1
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Hooshanginejad A, Barotta JW, Spradlin V, Pucci G, Hunt R, Harris DM. Interactions and pattern formation in a macroscopic magnetocapillary SALR system of mermaid cereal. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5466. [PMID: 38937449 PMCID: PMC11211465 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
When particles are deposited at a fluid interface they tend to aggregate by capillary attraction to minimize the overall potential energy of the system. In this work, we embed floating millimetric disks with permanent magnets to introduce a competing repulsion effect and study their pattern formation in equilibrium. The pairwise energy landscape of two disks is described by a short-range attraction and long-range repulsion (SALR) interaction potential, previously documented in a number of microscopic condensed matter systems. Such competing interactions enable a variety of pairwise equilibrium states, including the possibility of a local minimum energy corresponding to a finite disk spacing. Two-dimensional (2D) experiments and simulations in confined geometries demonstrate that as the areal packing fraction is increased, the dilute repulsion-dominated lattice state becomes unstable to the spontaneous formation of localized clusters, which eventually merge into a system-spanning striped pattern. Finally, we demonstrate that the equilibrium pattern can be externally manipulated by the application of a supplemental vertical magnetic force that remotely enhances the effective capillary attraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Hooshanginejad
- Center for Fluid Mechanics, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jack-William Barotta
- Center for Fluid Mechanics, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Victoria Spradlin
- Center for Fluid Mechanics, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- The Wheeler School, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Giuseppe Pucci
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Nanotecnologia (CNR-NANOTEC), Via P. Bucci 33C, 87036, Rende, Italy
- Université Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) UMR 6251, FR35000, Rennes, France
| | - Robert Hunt
- Center for Fluid Mechanics, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Daniel M Harris
- Center for Fluid Mechanics, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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2
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Ma X, Nguyen NN, Nguyen AV. A review on quantifying the influence of lateral capillary interactions on the particle floatability and stability of particle-laden interfaces. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 307:102731. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Liu X, Lefever JA, Lee D, Zhang J, Carpick RW, Li J. Friction and Adhesion Govern Yielding of Disordered Nanoparticle Packings: A Multiscale Adhesive Discrete Element Method Study. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:7989-7997. [PMID: 34569799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that amorphous materials, from granular packings to atomic glasses, share multiple striking similarities, including a universal onset strain level for yield. This is despite vast differences in length scales and in the constituent particles' interactions. However, the nature of localized particle rearrangements is not well understood, and how local interactions affect overall performance remains unknown. Here, we introduce a multiscale adhesive discrete element method to simulate recent novel experiments of disordered nanoparticle packings indented and imaged with single nanoparticle resolution. The simulations exhibit multiple behaviors matching the experiments. By directly monitoring spatial rearrangements and interparticle bonding/debonding under the packing's surface, we uncover the mechanisms of the yielding and hardening phenomena observed in experiments. Interparticle friction and adhesion synergistically toughen the packings and retard plastic deformation. Moreover, plasticity can result from bond switching without particle rearrangements. These results furnish insights for understanding yielding in amorphous materials generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Liu
- Institute of Materials Modification and Modeling, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Materials Genome Initiative Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joel A Lefever
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Robert W Carpick
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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4
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Xiao H, Ivancic RJS, Durian DJ. Strain localization and failure of disordered particle rafts with tunable ductility during tensile deformation. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:8226-8236. [PMID: 32935714 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00839g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Quasi-static tensile experiments were performed for a model disordered solid consisting of a two-dimensional raft of polydisperse floating granular particles with capillary attractions. The ductility is tuned by controlling the capillary interaction range, which varies with the particle size. During the tensile tests, after an initial period of elastic deformation, strain localization occurs and leads to the formation of a shear band at which the pillar later fails. In this process, small particles with long-ranged interactions can endure large plastic deformation without forming significant voids, while large particles with short-range interactions fail dramatically by fracturing at small deformation. Particle-level structure was measured, and the strain-localized region was found to have higher structural anisotropy than the bulk. Local interactions between anisotropic sites and particle rearrangements were the main mechanisms driving strain localization and the subsequent failure, and significant differences of such interactions exist between ductile and brittle behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Xiao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Robert J S Ivancic
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Douglas J Durian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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5
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Ho I, Pucci G, Harris DM. Direct Measurement of Capillary Attraction between Floating Disks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:254502. [PMID: 31922794 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.254502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two bodies resting at a fluid interface may interact laterally due to the surface deformations they induce. Here we use an applied magnetic force to perform direct measurements of the capillary attraction force between centimetric disks floating at an air-water interface. We compare our measurements to numerical simulations that take into account the disk's vertical displacement and spontaneous tilt, showing that both effects are necessary to describe the attraction force for short distances. We characterize the dependence of the attraction force on the disk mass, diameter, and relative spacing, and develop a scaling law that captures the observed dependence of the capillary force on the experimental parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Ho
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Giuseppe Pucci
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes)-UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Daniel M Harris
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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6
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Harrington M, Liu AJ, Durian DJ. Machine learning characterization of structural defects in amorphous packings of dimers and ellipses. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:022903. [PMID: 30934296 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.022903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Structural defects within amorphous packings of symmetric particles can be characterized using a machine learning approach that incorporates structure functions of radial distances and angular arrangement. This yields a scalar field, softness, that correlates with the probability that a particle is about to be rearranged. However, when particle shapes are elongated, as in the case of dimers and ellipses, we find that the standard structure functions produce imprecise softness measurements. Moreover, ellipses exhibit deformation profiles in stark contrast to circular particles. In order to account for the effects of orientation and alignment, we introduce structure functions to recover the predictive performance of softness, as well as provide physical insight into local and extended dynamics. We study a model disordered solid, a bidisperse two-dimensional granular pillar, driven by uniaxial compression and composed entirely of monomers, dimers, or ellipses. We demonstrate how the computation of softness via a support vector machine extends to dimers and ellipses with the introduction of orientational structure functions. Then we highlight the spatial extent of rearrangements and defects, as well as their cross correlation, for each particle shape. Finally, we demonstrate how an additional machine learning algorithm, recursive feature elimination, provides an avenue to better understand how softness arises from particular structural aspects. We identify the most crucial structure functions in determining softness and discuss their physical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Harrington
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Andrea J Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Douglas J Durian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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7
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Giustiniani A, Weis S, Poulard C, Kamm PH, García-Moreno F, Schröter M, Drenckhan W. Skinny emulsions take on granular matter. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:7310-7323. [PMID: 30063061 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00830b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the structural features of foams and emulsions has advanced significantly over the last 20 years. However, with a search for "super-stable" liquid dispersions, foam and emulsion science employs increasingly complex formulations which create solid-like visco-elastic layers at the bubble/drop surfaces. These lead to elastic, adhesive and frictional forces between bubbles/drops, impacting strongly how they pack and deform against each other, asking for an adaptation of the currently available structural description. The possibility to modify systematically the interfacial properties makes these dispersions ideal systems for the exploration of soft granular materials with complex interactions. We present here a first systematic analysis of the structural features of such a system using a model silicone emulsion containing millimetre-sized polyethylene glycol drops (PEG). Solid-like drop surfaces are obtained by polymeric cross-linking reactions at the PEG-silicone interface. Using a novel droplet-micromanipulator, we highlight the presence of elastic, adhesive and frictional interactions between two drops. We then provide for the first time a full tomographic analysis of the structural features of these emulsions. An in-depth analysis of the angle of repose, local volume fraction distributions, pair correlation functions and the drop deformations for different skin formulations allow us to put in evidence the striking difference with "ordinary" emulsions having fluid-like drop surfaces. While strong analogies with frictional hard-sphere systems can be drawn, these systems display a set of unique features due to the high deformability of the drops which await systematic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Giustiniani
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
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8
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Cejas CM, Hough LA, Frétigny C, Dreyfus R. Effect of geometry on the dewetting of granular chains by evaporation. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:6994-7002. [PMID: 30095846 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01179f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding evaporation or drying in granular media still remains complex despite recent advancements. Evaporation depends on liquid transport across a connected film network from the bulk to the surface. In this study, we investigate the stability of film networks as a function of the geometry of granular chains of spherical grains. Using a controlled experimental approach, we vary the grain arrangement or packing and measure the height of the liquid film network during evaporation as packing shifts from loose-packed to close-packed arrangement. This height can be calculated from an equilibrium between hydrostatic pressure and the capillary pressure difference in the vertical film network. Following a simulation approach using Surface Evolver, we evaluate the pressure variation due to dewetting of the meniscus volume in the grains in both the percolating front and evaporating front within the two-phase zone of air/water mixture. Results show good agreement between model and experiment. We find that above a "critical" packing angle, the liquid continuity is broken and films connections fragment into separate, isolated capillary bridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare M Cejas
- Complex Assemblies of Soft Matter, CNRS-Solvay-UPenn UMI 3254, Bristol, PA 19007-3624, USA.
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9
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Cubuk ED, Ivancic RJS, Schoenholz SS, Strickland DJ, Basu A, Davidson ZS, Fontaine J, Hor JL, Huang YR, Jiang Y, Keim NC, Koshigan KD, Lefever JA, Liu T, Ma XG, Magagnosc DJ, Morrow E, Ortiz CP, Rieser JM, Shavit A, Still T, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Nordstrom KN, Arratia PE, Carpick RW, Durian DJ, Fakhraai Z, Jerolmack DJ, Lee D, Li J, Riggleman R, Turner KT, Yodh AG, Gianola DS, Liu AJ. Structure-property relationships from universal signatures of plasticity in disordered solids. Science 2018; 358:1033-1037. [PMID: 29170231 DOI: 10.1126/science.aai8830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
When deformed beyond their elastic limits, crystalline solids flow plastically via particle rearrangements localized around structural defects. Disordered solids also flow, but without obvious structural defects. We link structure to plasticity in disordered solids via a microscopic structural quantity, "softness," designed by machine learning to be maximally predictive of rearrangements. Experimental results and computations enabled us to measure the spatial correlations and strain response of softness, as well as two measures of plasticity: the size of rearrangements and the yield strain. All four quantities maintained remarkable commonality in their values for disordered packings of objects ranging from atoms to grains, spanning seven orders of magnitude in diameter and 13 orders of magnitude in elastic modulus. These commonalities link the spatial correlations and strain response of softness to rearrangement size and yield strain, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Cubuk
- Google Brain, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - R J S Ivancic
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - S S Schoenholz
- Google Brain, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - D J Strickland
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - A Basu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Z S Davidson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - J Fontaine
- Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systémes, École Centrale de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5513, Université de Lyon, 69134 Ecully Cedex, France
| | - J L Hor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Y-R Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Y Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - N C Keim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Physics Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - K D Koshigan
- Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systémes, École Centrale de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5513, Université de Lyon, 69134 Ecully Cedex, France
| | - J A Lefever
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - T Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - X-G Ma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Complex Assemblies of Soft Matter, CNRS-Solvay-UPenn UMI 3254, Bristol, PA 19007, USA
| | - D J Magagnosc
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E Morrow
- Department of Physics, Houghton College, Houghton, NY 14744, USA
| | - C P Ortiz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - J M Rieser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - A Shavit
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - T Still
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Y Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - K N Nordstrom
- Department of Physics, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA
| | - P E Arratia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - R W Carpick
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - D J Durian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Z Fakhraai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - D J Jerolmack
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - R Riggleman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - K T Turner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - A G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - D S Gianola
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - Andrea J Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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10
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Harrington M, Durian DJ. Anisotropic particles strengthen granular pillars under compression. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:012904. [PMID: 29448385 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.012904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We probe the effects of particle shape on the global and local behavior of a two-dimensional granular pillar, acting as a proxy for a disordered solid, under uniaxial compression. This geometry allows for direct measurement of global material response, as well as tracking of all individual particle trajectories. In general, drawing connections between local structure and local dynamics can be challenging in amorphous materials due to lower precision of atomic positions, so this study aims to elucidate such connections. We vary local interactions by using three different particle shapes: discrete circular grains (monomers), pairs of grains bonded together (dimers), and groups of three bonded in a triangle (trimers). We find that dimers substantially strengthen the pillar and the degree of this effect is determined by orientational order in the initial condition. In addition, while the three particle shapes form void regions at distinct rates, we find that anisotropies in the local amorphous structure remain robust through the definition of a metric that quantifies packing anisotropy. Finally, we highlight connections between local deformation rates and local structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Harrington
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Douglas J Durian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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11
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Anjali TG, Basavaraj MG. Shape-Induced Deformation, Capillary Bridging, and Self-Assembly of Cuboids at the Fluid-Fluid Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:791-801. [PMID: 28036182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The controlled assembly of anisotropic particles through shape-induced interface deformations is shown to be a potential route for the fabrication of novel functional materials. In this article, the shape-induced interface deformation, capillary bridging, and directed self-assembly of cuboidal-shaped hematite particles at fluid-fluid interfaces are reported. The multipolar nature of the interface distortions is directly visualized using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and 3D optical surface profiling. The nature of the interface deformations around cuboidal particles vary from monopolar to octupolar types depending on their orientation and position with respect to the interface. The deformations are of either hexapolar or octupolar type in the face-up orientation, quadrupolar or monopolar type in the edge-up orientation, and monopolar type in the vertex-up orientation. The particles adsorbed at the interface interact through the interface deformations, forming capillary bridges that lead to isolated assemblies of two or more particles. The arrangement of particles in any assembly is such that the condition for capillary attraction is satisfied, that is, in accordance with predictions based on the nature of interface deformations. At sufficient particle concentrations, these isolated structures interact to form a percolating network of cuboids. Furthermore, the difference in the nature of the assembly structures formed at the air-water interface and in the bulk water phase indicates that the interfacial assembly of these particles is controlled by the capillary interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thriveni G Anjali
- Polymer Engineering and Colloid Science (PECS) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Madivala G Basavaraj
- Polymer Engineering and Colloid Science (PECS) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600 036, India
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12
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Hemmerle A, Schröter M, Goehring L. A cohesive granular material with tunable elasticity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35650. [PMID: 27774988 PMCID: PMC5075937 DOI: 10.1038/srep35650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
By mixing glass beads with a curable polymer we create a well-defined cohesive granular medium, held together by solidified, and hence elastic, capillary bridges. This material has a geometry similar to a wet packing of beads, but with an additional control over the elasticity of the bonds holding the particles together. We show that its mechanical response can be varied over several orders of magnitude by adjusting the size and stiffness of the bridges, and the size of the particles. We also investigate its mechanism of failure under unconfined uniaxial compression in combination with in situ x-ray microtomography. We show that a broad linear-elastic regime ends at a limiting strain of about 8%, whatever the stiffness of the agglomerate, which corresponds to the beginning of shear failure. The possibility to finely tune the stiffness, size and shape of this simple material makes it an ideal model system for investigations on, for example, fracturing of porous rocks, seismology, or root growth in cohesive porous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Hemmerle
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Matthias Schröter
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, 91052, Germany
| | - Lucas Goehring
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
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13
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Li W, Rieser JM, Liu AJ, Durian DJ, Li J. Deformation-driven diffusion and plastic flow in amorphous granular pillars. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 91:062212. [PMID: 26172710 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.062212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a combined experimental and simulation study of deformation-induced diffusion in compacted quasi-two-dimensional amorphous granular pillars, in which thermal fluctuations play a negligible role. The pillars, consisting of bidisperse cylindrical acetal plastic particles standing upright on a substrate, are deformed uniaxially and quasistatically by a rigid bar moving at a constant speed. The plastic flow and particle rearrangements in the pillars are characterized by computing the best-fit affine transformation strain and nonaffine displacement associated with each particle between two stages of deformation. The nonaffine displacement exhibits exponential crossover from ballistic to diffusive behavior with respect to the cumulative deviatoric strain, indicating that in athermal granular packings, the cumulative deviatoric strain plays the role of time in thermal systems and drives effective particle diffusion. We further study the size-dependent deformation of the granular pillars by simulation, and find that different-sized pillars follow self-similar shape evolution during deformation. In addition, the yield stress of the pillars increases linearly with pillar size. Formation of transient shear lines in the pillars during deformation becomes more evident as pillar size increases. The width of these elementary shear bands is about twice the diameter of a particle, and does not vary with pillar size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jennifer M Rieser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Andrea J Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Douglas J Durian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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