adapt many clinical assays performed in central labs, such as immunoassays, aptamer/DNAzyme assays, molecular diagnostic assays, and enzymatic activity assays onto BGM platform for quantification of non-glucose targets for a wide variety of IVDs in mHealth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Lan
- GlucoSentient, Inc., 60 Hazelwood Drive, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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21
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Mizuhara T, Moyano DF, Rotello VM. Using the Power of Organic Synthesis for Engineering the Interactions of Nanoparticles with Biological Systems. NANO TODAY 2016; 11:31-40. [PMID: 27134640 PMCID: PMC4847953 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The surface properties of nanoparticles (NPs) dictate their interaction with the outside world. The use of precisely designed molecular ligands to control NP surface properties provides an important toolkit for modulating their interaction with biological systems, facilitating their use in biomedicine. In this review we will discuss the application of the atom-by-atom control provided by organic synthesis to the generation of engineered nanoparticles, with emphasis on how the functionalization of NPs with these "small" organic molecules (Mw < 1,000) can be used to engineer NPs for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Mizuhara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Daniel F. Moyano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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22
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Recent advances in chemical functionalization of nanoparticles with biomolecules for analytical applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:8627-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8981-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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23
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The study of transient protein-nanoparticle interactions by solution NMR spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1864:102-14. [PMID: 25936778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of novel nanoscale materials for applications in biomedicine urges an improved characterization of the nanobio interfaces. Nanoparticles exhibit unique structures and properties, often different from the corresponding bulk materials, and the nature of their interactions with biological systems remains poorly characterized. Solution NMR spectroscopy is a mature technique for the investigation of biomolecular structure, dynamics, and intermolecular associations, however its use in protein-nanoparticle interaction studies remains scarce and highly challenging, particularly due to unfavorable hydrodynamic properties of most nanoscale assemblies. Nonetheless, recent efforts demonstrated that a number of NMR observables, such as chemical shifts, signal intensities, amide exchange rates and relaxation parameters, together with newly designed saturation transfer experiments, could be successfully employed to characterize the orientation, structure and dynamics of proteins adsorbed onto nanoparticle surfaces. This review provides the first survey and critical assessment of the contributions from solution NMR spectroscopy to the study of transient interactions between proteins and both inorganic (gold, silver, and silica) and organic (polymer, carbon and lipid based) nanoparticles. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Physiological Enzymology and Protein Functions.
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24
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Yeh YC, Rana S, Mout R, Yan B, Alfonso FS, Rotello VM. Supramolecular tailoring of protein-nanoparticle interactions using cucurbituril mediators. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:5565-8. [PMID: 24728346 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc01257g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular modification of nanoparticle surfaces through threading of cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) onto surface ligands is used to regulate protein-nanoparticle interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheun Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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25
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Yeo ELL, Chua AJS, Parthasarathy K, Yeo HY, Ng ML, Kah JCY. Understanding aggregation-based assays: nature of protein corona and number of epitopes on antigen matters. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12089b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we systematically examine how the nature of the protein corona on NPs, formed from either antibody or antigen, and how the number of binding sites or epitopes on the antigen affect aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Li Ling Yeo
- Nanomedicine & Nanorobotics Laboratory
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117575
| | - Anthony Jin Shun Chua
- Flavivirology Laboratory
- Department of Microbiology
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
- National University Health System
- National University of Singapore
| | - Krupakar Parthasarathy
- Flavivirology Laboratory
- Department of Microbiology
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
- National University Health System
- National University of Singapore
| | - Hui Yu Yeo
- Flavivirology Laboratory
- Department of Microbiology
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
- National University Health System
- National University of Singapore
| | - Mah Lee Ng
- Flavivirology Laboratory
- Department of Microbiology
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
- National University Health System
- National University of Singapore
| | - James Chen Yong Kah
- Nanomedicine & Nanorobotics Laboratory
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117575
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26
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Gokoglan TC, Soylemez S, Kesik M, Unay H, Sayin S, Yildiz HB, Cirpan A, Toppare L. A novel architecture based on a conducting polymer and calixarene derivative: its synthesis and biosensor construction. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03933a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
An amperometric biosensor based on a selenium comprising conducting polymer and newly synthesized calixarene derivative with gold nanoparticles was constructed for the detection of glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saniye Soylemez
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- Ankara 06800
- Turkey
| | - Melis Kesik
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- Ankara 06800
- Turkey
| | - Hande Unay
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology
- Middle East Technical University
- Ankara 06800
- Turkey
| | - Serkan Sayin
- Department of Material Science and Nanotechnology Engineering
- KTO Karatay University
- Konya 42020
- Turkey
| | - Huseyin Bekir Yildiz
- Department of Material Science and Nanotechnology Engineering
- KTO Karatay University
- Konya 42020
- Turkey
| | - Ali Cirpan
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- Ankara 06800
- Turkey
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology
| | - Levent Toppare
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- Ankara 06800
- Turkey
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology
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27
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Wang A, Vo T, Le V, Fitzkee NC. Using hydrogen-deuterium exchange to monitor protein structure in the presence of gold nanoparticles. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:14148-56. [PMID: 25265213 DOI: 10.1021/jp506506p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The potential applications of protein-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have motivated many studies characterizing protein-AuNP interactions. However, the lack of detailed structural information has hindered our ability to understand the mechanism of protein adsorption on AuNPs. In order to determine the structural perturbations that occur during adsorption, hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) of amide protons was measured for two proteins by NMR. Specifically, we measured both slow (5-300 min) and fast (10-500 ms) H/D exchange rates for GB3 and ubiquitin, two well-characterized proteins. Overall, amide exchange rates are very similar in the presence and absence of AuNPs, supporting a model where the adsorbed protein remains largely folded on the AuNP surface. Small differences in exchange rates are observed for several loop residues, suggesting that the secondary structure remains relatively rigid while loops and surface residues can experience perturbations upon binding. Strikingly, several of these residues are close to lysines, which supports a model where positive surface residues may interact favorably with AuNP-bound citrate. Because these proteins appear to remain folded on AuNP surfaces, these studies suggest that it may be possible to engineer functional AuNP-based nanoconjugates without the use of chemical linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University , Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
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28
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Kah JCY, Grabinski C, Untener E, Garrett C, Chen J, Zhu D, Hussain SM, Hamad-Schifferli K. Protein coronas on gold nanorods passivated with amphiphilic ligands affect cytotoxicity and cellular response to penicillin/streptomycin. ACS NANO 2014; 8:4608-4620. [PMID: 24758495 DOI: 10.1021/nn5002886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We probe how amphiphilic ligands (ALs) of four different types affect the formation of protein coronas on gold nanorods (NRs) and their impact on cellular response. NRs coated with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide were ligand exchanged with polyoxyethylene[10]cetyl ether, oligofectamine, and phosphatidylserine (PS). Protein coronas from equine serum (ES) were formed on these NR-ALs, and their colloidal stability, as well as cell uptake, proliferation, oxidative stress, and gene expression, were examined. We find that the protein corona that forms and its colloidal stability are affected by AL type and that the cellular response to these NR-AL-coronas (NR-AL-ES) is both ligand and corona dependent. We also find that the presence of common cell culture supplement penicillin/streptomycin can impact the colloidal stability and cellular response of NR-AL and NR-AL-ES, showing that the cell response is not necessarily inert to pen/strep when in the presence of nanoparticles. Although the protein corona is what the cells see, the underlying surface ligands evidently play an important role in shaping and defining the physical characteristics of the corona, which ultimately impacts the cellular response. Further, the results of this study suggest that the cellular behavior toward NR-AL is mediated by not only the type of AL and the protein corona it forms but also its resulting colloidal stability and interaction with cell culture supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Chen Yong Kah
- Department of Biological Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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29
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Ciaurriz P, Bravo E, Hamad-Schifferli K. Effect of architecture on the activity of glucose oxidase/horseradish peroxidase/carbon nanoparticle conjugates. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 414:73-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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He H, Xu X, Wu H, Zhai Y, Jin Y. In Situ Nanoplasmonic Probing of Enzymatic Activity of Monolayer-Confined Glucose Oxidase on Colloidal Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2013; 85:4546-53. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4001805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haili He
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical
Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin,
P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical
Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin,
P. R. China
| | - Haoxi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical
Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin,
P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Yujuan Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical
Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin,
P. R. China
| | - Yongdong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical
Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin,
P. R. China
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31
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Graphene oxide-induced conformation changes of glucose oxidase studied by infrared spectroscopy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 109:115-20. [PMID: 23624279 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of proteins on the surface of nanomaterials can induce changes in the structure and biological activity of the proteins. Although there have been a number of studies aimed at developing an understanding of the interactions of proteins with surfaces of nanomaterials, a detailed description of the actual state of the adsorbed proteins or the functional consequences of protein adsorption onto nanomaterials has yet to be reported. In this study, the conformation changes of glucose oxidase (GOx) induced by adsorption on graphene oxide (GO) sheets were investigated by quantitative second-derivative infrared analysis and two-dimensional infrared correlation spectroscopy (2D IR). The adsorption of GOx on GO sheets resulted in the conversion of α-helix to β-sheet structures and therefore led to substantial conformation changes of GOx, even the unfolding of the protein. These alterations in the conformation of GOx caused a significant decrease in the catalytic activity of the enzyme for glucose oxidation. This study demonstrates that nanomaterials can strongly influence the conformation and activity of adsorbed proteins. In addition to the importance of this effect in cases of the direct adsorption of proteins on nanomaterials, the results have implications for proteins adsorbed on materials with nanometer-scale surface roughness.
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32
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Sapsford KE, Algar WR, Berti L, Gemmill KB, Casey BJ, Oh E, Stewart MH, Medintz IL. Functionalizing nanoparticles with biological molecules: developing chemistries that facilitate nanotechnology. Chem Rev 2013; 113:1904-2074. [PMID: 23432378 DOI: 10.1021/cr300143v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 813] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim E Sapsford
- Division of Biology, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
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33
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Abstract
Nanoparticle-protein conjugates hold great promise in biomedical applications. Diverse strategies have been developed to link nanoparticles to proteins. This chapter describes a method to assemble and purify nanoparticle-protein conjugates. First, stable and biocompatible 1.5 nm gold nanoparticles are synthesized. Conjugation of the nanoparticle to the protein is then achieved via two different approaches that do not require heavy chemical modifications or cloning: cysteine-gold covalent bonding, or electrostatic attachment of the nanoparticle to charged groups of the protein. Co-functionalization of the nanoparticle with PEG thiols is recommended to help protein folding. Finally, structural characterization is performed with circular dichroism, as this spectroscopy technique has proven to be effective at examining protein secondary structure in nanoparticle-protein conjugates.
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