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Kareem YG, Rachid S, Al-Jaf O. Synthesis and characterization of novel poly cysteine methacrylate nanoparticles and their morphology and size studies. RSC Adv 2024; 14:13474-13481. [PMID: 38665499 PMCID: PMC11044863 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00067f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymer nanoparticles (PNPs) have significantly advanced the field of biomedicine, showcasing the remarkable potential for precise drug delivery, administration of nutraceuticals, diagnostics/imaging applications, and the fabrication of biocompatible materials, among other uses. Despite these promising developments, the invention faces notable challenges related to biodegradability, bioactivity, target-site specificity, particle size, carrier efficiency, and controlled release. Addressing these concerns is essential for optimizing the functionality and impact of PNPs in biomedical applications. Here, new poly cysteine methacrylate nanoparticles (PCMANPs), ca. (200 nm) in size have been synthesized from the cysteine methacrylate (CysMA) monomer using different strategies, including emulsion and inverse emulsion polymerization techniques. The monomer was synthesized using the Michael addition reaction, involving the addition of 3-(acryloyloxy)-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate to the sulfhydryl group (-SH) of the cysteine (Cys) active site, with the aid of dimethyl phenyl phosphine (DMPP) as a nucleophilic agent as previously reported. To enhance nano-polymerization, a thorough exploration of various initiators, including ammonium persulfate (APS) and 4,4'-azobis (4-cyanovaleric acid) (ACVA), alongside surfactants, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), was conducted. Additionally, critical parameters, such as reaction time, temperature, and solvents, were systematically investigated due to their substantial influence on the shape, size, stability, and morphology of the synthesized polymer nanoparticles. This comprehensive approach aims to optimize the synthesis process, ensuring precise control over the key characteristics of the resulting nanoparticles for enhanced performance in diverse applications. Various characterization techniques, including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential, and zeta sizer dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis, were utilized to investigate purity, morphology, and particle size of the PNPs. As a result, a spherical, monodispersed (homogenized), and stable PCMANP with defined size and morphology was achieved. This may exhibit a remarkable achievement in the future of drug delivery systems and therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen G Kareem
- Charmo Center for Research, Training, and Consultancy, Charmo University Chamchamal, Kurdistan Region 46023 Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Science, Komar University for Science and Technology Sulaymaniah, Kurdistan Region 46001 Iraq
| | - Shwan Rachid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Science, Charmo University Chamchamal, Kurdistan Region 46023 Iraq
| | - O Al-Jaf
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Charmo University Chamchamal, Kurdistan Region 46023 Iraq
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2
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Synthesis and self-assembly of optically active random copolymers bearing L-alanine and L-glutamic acid moieties in aqueous medium. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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3
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Biswas CS, Biswas A, Galluzzi M, Shekh MI, Wang Q, Ray B, Maiti P, Stadler FJ. Synthesis and characterization of novel amphiphilic biocompatible block-copolymers of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-poly(l-phenylalanine methyl ester) by RAFT polymerization. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Brisson ERL, Xiao Z, Connal LA. Amino Acid Functional Polymers: Biomimetic Polymer Design Enabling Catalysis, Chiral Materials, and Drug Delivery. Aust J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/ch16028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids are the natural building blocks for the world around us. Highly functional, these small molecules have unique catalytic properties, chirality, and biocompatibility. Imparting these properties to surfaces and other macromolecules is highly sought after and represents a fast-growing field. Polymers functionalized with amino acids in the side chains have tunable optical properties, pH responsiveness, biocompatibility, structure and self-assembly properties. Herein, we review the synthesis of amino acid functional polymers, discuss manipulation of available strategies to achieve the desired responsive materials, and summarize some exciting applications in catalysis, chiral particles, and drug delivery.
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Bauri K, Roy SG, De P. Side-Chain Amino-Acid-Derived Cationic Chiral Polymers by Controlled Radical Polymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Bauri
- Polymer Research Centre; Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur; 741246 Nadia West Bengal India
| | - Saswati Ghosh Roy
- Polymer Research Centre; Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur; 741246 Nadia West Bengal India
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Polymer Research Centre; Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur; 741246 Nadia West Bengal India
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Ladmiral V, Charlot A, Semsarilar M, Armes SP. Synthesis and characterization of poly(amino acid methacrylate)-stabilized diblock copolymer nano-objects. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01556h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Two amino acid methacrylates prepared via Michael addition are used as building blocks to prepare novel diblock copolymer nano-objects via polymerisation-induced self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Ladmiral
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier (UMR 5253
- CNRS-UM2-ENSCM-UM1) ENSCM
- 34296 Montpellier
- France
| | | | - Mona Semsarilar
- Institut Européen des Membranes (UMR 5635
- ENSCM-CNRS-UM2)
- Université Montpellier 2
- 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05
- France
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7
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Raczkowska J, Ohar M, Stetsyshyn Y, Zemła J, Awsiuk K, Rysz J, Fornal K, Bernasik A, Ohar H, Fedorova S, Shtapenko O, Polovkovych S, Novikov V, Budkowski A. Temperature-responsive peptide-mimetic coating based on poly(N-methacryloyl-l-leucine): properties, protein adsorption and cell growth. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 118:270-9. [PMID: 24780433 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Poly(N-methacryloyl-l-leucine) (PNML) coatings were successfully fabricated via polymerization from peroxide initiator grafted to premodified glass substrate. Chemical composition and thickness of PNML coatings were determined using time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF- SIMS) and ellipsometry, respectively. PNML coatings exhibit thermal response of the wettability, between 4 and 28°C, which indicates a transition between hydrated loose coils and hydrophobic collapsed chains. Morphology of the PNML coating was observed with the AFM, transforming with increasing temperature from initially relatively smooth surface to rough and more structured surface. Protein adsorption observed by fluorescence microscopy for model proteins (bovine serum albumin and lentil lectin labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate) at transition from 5 to 25°C, showed high affinity of PNML coating to proteins at all investigated temperatures and pH. Thus, PNML coating have significant potential for medical and biotechnological applications as protein capture agents or functional replacements of antibodies ("plastic antibodies"). The high proliferation growth of the human embryonic kidney cell (HEK 293) onto PNML coating was demonstrated, indicating its excellent cytocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Raczkowska
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Reymonta 4, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Mariya Ohar
- "Lvivska Polytechnika" National University, S. Bandery 12, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Yurij Stetsyshyn
- "Lvivska Polytechnika" National University, S. Bandery 12, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine.
| | - Joanna Zemła
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Reymonta 4, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Awsiuk
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Reymonta 4, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Rysz
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Reymonta 4, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Fornal
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Reymonta 4, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bernasik
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Halyna Ohar
- "Lvivska Polytechnika" National University, S. Bandery 12, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Svitlana Fedorova
- Institute of Animal Biology, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukrainian, Vasyl' Stus Str. 38, 79034 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Shtapenko
- Institute of Animal Biology, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukrainian, Vasyl' Stus Str. 38, 79034 Lviv, Ukraine
| | | | - Volodymyr Novikov
- "Lvivska Polytechnika" National University, S. Bandery 12, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Andrzej Budkowski
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Reymonta 4, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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Cha HR, Babu VR, Rao KK, Kim YH, Mei S, Joo WH, Lee YI. Fabrication of Amino Acid Based Silver Nanocomposite Hydrogels from PVA- Poly(Acrylamide-co-Acryloyl phenylalanine) and Their Antimicrobial Studies. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.10.3191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Mori H, Endo T. Amino-Acid-Based Block Copolymers by RAFT Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:1090-107. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Buruiana EC, Zamfir M, Melinte V, Buruiana T. Photo-polymers Containing (S)-Phenylalanine and Stilbene Pendants: Synthesis and Properties of Ionic Polyacrylates. Des Monomers Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1163/138577209x12591392377694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emil C. Buruiana
- a Photochemistry Department, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania;,
| | - Mirela Zamfir
- b Photochemistry Department, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Violeta Melinte
- c Photochemistry Department, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Tinca Buruiana
- d Photochemistry Department, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
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Mallakpour S, Dinari M. Progress in Synthetic Polymers Based on Natural Amino Acids. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2011.586289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Kinetic Studies and Mechanism of Hydrogen Peroxide Catalytic Decomposition by Cu(II) Complexes with Polyelectrolytes Derived from L-Alanine and Glycylglycine. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20721280 PMCID: PMC2913805 DOI: 10.1155/2010/643120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by Cu(II) complexes with polymers bearing L-alanine (PAla) and glycylglycine (PGlygly) in their side chain was studied in alkaline aqueous media. The reactions were of pseudo-first order with respect to [H2O2] and [L-Cu(II)] (L stands for PAla or PGlygly) and the reaction rate was increased with pH increase. The energies of activation for the reactions were determined at pH 8.8, in a temperature range of 293–308 K. A suitable mechanism is proposed to account for the kinetic data, which involves the Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox pair, as has been demonstrated by ESR spectroscopy. The trend in catalytic efficiency is in the order PGlygly>PAla, due to differences in modes of complexation and in the conformation of the macromolecular ligands.
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13
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O'Reilly RK. Using controlled radical polymerisation techniques for the synthesis of functional polymers containing amino acid moieties. POLYM INT 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Oertel U, Komber H, Tenkovtsev AV, Dudkina MM, Trofimov AE, Böhme F. Ionic pseudopolyrotaxanes bearing a chromophore in the side chain – A spectroscopic study in water. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Lotti L, Coiai S, Ciardelli F, Galimberti M, Passaglia E. Thiol-Ene Radical Addition of L
-Cysteine Derivatives to Low Molecular Weight Polybutadiene. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200900164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Dutta P, Dey J, Ghosh G, Nayak RR. Self-association and microenvironment of random amphiphilic copolymers of sodium N-acryloyl-l-valinate and N-dodecylacrylamide in aqueous solution. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Interaction of cyclodextrins with side chains of water soluble polymers: A simple model for biological molecular recognition and its utilization for stimuli-responsive systems. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Hashidzume A, Harada A. Macromolecular recognition by cyclodextrins. Interaction of cyclodextrins with polymethacrylamides bearing hydrophobic amino acid residues. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Mori H, Sutoh K, Endo T. Controlled Radical Polymerization of an Acrylamide Containing l-Phenylalanine Moiety via RAFT. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0509558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideharu Mori
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Sutoh
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
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Casolaro M, Paccagnini E, Mendichi R, Ito Y. Stimuli-Responsive Polymers Based on l-Phenylalanine Residues: Protonation Thermodynamics of Free Polymers and Cross-Linked Hydrogels. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma047652i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Casolaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche e dei Biosistemi, and Dipartimento di Biologia Evolutiva, Via Aldo Moro, Università degli Studi di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy, Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (CNR), via E.Bassini 15, I-20133 Milano, Italy, and Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, KSP East 309, Sakado 3-2-1, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012 and RIKEN, (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Eugenio Paccagnini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche e dei Biosistemi, and Dipartimento di Biologia Evolutiva, Via Aldo Moro, Università degli Studi di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy, Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (CNR), via E.Bassini 15, I-20133 Milano, Italy, and Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, KSP East 309, Sakado 3-2-1, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012 and RIKEN, (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Raniero Mendichi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche e dei Biosistemi, and Dipartimento di Biologia Evolutiva, Via Aldo Moro, Università degli Studi di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy, Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (CNR), via E.Bassini 15, I-20133 Milano, Italy, and Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, KSP East 309, Sakado 3-2-1, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012 and RIKEN, (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche e dei Biosistemi, and Dipartimento di Biologia Evolutiva, Via Aldo Moro, Università degli Studi di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy, Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (CNR), via E.Bassini 15, I-20133 Milano, Italy, and Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, KSP East 309, Sakado 3-2-1, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012 and RIKEN, (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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21
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Hashidzume A, Harada A. Steady-state fluorescence and NMR study on self-association behavior of poly(methacrylamides) bearing hydrophobic amino acid residues. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Deng J, Tabei J, Shiotsuki M, Sanda F, Masuda T. Variation of Helical Pitches Driven by the Composition of N-Propargylamide Copolymers. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma048177r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Deng
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Junichi Tabei
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masashi Shiotsuki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Fumio Sanda
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Toshio Masuda
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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23
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Bourke SL, Kohn J. Polymers derived from the amino acid L-tyrosine: polycarbonates, polyarylates and copolymers with poly(ethylene glycol). Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2003; 55:447-66. [PMID: 12706045 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-409x(03)00038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The natural amino acid L-tyrosine is a major nutrient having a phenolic hydroxyl group. This feature makes it possible to use derivatives of tyrosine dipeptide as a motif to generate diphenolic monomers, which are important building blocks for the design of biodegradable polymers. Particularly useful monomers are desaminotyrosyl-tyrosine alkyl esters (abbreviated as DTR, where R stands for the specific alkyl ester used). Using this approach, a wide variety of polymers have been synthesized. Here, tyrosine-derived polycarbonates, polyarylates, and polyethers are reviewed with special emphasis on recent developments relating to cellular and in vivo responses, sterilization techniques, surface characterization, drug delivery, and processing and fabrication techniques. The commercial development of tyrosine-derived polycarbonates is most advanced, with one polymer, poly(DTE carbonate) (E=ethyl), being under review by the USA Federal Drug Administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Bourke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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24
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Methenitis C, Morcellet J, Pneumatikakis G, Morcellet M. Copper coordination by polymers with glycylglycine, phenylalanine or methionine in the side chain: potentiometric and viscosimetric study. Eur Polym J 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0014-3057(02)00299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Samui AB, Ratna D, Chavan JG, Deb PC. Modification of epoxy resin with optically active carboxylic acid. J Appl Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/app.11150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Poncet-Legrand C, Winnik FM. Solution Properties of Hydrophobically-Modified Copolymers of N-Isopropylacrylamide and N-L-Valine Acrylamide. A Study by Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Microcalorimetry. Polym J 2001. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.33.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Eccleston ME, Kuiper M, Gilchrist FM, Slater NK. pH-responsive pseudo-peptides for cell membrane disruption. J Control Release 2000; 69:297-307. [PMID: 11064136 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(00)00316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe pseudo-peptides obtained by the copolymerisation of L-lysine and L-lysine ethyl-ester with various hydrophobic dicarboxylic acid moieties. In aqueous solution, when the carboxylic acid groups are charged, the polymers dissolve. When they are fully neutralised the hydrophobic moieties cause the polymer to precipitate. The pH range over which reversible precipitation occurs can be adjusted by changing the intramolecular hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance, by using a carboxylic acid moiety with a different pK(a) value or by changing the apparent pK(a) value of the polymer through chemical modifications of the backbone. These bio-degradable materials are well tolerated by a range of mammalian cell lines at physiological pH but display an ability to associate with the outer membranes of these cells, which they rupture to varying degrees at pH 5.5. Relative to the degree of lysis displayed by poly(L-lysine iso-phthalamide), lysis was reduced by partial esterification and increased by replacing the aromatic iso-phthaloyl moiety with a long chain aliphatic dodecyl moiety. Similar behaviour was observed for the pH-dependent rupture of human erythrocytes, where poly(L-lysine dodecanamide) displayed enhanced cell lysis at pH values <7.0 relative to poly(L-lysine iso-phthalamide).
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Eccleston
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA, UK
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29
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Sanda F, Kurokawa T, Endo T. Synthesis, Reactions, and Electrolyte Properties of Polymethacrylamides Having the L-threo-β-Hydroxyaspartic Acid Moiety. Polym J 1999. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.31.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Sanda F, Kamatani J, Handa H, Endo T. Radical Polymerization Behavior of a Proline-Substituted Acrylamide. Effect of s-Cis−s-Trans Isomerization on the Polymerization. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9814090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Sanda
- Research Laboratory of Resources Utilization and Frontier Collaborative Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Jun Kamatani
- Research Laboratory of Resources Utilization and Frontier Collaborative Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Research Laboratory of Resources Utilization and Frontier Collaborative Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Research Laboratory of Resources Utilization and Frontier Collaborative Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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Sanda F, Ogawa F, Endo T. Syntheses of functionalized polymethacrylamides based on methionine oxides. POLYMER 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(97)10201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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32
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Sanda F, Nakamura M, Endo T. Solvent Effect and Molecular Orbital Study on the Specific Rotation of a Methacrylamide Having L-Leucine Structure in the Side Chain. CHEM LETT 1997. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1997.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Sanda F, Nakamura M, Endo T. Syntheses and Radical Copolymerization Behavior of Optically Active Methacrylamides Having l- and d-Leucine Moieties. Interaction between l- and d-Forms. Macromolecules 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ma960906i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Sanda
- Research Laboratory of Resources Utilization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Research Laboratory of Resources Utilization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226, Japan
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Research Laboratory of Resources Utilization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226, Japan
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Murata H, Sanda F, Endo T. Highly Radical-Polymerizable Methacrylamide Having Dipeptide Structure. Synthesis and Radical Polymerization of N-Methacryloyl-l-leucyl-l-alanine Methyl Ester. Macromolecules 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9601981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Murata
- Research Laboratory of Resources Utilization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226, Japan
| | - Fumio Sanda
- Research Laboratory of Resources Utilization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226, Japan
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Research Laboratory of Resources Utilization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226, Japan
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