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Joodaki M, Müller B, Schift H, Nallathambi A, Osmani B. Micro-patterned cellulose films for flexible electrodes in medical implants. MICRO AND NANO ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mne.2022.100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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2
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A ND, Swain A, Begam N, Bhattacharyya A, Basu JK. Temperature-Driven Grafted Nanoparticle Penetration into Polymer Melt: Role of Enthalpic and Entropic Interactions. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nimmi Das A
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Aparna Swain
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Nafisa Begam
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Arpan Bhattacharyya
- S.N Bose National Centre For Basic Sciences (SNBNCBS), Kolkata 700106, India
| | - J. K. Basu
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012, India
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3
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Hill D, Barron AR, Alexander S. Controlling the wettability of plastic by thermally embedding coated aluminium oxide nanoparticles into the surface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 567:45-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.01.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Fukui Y, Yamamoto K, Yamamoto T, Fujimoto K. Tuning of particle indentation by surface modification of polymer particles and substrates. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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5
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Madkour S, Szymoniak P, Heidari M, von Klitzing R, Schönhals A. Unveiling the Dynamics of Self-Assembled Layers of Thin Films of Poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) by Nanosized Relaxation Spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:7535-7546. [PMID: 28155271 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A combination of nanosized dielectric relaxation (BDS) and thermal spectroscopy (SHS) was utilized to characterize the dynamics of thin films of poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) (thicknesses: 7-160 nm). For the BDS measurements, a recently designed nanostructured electrode system is employed. A thin film is spin-coated on an ultraflat highly conductive silicon wafer serving as the bottom electrode. As top electrode, a highly conductive wafer with nonconducting nanostructured SiO2 nanospacers with heights of 35 or 70 nm is assembled on the bottom electrode. This procedure results in thin supported films with a free polymer/air interface. The BDS measurements show two relaxation processes, which are analyzed unambiguously for thicknesses smaller than 50 nm. The relaxation rates of both processes have different temperature dependencies. One process coincides in its position and temperature dependence with the glassy dynamics of bulk PVME and is ascribed to the dynamic glass transition of a bulk-like layer in the middle of the film. The relaxation rates were found to be thickness independent as confirmed by SHS. Unexpectedly, the relaxation rates of the second process obey an Arrhenius-like temperature dependence. This process was not observed by SHS and was related to the constrained fluctuations in a layer, which is irreversibly adsorbed at the substrate with a heterogeneous structure. Its molecular fluctuations undergo a confinement effect resulting in the localization of the segmental dynamics. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the molecular dynamics of an adsorbed layer in thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Madkour
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und Prüfung (BAM) , Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paulina Szymoniak
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und Prüfung (BAM) , Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mojdeh Heidari
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17, Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Regine von Klitzing
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17, Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Schönhals
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und Prüfung (BAM) , Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
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6
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Volynskii AL, Yarysheva AY, Rukhlya EG, Yarysheva LM, Bakeev NF. The influence of surface phenomena on molecular mobility in glassy polymers. COLLOID JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x16030182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Prakash J, Pivin J, Swart H. Noble metal nanoparticles embedding into polymeric materials: From fundamentals to applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 226:187-202. [PMID: 26584861 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review covers some key concepts related to embedding of the noble metal nanoparticles in polymer surfaces. The metal nanoparticles embedded into the polymer matrix can provide high-performance novel materials that find applications in modern nanotechnology. In particular, the origin of various processes that drive the embedding phenomenon, growth of the nanostructure at the surface, factors affecting the embedding including role of surface, interface energies and thermodynamic driving forces with emphasis on the fundamental and technological applications, under different conditions (annealing and ion beams) have been discussed. In addition to the conventional thermal process for embedding which includes the measure of fundamental polymer surface properties with relevant probing techniques, this review discusses the recent advances carried out in the understanding of embedding phenomenon starting from thin metal films to growth of the nanoparticles and embedded nanostructures using novel ion beam techniques.
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Zuo B, He X, Wang Y, Xu J, Yang J, Wang X. Relationship between Segmental Relaxation of Polystyrene Films and Stick-Slip Behavior during Dynamic Wetting of Liquid Droplets on Their Surfaces. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:12325-35. [PMID: 26305980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b06078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel method was previously reported for detecting the glass transition of thin polystyrene (PS) films by correlating the relationships between the temperature-dependent viscoelasticity of the PS films and stick-slip behavior on their surfaces during dynamic wetting of liquid droplets. In the present study, the frequency dependence of the stick-slip behavior is investigated. The results show that the stick-slip behavior of liquid dynamic wetting on PS films is dependent on the contact line velocity, which is related to the deformation frequency of the PS surface during the moving liquid front. The stick-slip behavior was revealed to be determined by a dimensionless parameter (ξ), which is the ratio of the PS segmental relaxation time (τα) and the characteristic time (τc) for PS surface deformation near the droplet contact line. When ξ is close to 1 (τα ≈ τc), the Δθ (jumping angle), a scale of the stick-slip behavior, reaches a maximum. This correlation between Δθ and ξ demonstrates that the stick-slip behavior is related to the energy dissipation caused by the PS α-relaxation process, and the peak temperature (or frequency) in Δθ corresponds to the α-relaxation temperature (time) of the polymer. These results strongly demonstrate that the utilization of the stick-slip behavior is a creditable method, similar to dynamic viscoelastic measurement, for probing the glass transition and segmental relaxation of thin polymer films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Xumiao He
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Jianquan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Juping Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
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9
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Metal-Polymer Nanocomposites: (Co-)Evaporation/(Co)Sputtering Approaches and Electrical Properties. COATINGS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings5030378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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Terekhin VV, Zaitseva AV, Dement’eva OV, Rudoy VM. New two-dimensional polymer-metal composites based on highly ordered ensembles of nanoparticles. Design and optical properties. COLLOID JOURNAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x13060161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Karim TB, McKenna GB. Comparison of surface mechanical properties among linear and star polystyrenes: Surface softening and stiffening at different temperatures. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Al-Hussein M, Schindler M, Ruderer MA, Perlich J, Schwartzkopf M, Herzog G, Heidmann B, Buffet A, Roth SV, Müller-Buschbaum P. In situ X-ray study of the structural evolution of gold nano-domains by spray deposition on thin conductive P3HT films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:2490-2497. [PMID: 23360110 DOI: 10.1021/la3048483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Gold (Au) nanoparticles are deposited from aqueous solution onto one of the most used conductive polymers, namely poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), using airbrush deposition. We report on the structure formation and packing of the Au nanoparticles after a 5 s spray cycle. In situ grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) measurements with 20 ms time resolution allow a real-time observation of the emergence and evolution of the microstructure during a spray cycle and subsequent solvent evaporation. The results reveal multistage nanoscale ordering of the Au nanoparticles during the spray cycle. Further ex situ atomic force microscopy measurements of the sprayed films showed the formation of Au monolayer islands on top of the polymer film. Our study suggests that the solvent-substrate interaction as well as solvent evaporation kinetics are important factors that need to be taken into consideration in order to grow a compact uniform monolayer film for the fabrication of ultrathin films using airbrush deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Al-Hussein
- Department of Physics, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
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Karim TB, McKenna GB. Unusual Surface Mechanical Properties of Poly(α-methylstyrene): Surface Softening and Stiffening at Different Temperatures. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302192b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taskin B. Karim
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Gregory B. McKenna
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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14
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Roth SV, Herzog G, Körstgens V, Buffet A, Schwartzkopf M, Perlich J, Abul Kashem MM, Döhrmann R, Gehrke R, Rothkirch A, Stassig K, Wurth W, Benecke G, Li C, Fratzl P, Rawolle M, Müller-Buschbaum P. In situ observation of cluster formation during nanoparticle solution casting on a colloidal film. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2011; 23:254208. [PMID: 21654049 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/25/254208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a real-time study of the nanostructuring and cluster formation of gold nanoparticles deposited in aqueous solution on top of a pre-structured polystyrene colloidal thin film. Cluster formation takes place at different length scales, from the agglomerations of the gold nanoparticles to domains of polystyrene colloids. By combining in situ imaging ellipsometry and microbeam grazing incidence small-angle x-ray scattering, we are able to identify different stages of nanocomposite formation, namely diffusion, roughness increase, layer build-up and compaction. The findings can serve as a guideline for nanocomposite tailoring by solution casting.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrabe, Hamburg, Germany.
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15
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Abstract
ABSTRACTNon-contact Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was used to study the embedding of 10 nm and 20 nm gold nano-particles into the surface of polystyrene films spin-coated onto silicon substrates. The rate of embedding was determined by measuring the apparent nanosphere height as a function of annealing time. This was accomplished by two different methods. In the first case, each image (after a specific annealing time) is acquired at a different spot on the sample surface. In this case a fairly large (∼40) number of particles were imaged in order to have acceptable statistics. A second method involved the use of a kinematic mounting hot stage that allowed the same spot on the sample to be imaged at each time. This allows the same final precision without the same necessity for imaging large numbers of particles. The results indicate that sub nm resolution is easily obtainable with either technique.
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16
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Pakula C, Zaporojtchenko V, Strunskus T, Zargarani D, Herges R, Faupel F. Reversible light-controlled conductance switching of azobenzene-based metal/polymer nanocomposites. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:465201. [PMID: 20972322 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/46/465201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a new concept of light-controlled conductance switching based on metal/polymer nanocomposites with dissolved chromophores that do not have intrinsic current switching ability. Photoswitchable metal/PMMA nanocomposites were prepared by physical vapor deposition of Au and Pt clusters, respectively, onto spin-coated thin poly(methylmethacrylate) films doped with azo-dye molecules. High dye concentrations were achieved by functionalizing the azo groups with tails and branches, thus enhancing solubility. The composites show completely reversible optical switching of the absorption bands upon alternating irradiation with UV and blue light. We also demonstrate reversible light-controlled conductance switching. This is attributed to changes in the metal cluster separation upon isomerization based on model experiments where analogous conductance changes were induced by swelling of the composite films in organic vapors and by tensile stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Pakula
- Institut für Materialwissenschaft-Materialverbunde, Technische Fakultät der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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17
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Zhang C, Liu Q, Zhan N, Yang Q, Song Y, Sun L, Wang H, Li Y. A novel approach to prepare silver chloride nanoparticles grown on the surface of PAN nanofibre via electrospinning combined with gas–solid reaction. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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López-Díaz D, Velázqueza MM. Evidence of glass transition in thin films of maleic anhydride derivatives: effect of the surfactant coadsorption. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2008; 26:417-425. [PMID: 19230213 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2008-10343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The glass transition temperature of poly (maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecen) and poly (styrene-co-maleic anhydride) cumene-terminated thin films has been measured by mechanical relaxation of Langmuir films of these polymers. The dynamical properties show glass-like features (non-Arrhenius relaxation times and non-Debye mechanical response) interpreted by the coupling model. The glass transition temperature values determined by a mechanical relaxation experiment (step-compression) agree very well with those obtained by surface potential measurements. It is found that the glass transition temperature values in thin films decrease by about 100 K as compared with those corresponding to the bulk polymers. The coadsorption of the water-insoluble surfactant DODAB decreases the glass transition temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- D López-Díaz
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37008-Salamanca, Spain
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19
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Hanisch C, Kulkarni A, Zaporojtchenko V, Faupel F. Polymer-metal nanocomposites with 2-dimensional Au nanoparticle arrays for sensoric applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/100/5/052043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Deshmukh RD, Composto RJ. Direct observation of nanoparticle embedding into the surface of a polymer melt. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:13169-13173. [PMID: 18020383 DOI: 10.1021/la7025544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Direct embedding of metal nanoparticles (NPs) into the surface of a polymer melt is observed by TEM and a new embedding mechanism proposed. Upon annealing above the glass transition temperature of polystyrene (PS), NPs (20 nm gold) are rapidly covered by a thin PS wetting layer, h* approximately 1.3-1.8 nm (i.e., about two or three monomers). Because it creates capillary pressure on a NP, this "universal" wetting layer is proposed to be responsible for NP embedding. The value of h* is independent of the molecular weight of PS and constant during the embedding process. The value of h* is found to be similar to the equilibrium wetting layer thickness of a polymer melt spreading on a metal substrate. Using a model that includes the spreading coefficient, long-range van der Waals interactions, and a chain-stretching penalty, h* is shown to be independent of the molecular weight of the polymer. Using this model and the measured value of h*, the interfacial energy between Au NP and PS is estimated to be 8.7 J/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan D Deshmukh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, USA
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21
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Erichsen J, Shiferaw T, Zaporojtchenko V, Faupel F. Surface glass transition in bimodal polystyrene mixtures. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2007; 24:243-246. [PMID: 18034218 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2007-10233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Using the cluster-embedding method of V. Zaporojchenko et al. (Macromolecules 34, 1125 (2000)), we measured the glass transition temperature T (g) at the polystyrene/vacuum interface of bimodal mixtures of monodisperse polystyrenes of 3.5k and 1000k. Embedding of approximately 1 nm Au clusters was monitored in situ by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The clusters were formed by evaporation of Au onto the polymer surface. Only one glass transition was observed in the mixtures. The surface glass transition temperatures are correlated to but are below the bulk values of the mixtures and obey the Gordon-Taylor equation. The results suggest that the earlier reported molecular-weight dependence of the surface glass transition is not due to segregation of short chains to the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Erichsen
- Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Institute for Materials Science, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143, Kiel, Germany
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Nadagouda MN, Varma RS. Synthesis of Thermally Stable Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Metal Biodegradable Nanocomposites for Potential Biological Applications. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:2762-7. [PMID: 17665946 DOI: 10.1021/bm700446p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A green approach is described that generates bulk quantities of nanocomposites containing transition metals such as Cu, Ag, In, and Fe at room temperature using a biodegradable polymer, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), by reacting respective metal salts with the sodium salt of CMC in aqueous media. These nanocomposites exhibit broader decomposition temperatures when compared with control CMC, and Ag-based CMC nanocomposites exhibit a luminescent property at longer wavelengths. The noble metals such as Au, Pt, and Pd do not react at room temperature with aqueous solutions of CMC, but do so rapidly under microwave irradiation (MW) conditions at 100 degrees C. This environmentally benign approach, which provides facile entry to the production of multiple shaped noble nanostructures without using any toxic reducing agent such as sodium borohydride (NaBH4), hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and so forth, and/or a capping/surfactant agent, and which uses a benign biodegradable polymer CMC, could find widespread technological and medicinal applications. The ensuing nanocomposites derived at room temperature and MW conditions were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray mapping, energy-dispersive analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallikarjuna N Nadagouda
- Sustainable Technology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, MS 443, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA
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23
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Fujii Y, Akabori KI, Tanaka K, Nagamura T. Chain Conformation Effects on Molecular Motions at the Surface of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Films. Polym J 2007. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.pj2006270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Dement’eva OV, Zaitseva AV, Kartseva ME, Ogarev VA, Rudoy VM. Metal nanoparticles on polymer surfaces: 6. Probing of non-glassy polystyrene surface layer. COLLOID JOURNAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x07030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Akabori KI, Tanaka K, Satomi N, Nagamura T, Takahara A, Kajiyama T. Effects of Static and Dynamic Forces on Surface Viscoelastic Response of Polymer Films in Scanning Viscoelasticity Microscopy. Polym J 2007. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.pj2006230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Streit S, Gutt C, Chamard V, Robert A, Sprung M, Sternemann H, Tolan M. Two-dimensional dynamics of metal nanoparticles on the surface of thin polymer films studied with coherent X rays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:047801. [PMID: 17358813 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.047801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
X-ray photon-correlation spectroscopy is used to measure the dynamic structure factor f(q,tau) of gold particles moving on the surface of thin polymer films. Above the glass transition of the polymer the peculiar form f(q,tau) approximately exp[-(Gamma tau)(alpha)] is found with 0.7 < alpha < 1.5, depending on sample age and temperature. The relaxation rates Gamma scale linearly with q, excluding a simple Brownian diffusive motion. This type of behavior, already observed in aging bulk soft matter systems, is explained by a power law distribution of particle velocities due to ballistic motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Streit
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
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27
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Gasemjit P, Johannsmann D. Thickness of the soft layer on glassy polystyrene surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Davis LM, Compton JM, Kranbuehl DE, Thompson DW, Southward RE. Reflective and electrically conductive palladium surface-metallized polyimide nanocomposite membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.24162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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30
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Akabori KI, Tanaka K, Nagamura T, Takahara A, Kajiyama T. Molecular Motion in Ultrathin Polystyrene Films: Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Surface and Interfacial Effects. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma051143e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kei-ichi Akabori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Nagamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Tisato Kajiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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31
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Hutcheson SA, McKenna GB. Nanosphere embedding into polymer surfaces: a viscoelastic contact mechanics analysis. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:076103. [PMID: 15783830 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.076103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Teichroeb and Forrest [Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 016104 (2003)] image gold nanosphere embedment into a polystyrene surface and imply the existence of a liquid surface layer. We use a viscoelastic contact mechanics model of their results to give a contrary interpretation. The surface interactions between gold and polystyrene and the indentation depth determine the loads on the nanospheres. Using bulk properties, quantitative agreement between the model and the data is obtained, implying little or no depression in the glass temperature or existence of a liquid layer at the polystyrene surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Hutcheson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-3121, USA
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32
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Principles and Mechanisms of Nanoparticle Stabilization by Polymers. METALLOPOLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-26523-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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33
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34
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Fujimori Y, Gotoh Y, Tamaki N, Ohkoshi Y, Nagura M. Introduction of copper iodide fine particles into a poly(acrylic acid) matrix via a complex of polymer–polyiodide ions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b507817b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Sharp JS, Teichroeb JH, Forrest JA. The properties of free polymer surfaces and their influence on the glass transition temperature of thin polystyrene films. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2004; 15:473-487. [PMID: 15599788 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2004-10078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2004] [Accepted: 11/02/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We present a detailed study of free polymer surfaces and their effects on the measured glass transition temperature (T(g)) of thin polystyrene (PS) films. Direct measurements of the near-surface properties of PS films are made by monitoring the embedding of 10 and 20 nm diameter gold spheres into the surface of spin-cast PS films. At a temperature T = 378 K( > T(g)), the embedding of the spheres is driven by geometrical considerations arising from the wetting of the gold spheres by the PS. At temperatures below T(g) (363 K < T < 370 K), both sets of spheres embed 3-4 nm into the PS films and stop. These studies suggest that a liquid-like surface layer exists in glassy PS films and also provide an estimate for the lower bound of the thickness of this layer of 3-4 nm. This qualitative idea is supported by a series of calculations based upon a previously developed theoretical model for the indentation of nanoscale spheres into linear viscoelastic materials. Comparing data with simulations shows that this surface layer has properties similar to those of a bulk sample of PS having a temperature of 374 K. Ellipsometric measurements of the T(g) are also performed on thin spin-cast PS films with thicknesses in the range 8 nm < h < 290 nm. Measurements are performed on thin PS films that have been capped by thermally evaporating 5 nm thick metal (Au and Al) capping layers on top of the polymer. The measured T(g) values (as well as polymer metal interface structure) in such samples depend on the metal used as the capping layer, and cast doubt on the general validity of using evaporative deposition to cover the free surface. We also prepared films that were capped by a new non-evaporative procedure. These films were shown to have a T(g) that is the same as that of bulk PS (370+/-1 K) for all film thicknesses measured (> 7 nm). The subsequent removal of the metal layer from these films was shown to restore a thickness-dependent T(g) in these samples that was essentially the same as that observed for uncapped PS films. An estimate of the thickness of the liquid-like surface layer was also extracted from the ellipsometry measurements and was found to be 5+/-1 nm. The combined ellipsometry and embedding studies provide strong evidence for the existence of a liquid-like surface layer in thin glassy PS films. They show that the presence of the free surface is an important parameter in determining the existence of T(g) reductions in thin PS films.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Sharp
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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36
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Erichsen J, Dolgner K, Zaporojtchenko V, Faupel F. Glass Transition Temperature in Thin Polymer Films Determined by Thermal Discharge in X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma049870h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Erichsen
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Technische Fakultät, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Kai Dolgner
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Technische Fakultät, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Vladimir Zaporojtchenko
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Technische Fakultät, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Franz Faupel
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Technische Fakultät, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
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37
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Buck E, Petersen K, Hund M, Krausch G, Johannsmann D. Decay Kinetics of Nanoscale Corrugation Gratings on Polymer Surface: Evidence for Polymer Flow below the Glass Temperature. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma049595z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elke Buck
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Technical University Clausthal, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Str. 4, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; MPI for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany; and Physikalische Chemie II and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG), Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Kirstin Petersen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Technical University Clausthal, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Str. 4, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; MPI for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany; and Physikalische Chemie II and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG), Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Markus Hund
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Technical University Clausthal, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Str. 4, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; MPI for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany; and Physikalische Chemie II and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG), Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Georg Krausch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Technical University Clausthal, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Str. 4, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; MPI for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany; and Physikalische Chemie II and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG), Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Diethelm Johannsmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Technical University Clausthal, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Str. 4, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; MPI for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany; and Physikalische Chemie II and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG), Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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38
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Tanaka K, Ariura F, Nagamura T, Kajiyama T. Further Study of Chain End Effect on Surface Mobility in Monodisperse Polystyrene Films. Polym J 2004. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.36.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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39
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Erichsen J, Kanzow J, Schürmann U, Dolgner K, Günther-Schade K, Strunskus T, Zaporojtchenko V, Faupel F. Investigation of the Surface Glass Transition Temperature by Embedding of Noble Metal Nanoclusters into Monodisperse Polystyrenes. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0353080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Erichsen
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jörn Kanzow
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schürmann
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Kai Dolgner
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Katja Günther-Schade
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Strunskus
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Vladimir Zaporojtchenko
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Franz Faupel
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
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40
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Weber R, Grotkopp I, Stettner J, Tolan M, Press W. Embedding of Gold Nanoclusters on Polystyrene Surfaces: Influence of the Surface Modification on the Glass Transition. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma034880o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Weber
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Leibnizstrasse 17-19, 24098 Kiel, Germany, and Experimentelle Physik I, Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - I. Grotkopp
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Leibnizstrasse 17-19, 24098 Kiel, Germany, and Experimentelle Physik I, Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - J. Stettner
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Leibnizstrasse 17-19, 24098 Kiel, Germany, and Experimentelle Physik I, Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M. Tolan
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Leibnizstrasse 17-19, 24098 Kiel, Germany, and Experimentelle Physik I, Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - W. Press
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Leibnizstrasse 17-19, 24098 Kiel, Germany, and Experimentelle Physik I, Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
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41
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Teichroeb JH, Forrest JA. Direct imaging of nanoparticle embedding to probe viscoelasticity of polymer surfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 91:016104. [PMID: 12906558 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.016104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy was used to study the embedding of gold nanoparticles into the surface of polystyrene films. The rate of embedding was determined at temperatures near the bulk glass transition temperature T(g) by measuring the apparent nanosphere height as a function of annealing time. In particular, relative height measurements of the adhered particles were made at temperatures below the bulk T(g) value. In the absence of enhanced surface dynamics or yield processes no embedding is expected to occur for T<T(g). Measurements on 10 and 20 nm particles both indicated that the particles did embed 3-4 nm into the polymer for T<T(g). Both the extent and time frame for engulfment appear to be independent of the particle diameter. The results suggest a more mobile surface region on the order of 3-4 nm thick, with a lower glass transition temperature than the bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Teichroeb
- Department of Physics and Guelph-Waterloo Physics Institute, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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42
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Akabori KI, Tanaka K, Kajiyama T, Takahara A. Anomalous Surface Relaxation Process in Polystyrene Ultrathin Films. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma034001y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kei-ichi Akabori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Tisato Kajiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahara
- Institute for Fundamental Research of Organic Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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43
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Kawaguchi D, Tanaka K, Kajiyama T, Takahara A, Tasaki S. Mobility Gradient in Surface Region of Monodisperse Polystyrene Films. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma025667f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kawaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Tisato Kajiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahara
- Institute for Fundamental Research of Organic Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Seiji Tasaki
- Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
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44
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Kajiyama T, Tanaka K, Takahara A. Analysis of surface mobility in polystyrene films with monodisperse and bimodal molecular weights by lateral force microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.10873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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45
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Weber R, Zimmermann KM, Tolan M, Stettner J, Press W, Seeck OH, Erichsen J, Zaporojtchenko V, Strunskus T, Faupel F. X-ray reflectivity study on the surface and bulk glass transition of polystyrene. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2001; 64:061508. [PMID: 11736192 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.64.061508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2001] [Revised: 08/21/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The surfaces of polystyrene (PS) films decorated with gold nanoclusters were investigated by x-ray reflectivity measurements. The thicknesses of the films are much larger than the radii of gyration of the different PS samples. By annealing the films above the glass transition temperature T(g) an embedding process of the clusters into the polymer is detected which is accompanied by a substantial increase in the cluster layer thickness due to Brownian motion. These processes start at a sufficiently low viscosity and may be regarded as a probe of the glass transition in the near surface region of the PS films. Simultaneously the thermal expansion of the entire film and hence its approximate bulk behavior were monitored. Two samples of different molecular weight do not show a significant difference between the surface and bulk T(g) values.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Weber
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Leibnizstrasse 17-19, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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