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Samanta A, Huang W, Chaudhry H, Wang Q, Shaw SK, Ding H. Design of Chemical Surface Treatment for Laser-Textured Metal Alloys to Achieve Extreme Wetting Behavior. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:18032-18045. [PMID: 32208599 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Extreme wetting activities of laser-textured metal alloys have received significant interest due to their superior performance in a wide range of commercial applications and fundamental research studies. Fundamentally, extreme wettability of structured metal alloys depends on both the surface structure and surface chemistry. However, compared with the generation of physical topology on the surface, the role of surface chemistry is less explored for the laser texturing processes of metal alloys to tune the wettability. This work introduces a systematic design approach to modify the surface chemistry of laser textured metal alloys to achieve various extreme wettabilities, including superhydrophobicity/superoleophobicity, superhydrophilicity/superoleophilicity, and coexistence of superoleophobicity and superhydrophilicity. Microscale trenches are first created on the aluminum alloy 6061 surfaces by nanosecond pulse laser surface texturing. Subsequently, the textured surface is immersion-treated in several chemical solutions to attach target functional groups on the surface to achieve the final extreme wettability. Anchoring fluorinated groups (-CF2- and -CF3) with very low dispersive and nondispersive surface energy leads to superoleophobicity and superhydrophobicity, resulting in repelling both water and diiodomethane. Attachment of the polar nitrile (-C≡N) group with very high nondispersive and high dispersive surface energy achieves superhydrophilicity and superoleophilicity by drawing water and diiodomethane molecules in the laser-textured capillaries. At last, anchoring fluorinated groups (-CF2- and -CF3) and polar sodium carboxylate (-COONa) together leads to very low dispersive and very high nondispersive surface energy components. It results in the coexistence of superoleophobicity and superhydrophilicity, where the treated surface attracts water but repels diiodomethane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avik Samanta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Wuji Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Hassan Chaudhry
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Scott K Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Hongtao Ding
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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Sizov AS, Agina EV, Ponomarenko SA. Self-assembled interface monolayers for organic and hybrid electronics. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Maoz R, Berson J, Burshtain D, Nelson P, Zinger A, Bitton O, Sagiv J. Interfacial Electron Beam Lithography: Chemical Monolayer Nanopatterning via Electron-Beam-Induced Interfacial Solid-Phase Oxidation. ACS NANO 2018; 12:9680-9692. [PMID: 30215511 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemical nanopatterning-the deliberate nanoscale modification of the chemical nature of a solid surface-is conveniently realized using organic monolayer coatings to impart well-defined chemical functionalities to selected surface regions of the coated solid. Most monolayer patterning methods, however, exploit destructive processes that introduce topographic as well as other undesired structural and chemical transformations along with the desired surface chemical modification. In particular in electron beam lithography (EBL), organic monolayers have been used mainly as ultrathin resists capable of improving the resolution of patterning via local deposition or removal of material. On the basis of the recent discovery of a class of radiation-induced interfacial chemical transformations confined to the contact surface between two solids, we have advanced a direct, nondestructive EBL approach to chemical nanopatterning-interfacial electron beam lithography (IEBL)-demonstrated here by the e-beam-induced local oxidation of the -CH3 surface moieties of a highly ordered self-assembled n-alkylsilane monolayer to -COOH while fully preserving the monolayer structural integrity and molecular organization. In this conceptually different EBL process, the traditional resist is replaced by a thin film coating that acts as a site-activated reagent/catalyst in the chemical modification of the coated surface, here the top surface of the to-be-patterned monolayer. Structural and chemical transformations induced in the thin film coating and the underlying monolayer upon exposure to the electron beam were elucidated using a semiquantitative surface characterization methodology that combines multimode AFM imaging with postpatterning surface chemical modifications and quantitative micro-FTIR measurements. IEBL offers attractive opportunities in chemical nanopatterning, for example, by enabling the application of the advanced EBL technology to the straightforward nanoscale functionalization of the simplest commonly used organosilane monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rivka Maoz
- Department of Materials and Interfaces , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
| | - Jonathan Berson
- Department of Materials and Interfaces , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
| | - Doron Burshtain
- Department of Materials and Interfaces , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
| | - Peter Nelson
- Department of Materials and Interfaces , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
| | - Ariel Zinger
- Department of Materials and Interfaces , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
| | - Ora Bitton
- Department of Chemical Research Support , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
| | - Jacob Sagiv
- Department of Materials and Interfaces , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
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Brasjen B, Wedershoven H, van Cuijk A, Darhuber A. Dip- and die-coating of hydrophilic squares on flat, hydrophobic substrates. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhao J, Swartz LA, Lin WF, Schlenoff PS, Frommer J, Schlenoff JB, Liu GY. Three-Dimensional Nanoprinting via Scanning Probe Lithography-Delivered Layer-by-Layer Deposition. ACS NANO 2016; 10:5656-5662. [PMID: 27203853 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been a very active area of research and development due to its capability to produce 3D objects by design. Miniaturization and improvement of spatial resolution are major challenges in current 3D printing technology development. This work reports advances in miniaturizing 3D printing to the nanometer scale using scanning probe microscopy in conjunction with local material delivery. Using polyelectrolyte polymers and complexes, we have demonstrated the concept of layer-by-layer nanoprinting by design. Nanometer precision is achieved in all three dimensions, as well as in interlayer registry. The approach enables production of designed functional 3D materials with nanometer resolution and, as such, creates a platform for conducting scientific research in designed 3D nanoenvironments as well. In doing so, it enables production of nanomaterials and scaffolds for photonics devices, biomedicine, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jane Frommer
- IBM Almaden Research Center , 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Joseph B Schlenoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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Lessel M, Bäumchen O, Klos M, Hähl H, Fetzer R, Paulus M, Seemann R, Jacobs K. Self‐assembled silane monolayers: an efficient step‐by‐step recipe for high‐quality, low energy surfaces. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Lessel
- Saarland UniversityExperimental Physics Saarbrücken D‐66041 Germany
| | - O. Bäumchen
- Saarland UniversityExperimental Physics Saarbrücken D‐66041 Germany
| | - M. Klos
- Saarland UniversityExperimental Physics Saarbrücken D‐66041 Germany
| | - H. Hähl
- Saarland UniversityExperimental Physics Saarbrücken D‐66041 Germany
| | - R. Fetzer
- Saarland UniversityExperimental Physics Saarbrücken D‐66041 Germany
| | - M. Paulus
- TU DortmundFakultät Physik / DELTA Dortmund D‐44221 Germany
| | - R. Seemann
- Saarland UniversityExperimental Physics Saarbrücken D‐66041 Germany
| | - K. Jacobs
- Saarland UniversityExperimental Physics Saarbrücken D‐66041 Germany
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Pujari SP, Scheres L, Marcelis ATM, Zuilhof H. Covalent Surface Modification of Oxide Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:6322-56. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201306709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 583] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidharam P. Pujari
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 26, 6703 HB Wageningen (The Netherlands)
| | - Luc Scheres
- Surfix B.V. Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen (The Netherlands)
| | - Antonius T. M. Marcelis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 26, 6703 HB Wageningen (The Netherlands)
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 26, 6703 HB Wageningen (The Netherlands)
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah (Saudi Arabia)
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Pujari SP, Scheres L, Marcelis ATM, Zuilhof H. Kovalente Oberflächenmodifikationen von Oxiden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201306709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidharam P. Pujari
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 26, 6703 HB Wageningen (Niederlande)
| | | | - Antonius T. M. Marcelis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 26, 6703 HB Wageningen (Niederlande)
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 26, 6703 HB Wageningen (Niederlande)
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah (Saudi‐Arabien)
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Liu G, Zhou Y, Banga RS, Boya R, Brown KA, Chipre AJ, Nguyen ST, Mirkin CA. The role of viscosity on polymer ink transport in dip-pen nanolithography. Chem Sci 2013; 4:2093-2099. [PMID: 23641313 PMCID: PMC3638971 DOI: 10.1039/c3sc50423a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how ink transfers to a surface in dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) is crucial for designing new ink materials and developing the processes to pattern them. Herein, we investigate the transport of block copolymer inks with varying viscosities, from an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip to a substrate. The size of the patterned block copolymer features was determined to increase with dwell time and decrease with ink viscosity. A mass transfer model is proposed to describe this behaviour, which is fundamentally different from small molecule transport mechanisms due to entanglement of the polymeric chains. The fundamental understanding developed here provides mechanistic insight into the transport of large polymer molecules, and highlights the importance of ink viscosity in controlling the DPN process. Given the ubiquity of polymeric materials in semiconducting nanofabrication, organic electronics, and bioengineering applications, this study could provide an avenue for DPN to expand its role in these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Resham S. Banga
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Radha Boya
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Keith A. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Anthony J. Chipre
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - SonBinh T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
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Radha B, Liu G, Eichelsdoerfer DJ, Kulkarni GU, Mirkin CA. Layer-by-layer assembly of a metallomesogen by dip-pen nanolithography. ACS NANO 2013; 7:2602-2609. [PMID: 23402390 DOI: 10.1021/nn306013e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Palladium alkanethiolates are introduced here as a novel liquid ink for dip-pen nanolithography (DPN). These structures exhibit the unusual characteristic of layer-by-layer assembly, allowing one to deposit a desired number of metal ions on a surface, which can subsequently be reduced via thermolysis to form active catalytic structures. Such structures have been used to generate contiguous metallic or conducting polymer nanoscale architectures by electroless deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boya Radha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Druzhinina TS, Hoeppener S, Schubert US. New design concepts for the fabrication of nanometric gap structures: electrochemical oxidation of OTS mono- and bilayer structures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:852-857. [PMID: 22228708 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201101842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara S Druzhinina
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanoscience, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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12
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Berson J, Zeira A, Maoz R, Sagiv J. Parallel- and serial-contact electrochemical metallization of monolayer nanopatterns: A versatile synthetic tool en route to bottom-up assembly of electric nanocircuits. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 3:134-143. [PMID: 22428104 PMCID: PMC3304318 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.3.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Contact electrochemical transfer of silver from a metal-film stamp (parallel process) or a metal-coated scanning probe (serial process) is demonstrated to allow site-selective metallization of monolayer template patterns of any desired shape and size created by constructive nanolithography. The precise nanoscale control of metal delivery to predefined surface sites, achieved as a result of the selective affinity of the monolayer template for electrochemically generated metal ions, provides a versatile synthetic tool en route to the bottom-up assembly of electric nanocircuits. These findings offer direct experimental support to the view that, in electrochemical metal deposition, charge is carried across the electrode-solution interface by ion migration to the electrode rather than by electron transfer to hydrated ions in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Berson
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Assaf Zeira
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Rivka Maoz
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jacob Sagiv
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Zhang X, Cai Y. Octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)-coated ionic liquid drops: Micro-reactors for homogenous catalytic reactions at designated interfaces. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 3:33-9. [PMID: 22428094 PMCID: PMC3304328 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) can assemble on prefabricated carboxylic acid-terminated chemical patterns on octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) film. The chemical pattern controls the position, shape and size of the IL on the surface. After the IL assembly - by incubating IL drops assembled on sample surface in an OTS silane vapor - an OTS layer was coated on the IL drop surface which encapsulated the IL drop. The OTS-coated capsule can exist stably under aqueous solution. The OTS coating protected the IL drops from being instantaneously dissolved by other solutions. We found that a homogenous catalyst (FeCl(3)) dissolved in [Bmim]Cl can be assembled together on the chemical patterns and subsequently encapsulated together with [Bmim]Cl by OTS coating. The pinhole defects within the vapor-coated silane layer provide space for the catalyst inside the capsule and reactants outside the capsule to meet and react. When the OTS-coated capsule containing a FeCl(3)/IL mixture was soaked under H(2)O(2) solution, the Fe(3+) ions catalyzed the decomposition reaction of hydrogen peroxide at the vapor-coated OTS-water interface. Since the shape and position of the interface is defined by the underneath chemical pattern, our findings show that the OTS-coated IL drops assembled on chemical patterns can be used as novel micro-reactors. This allows homogenous catalytic reactions to occur at the designated interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Yuguang Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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Yamaguchi M, Ikeda K, Suzuki M, Kiyohara A, Kudoh SN, Shimizu K, Taira T, Ito D, Uchida T, Gohara K. Cell patterning using a template of microstructured organosilane layer fabricated by vacuum ultraviolet light lithography. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:12521-12532. [PMID: 21899360 DOI: 10.1021/la202904g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Micropatterning techniques have become increasingly important in cellular biology. Cell patterning is achieved by various methods. Photolithography is one of the most popular methods, and several light sources (e.g., excimer lasers and mercury lamps) are used for that purpose. Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light that can be produced by an excimer lamp is advantageous for fabricating material patterns, since it can decompose organic materials directly and efficiently without photoresist or photosensitive materials. Despite the advantages, applications of VUV light to pattern biological materials are few. We have investigated cell patterning by using a template of a microstructured organosilane layer fabricated by VUV lithography. We first made a template of a microstructured organosilane layer by VUV lithography. Cell adhesive materials (poly(d-lysine) and polyethyleneimine) were chemically immobilized on the organosilane template, producing a cell adhesive material pattern. Primary rat cardiac and neuronal cells were successfully patterned by culturing them on the pattern substrate. Long-term culturing was attained for up to two weeks for cardiac cells and two months for cortex cells. We have discussed the reproducibility of cell patterning and made suggestions to improve it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munehiro Yamaguchi
- Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1, Tsukisamu-Higashi, Sapporo, 062-8517 Japan
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Trajkovic S, Zhang X, Daunert S, Cai Y. Atomic force microscopy study of the conformational change in immobilized calmodulin. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:10793-10799. [PMID: 21766850 PMCID: PMC3164926 DOI: 10.1021/la2016885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining the biological functionality of immobilized proteins is the key to the success of numerous protein-based biomedical devices. To that end, we studied the conformational change in calmodulin (CaM) immobilized on chemical patterns. 1-Cysteine-mutated calmodulin was immobilized on a mercapto-terminated surface through cysteine-Hg-mercapto coupling. Utilizing atomic force microscopy (AFM), the average height of immobilized calmodulin was determined to be 1.87 ± 0.19 nm. After incubation in EGTA solution, the average height of the protein changed to 2.26 ± 0.21 nm, indicating the conformational change of CaM to Apo-CaM. Immobilized CaM also demonstrated a conformational change upon the reaction with known calmodulin antagonist chlorpromazine (CPZ). After incubation in CPZ solution, the average height of CPZ-bound CaM increased to 2.32 ± 0.20 nm, demonstrating that immobilized CaM has a similar response to that in bulk solution. These results show that the immobilization of calmodulin on a solid support does not interfere with the ability of the protein to bind calcium and calmodulin antagonists. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of employing AFM to probe and understand protein conformational changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Trajkovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
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Zeira A, Berson J, Feldman I, Maoz R, Sagiv J. A bipolar electrochemical approach to constructive lithography: metal/monolayer patterns via consecutive site-defined oxidation and reduction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:8562-8575. [PMID: 21661737 DOI: 10.1021/la2009946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Experimental evidence is presented, demonstrating the feasibility of a surface-patterning strategy that allows stepwise electrochemical generation and subsequent in situ metallization of patterns of carboxylic acid functions on the outer surfaces of highly ordered OTS monolayers assembled on silicon or on a flexible polymeric substrate. The patterning process can be implemented serially with scanning probes, which is shown to allow nanoscale patterning, or in a parallel stamping configuration here demonstrated on micrometric length scales with granular metal film stamps sandwiched between two monolayer-coated substrates. The metal film, consisting of silver deposited by evaporation through a patterned contact mask on the surface of one of the organic monolayers, functions as both a cathode in the printing of the monolayer patterns and an anodic source of metal in their subsequent metallization. An ultrathin water layer adsorbed on the metal grains by capillary condensation from a humid atmosphere plays the double role of electrolyte and a source of oxidizing species in the pattern printing process. It is shown that control over both the direction of pattern printing and metal transfer to one of the two monolayer surfaces can be accomplished by simple switching of the polarity of the applied voltage bias. Thus, the patterned metal film functions as a consumable "floating" stamp capable of two-way (forward-backward) electrochemical transfer of both information and matter between the contacting monolayer surfaces involved in the process. This rather unusual electrochemical behavior, resembling the electrochemical switching in nanoionic devices based on the transport of ions in solid ionic-electronic conductors, is derived from the nanoscale thickness of the water layer acting as an electrolyte and the bipolar (cathodic-anodic) nature of the water-coated metal grains in the metal film. The floating stamp concept introduced in this report paves the way to a series of unprecedented capabilities in surface patterning, which are particularly relevant to nanofabrication by chemical means and the engineering of a new class of molecular nanoionic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Zeira
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Lu L, Cai Y. Molecular tilting and its impact on frictional properties of n-alkane self-assembled monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:5953-5960. [PMID: 21488616 DOI: 10.1021/la105072x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobic, methyl-terminated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surfaces can be used to reduce friction. Among methyl-terminated SAMs, the frictional properties of alkanethiol SAMs and silane SAMs have been well-studied. In this research, we investigated friction of methyl-terminated n-hexatriacontane (C36) SAM and compared its friction properties with the alkanethiol and silane SAMs. Alkane SAM does not have an anchoring group. The alkane molecules stand on the surface by physical adsorption, which leads to a higher surface mobility of alkane molecules. We found that C36 SAM has a higher coefficient of friction than that of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) silane. When an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip was swiped across the alkane SAM with a loading force, we found that the alkane SAM can withstand the tip loading pressure up to 0.48 GPa. Between 0.48 and 0.49Ga, the AFM tip partially penetrated the SAM. When the tip moved away, the deformed SAM healed and maintained the structural integrity. When the loading pressure was higher than 0.49 GPa, the alkane SAM was shaved into small pieces by the tip. In addition, we found that the molecular tilting of C36 molecules interacted with the tribological properties of the alkane SAM surface. On one hand, a higher loading force can push the rod-like alkane molecules to a higher tilting angle; on the other hand, a higher molecular tilting leads to a lower friction surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbo Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
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Fabiano S, Pignataro B. Engineering 3D ordered molecular thin films by nanoscale control. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:14848-60. [PMID: 20949210 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01012j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This perspective aims to report on experimental preparation and investigation tools for engineering molecular thin films with a three-dimensional (3D) nanoscale control that is of relevant interest for different emerging applications as well as for the development of calibration standards. Such thin films may be obtained by man-made methods, self-assembly or spatio-temporal self-organization and/or by the combination of these last approaches with external tools. Understanding the main features and the physical-chemistry underlying the related ordering phenomena is in due course and a theoretical framework is under development. In this respect it is of fundamental importance to achieve the ability to get 3D structural images with a nanoscale detail. This issue is at the early stage and novel techniques like electron tomography and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy are very promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Fabiano
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica, Università degli studi di Palermo, V. le delle Scienze - Parco D'Orleans II, ed. 17-90128 Palermo, Italy
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Kaminker R, Motiei L, Gulino A, Fragalà I, Shimon LJW, Evmenenko G, Dutta P, Iron MA, van der Boom ME. Stepwise Assembly of Coordination-Based Metal−Organic Networks. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:14554-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ja105518n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Revital Kaminker
- Departments of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Catania 95125, Italy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Leila Motiei
- Departments of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Catania 95125, Italy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Antonino Gulino
- Departments of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Catania 95125, Italy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Ignazio Fragalà
- Departments of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Catania 95125, Italy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Linda J. W. Shimon
- Departments of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Catania 95125, Italy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Guennadi Evmenenko
- Departments of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Catania 95125, Italy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Pulak Dutta
- Departments of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Catania 95125, Italy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Mark A. Iron
- Departments of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Catania 95125, Italy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Milko E. van der Boom
- Departments of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Catania 95125, Italy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
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Herzer N, Hoeppener S, Schubert US. Fabrication of patterned silane based self-assembled monolayers by photolithography and surface reactions on silicon-oxide substrates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:5634-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc00674b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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