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von Seggern N, Oehlsen N, Moudrakovski I, Stegbauer L. Photomodulation of the Mechanical Properties and Photo-Actuation of Chitosan-Based Thin Films Modified with an Azobenzene-Derivative. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2308939. [PMID: 38037759 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
A sophisticated comprehension of the impacts of photoisomerization and photothermal phenomena on biogenic and responsive materials can provide a guiding framework for future applications. Herein, the procedure to manufacture homogeneous chitosan-based smart thin films are reported by incorporating the light-responsive azobenzene-derivative Sodium-4-[(4-(2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)phenyl)diazen-yl]-benzenesulfonate (TEGABS) in the biopolymer through electrostatic interactions. When irradiated with UV-light the TEGABS/chitosan films show a biresponse, comprising the E→Z photoisomerization with a half-life of 13 - 20 h and the light-induced evaporation of residual moisture leading to an increase in the reduced indentation modulus (up to 49%) and hardness. Freestanding films of TEGABS/chitosan show actuation up to 13° while irradiated with UV-light. This work shows the potential of biogenic polysaccharides in the design of biresponsive materials with photomodulated mechanical properties and unveils the link between the humidity of the environment, residual moisture, and the photomodulation of the mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils von Seggern
- Bioinspired Structural Material Chemistry, Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology, University Stuttgart, Nobelstr. 12, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nina Oehlsen
- Bioinspired Structural Material Chemistry, Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology, University Stuttgart, Nobelstr. 12, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Now at: Biogenic engineering materials, Tu Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner-Str. 3, 09599, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Igor Moudrakovski
- Physical Chemistry of Solids, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Linus Stegbauer
- Bioinspired Structural Material Chemistry, Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology, University Stuttgart, Nobelstr. 12, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Now at: Biogenic engineering materials, Tu Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner-Str. 3, 09599, Freiberg, Germany
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2
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Edwards KEK, Mermut O, Pietro WJ, Barrett CJ. Optical and computational study of the trans ↔ cis reversible isomerization of the commercial bis-azo dye Bismarck Brown Y. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:5673-5684. [PMID: 36734510 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05010b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The trans-cis-trans isomerization behaviour of Bismarck Brown Y (BBY) during and after irradiation with visible light, was characterized in detail for the first time by means of optical pump-probe experiments, to study the geometric inter-conversion of bis-azobenzene both in solution and embedded in multi-layered polymeric thin films. The rate constants observed for the thermal cis-trans back isomerization permit a determination of how the thermal isomerization is influenced by its local environment. In both solution and when incorporated into multi-layered thin films, the thermal relaxation observed for the commercial azo dye BBY showed a highly unusual biexponential decay, which clearly demonstrates two distinct isomerization processes. The cis decay showed an anomalous fast isomerization process on the timescale of milliseconds, followed by a slower isomerization process with a cis lifetime on the order of seconds. It was further observed that the faster isomerization process was influenced more by its local environment than was the slower process. The faster isomerization process also displayed a higher rate constant in aprotic solvents such as THF and DMF compared to that observed in protic solvents such as ethanol and water. Additionally, a higher rate constant was observed in solution compared to the multi-layered thin films where motion of the azo molecules was likely more restricted. Following recrystallization of the BBY azo dye, the more expected monoexponential decay was observed for the cis isomer in solution, with a single cis lifetime calculated on the timescale of seconds. This timescale corresponded well to values predicted by density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ozzy Mermut
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Christopher J Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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3
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Shang C, Xiong Z, Liu S, Yu W. Molecular Dynamics of Azobenzene Polymer with Photoreversible Glass Transition. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ce Shang
- Advanced Rheology Institute, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhongqiang Xiong
- Advanced Rheology Institute, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Sijun Liu
- Advanced Rheology Institute, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- Advanced Rheology Institute, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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4
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Marcucci N, Zambito G, Giordano MC, Buatier de Mongeot F, Descrovi E. Controlling resonant surface modes by arbitrary light induced optical anisotropies. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202226605008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work the sensitivity of Bloch Surface Waves to laser-induced anisotropy of azo-polymeric thin layers is expe rimentally shown . The nanoscale reshaping of the films via thermal-Scanning Probe Lithography allows to couple light to circular photonic nanocavities, tailoring on-demand resonant BSW confined within the nanocavity.
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5
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Wang Z, Hsu C, Wang X. Topographical transition of submicron pillar array of azo molecular glass induced by circularly polarized light. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7327. [PMID: 33795776 PMCID: PMC8016868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86794-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The well-aligned submicron patterns on surfaces have attracted wide attention from scientific curiosity to practical applications. Understanding their formation and transition is highly desirable for efficient manufacture of the patterns for many usages. Here, we report a unique observation on self-organized topographical transition of submicron pillar array of an azo molecular glass, induced by irradiation with circularly polarized light. During gradual erasure of the patterns upon exposure to the light, which is a property of this material, a new set of pillars unexpectedly emerge with new one in middle of each triangle cell of the original array. The highly regular pillar array with triple area density is formed and finally stabilized in the process, as revealed by thorough investigation reported here. This unusual observation and its rationalization will be of benefit for deep understanding of the light–matter interaction and can be expected to be applied in different areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Chungen Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaogong Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
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Wang J, Huang S, Zhang Y, Liu J, Yu M, Yu H. Hydrogen Bond Enhances Photomechanical Swing of Liquid-Crystalline Polymer Bilayer Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:6585-6596. [PMID: 33512986 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical swing is common in nature, such as sound waves, wingbeat of birds, and heartbeat, which is important to convert input energy into continuous motion. Here, we report a photodriven swing actuator composed of commercially available polyimide (Kapton) and azobenzene-containing liquid-crystalline polymers. The liquid-crystalline polymers act as the photoactive layer, which were synthesized by copolymerization of one benzenecarboxylic acid-containing monomer (M6BCOOH) and one azobenzene-containing monomer (M6ABOC2) with different molar ratios. The Kapton layer with a high elastic modulus is photoinert and functions as the substrate layer. After thermal annealing, the film displays chaotic swing under continuous irradiation of actinic light. Interestingly, the swing amplitude is greatly enhanced by the existence of supramolecular hydrogen bonding in liquid-crystalline polymer films. It is the introduction of M6BCOOH to the copolymer that accelerates the trans-cis photoisomerization rate of azobenzenes. Also, it forms a hydrogen bond as physical crosslinking sites, enabling the polymer film to work as a whole. Thus, it enhances the driving force for photomechanical deformation. Moreover, it improves the elastic modulus of the photoactive layer and modulates the swing behavior of the bilayer strip. More importantly, the formation of a hydrogen bond in the form of acidic dimers has a spatial confinement effect, extending the timescale of photodriven swing. The photomechanical self-vibration of the bilayer film can be ascribed to the combination of the photoisomerization process of azobenzenes with the local photosoftening effect of liquid-crystalline polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchuang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Waste, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Sciences and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yihe Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Waste, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Sciences and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jingang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Waste, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Sciences and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Haifeng Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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7
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Migulin D, Vysochinskaya Y, Buzin M, Bakirov A, Cherkaev G, Shchegolikhina O. Stereoregular hybrid azobenzene-cyclosiloxanes with photoinduced reversible solid to liquid transition properties. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.113033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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8
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Fitz J, Mammana A. Spectroscopic study of the pH dependence of the optical properties of a water-soluble molecular photo-switch. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 227:117576. [PMID: 31670039 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this report we present a UV-Vis spectroscopic study of the pH dependent optical properties of 4,4'-azobenzene dicarboxylic acid in aqueous solution. A combination of chemical (acid-base) and light stimuli is combined to demonstrate that the system undergoes two types of optical switching cycles. At neutral pH the azobenzene undergoes photo-induced cis-trans isomerisation. Upon pH reduction the UV-Vis spectra show changes consistent with aggregation of the azobenzene photo-switch. The photo-responsive behaviour is dependent on the pH and conformation of the azobenzene. The optical properties of the system are dependent on the mode of pH reduction and the isomeric cis/trans composition of the photo-switch, showing hierarchical control of self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Fitz
- University of Dayton, Department of Chemistry, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA
| | - Angela Mammana
- University of Dayton, Department of Chemistry, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA.
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Khan A, Yu H, Wang L, Zhizhko PA, Zarubin DN, Lemenovskiy DA, Haq F, Usman M, Nazir A, Naveed KUR. Synthesis of ferrocene and azobenzene-based copolymers P(FHEMA-co-MAZOHE)s and their redox and photo-responsive properties. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Marturano V, Ambrogi V, Bandeira NAG, Tylkowski B, Giamberini M, Cerruti P. Modeling of Azobenzene-Based Compounds. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2017-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAzobenzene is by far the most studied photochromic molecule and its applications range from optical storage to bio-engineering. To exploit the great potential of azobenzene, one must achieve deep understanding of its photochemistry as single molecule in solution AS WELL AS in-chain moiety and pendent group in macromolecular structures. With the advent of computer-aided simulation scientists have been able to match experimental data with computational models. In this chapter, a review on the modeling of azobenzene-containing molecules in different conditions and environments IS provided with a special focus on advanced applications of photo-controllable materials, such as molecular machines and photoactivation of bio-molecules.
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11
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Vantomme G, Gelebart A, Broer D, Meijer E. A four-blade light-driven plastic mill based on hydrazone liquid-crystal networks. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Cho EN, Zhitomirsky D, Han GGD, Liu Y, Grossman JC. Molecularly Engineered Azobenzene Derivatives for High Energy Density Solid-State Solar Thermal Fuels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:8679-8687. [PMID: 28234453 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Solar thermal fuels (STFs) harvest and store solar energy in a closed cycle system through conformational change of molecules and can release the energy in the form of heat on demand. With the aim of developing tunable and optimized STFs for solid-state applications, we designed three azobenzene derivatives functionalized with bulky aromatic groups (phenyl, biphenyl, and tert-butyl phenyl groups). In contrast to pristine azobenzene, which crystallizes and makes nonuniform films, the bulky azobenzene derivatives formed uniform amorphous films that can be charged and discharged with light and heat for many cycles. Thermal stability of the films, a critical metric for thermally triggerable STFs, was greatly increased by the bulky functionalization (up to 180 °C), and we were able to achieve record high energy density of 135 J/g for solid-state STFs, over a 30% improvement compared to previous solid-state reports. Furthermore, the chargeability in the solid state was improved, up to 80% charged from 40% charged in previous solid-state reports. Our results point toward molecular engineering as an effective method to increase energy storage in STFs, improve chargeability, and improve the thermal stability of the thin film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene N Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David Zhitomirsky
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Grace G D Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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13
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Appiah C, Woltersdorf G, Binder WH. Synthesis of photoresponsive main-chain oligomers with azobenzene moieties via ADMET oligomerization and their micellization properties. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00426e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of azobenzene functionalized linear unsaturated/saturated polyolefin-oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Appiah
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry
- Physics and Mathematics)
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
- Halle (Saale) D-06120
| | - Georg Woltersdorf
- Institute of Physics
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
- Halle (Saale)
- Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry
- Physics and Mathematics)
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
- Halle (Saale) D-06120
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14
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Poutanen M, Ikkala O, Priimagi A. Structurally Controlled Dynamics in Azobenzene-Based Supramolecular Self-Assemblies in Solid State. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Poutanen
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Arri Priimagi
- Department
of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101, Tampere, Finland
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15
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Vapaavuori J, Laventure A, Bazuin CG, Lebel O, Pellerin C. Submolecular Plasticization Induced by Photons in Azobenzene Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:13510-7. [PMID: 26439981 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate experimentally for the first time that the illumination of azobenzene derivatives leads to changes in molecular environment similar to those observed on heating but that are highly heterogeneous at the submolecular scale. This localized photoplasticization, which can be associated with a free volume gradient, helps to understand the puzzling phenomenon of photoinduced macroscopic material flow and photoexpansion upon illumination far below the glass transition temperature (T(g)). The findings stem from the correlation of infrared (IR) spectral band shifts measured upon illumination with those measured at controlled temperatures for two amorphous DR1-functionalized azo derivatives, a polymer, pDR1A, and a molecular glass, gDR1. This new approach reveals that IR spectroscopy can be used as an efficient label-free molecular-scale thermometer that allows the assignment of an effective temperature (T(eff)) to each moiety in these compounds when irradiated. While no band shift is observed upon illumination for the vibrational modes assigned to backbone moieties of pDR1A and gDR1 and a small band shift is found for the spacer moiety, dramatic band shifts are recorded for the azo moiety, corresponding to an increase in T(eff) of up to nearly 200 °C and a molecular environment that is equivalent to thermal heating well above the bulk T(g) of the material. An irradiated azo-containing material thus combines characteristic properties of amorphous materials both below and above its bulk T(g). The direct measurement of T(eff) is a powerful probe of the local environment at the submolecular scale, paving the way toward better rationalization of photoexpansion and the athermal malleability of azo-containing materials upon illumination below their T(g).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana Vapaavuori
- Département de chimie, Centre de recherche sur les matériaux auto-assemblés (CRMAA/CSACS), Université de Montréal , Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Audrey Laventure
- Département de chimie, Centre de recherche sur les matériaux auto-assemblés (CRMAA/CSACS), Université de Montréal , Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - C Geraldine Bazuin
- Département de chimie, Centre de recherche sur les matériaux auto-assemblés (CRMAA/CSACS), Université de Montréal , Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Olivier Lebel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada , Kingston, ON Canada , K7K 7B4
| | - Christian Pellerin
- Département de chimie, Centre de recherche sur les matériaux auto-assemblés (CRMAA/CSACS), Université de Montréal , Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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16
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Chen J, Chen KY, Carroll GT, Feringa BL. Facile assembly of light-driven molecular motors onto a solid surface. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:12641-4. [PMID: 25198796 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc04440a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve the rotary motion of surface assembled light-driven molecular motors, tetra-acid-functionalized motors were bound to an amine-coated quartz surface without prior activation of the acid groups. In contrast to earlier bipodal motors, the tetravalent motor showed no significant reduction in the rotation speed when attached to a surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Chen
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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17
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Wang X, Vapaavuori J, Zhao Y, Bazuin CG. A Supramolecular Approach to Photoresponsive Thermo/Solvoplastic Block Copolymer Elastomers. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501278b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Département
de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal (QC), Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Jaana Vapaavuori
- Département
de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal (QC), Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Yue Zhao
- Département
de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke (QC), Canada J1K 2R1
| | - C. Geraldine Bazuin
- Département
de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal (QC), Canada H3C 3J7
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18
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Brown JW, Henderson BL, Kiesz MD, Whalley AC, Morris W, Grunder S, Deng H, Furukawa H, Zink JI, Stoddart JF, Yaghi OM. Photophysical pore control in an azobenzene-containing metal–organic framework. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc21659d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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19
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Dang JD, Virdo JD, Lessard BH, Bultz E, Paton AS, Bender TP. A Boron Subphthalocyanine Polymer: Poly(4-methylstyrene)-co-poly(phenoxy boron subphthalocyanine). Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301247p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D. Dang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E5
| | - Jessica D. Virdo
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E5
| | - Benoît H. Lessard
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E5
| | - Elijah Bultz
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E5
| | - Andrew S. Paton
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E5
| | - Timothy P. Bender
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E5
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
- Department
of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Toronto,
184 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E4
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20
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Ferreira Q, Ribeiro PA, Oliveira ON, Raposo M. Long-term stability at high temperatures for birefringence in PAZO/PAH layer-by-layer films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:1470-1477. [PMID: 22335565 DOI: 10.1021/am201722x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Optical memories with long-term stability at high temperatures have long been pursued in azopolymers with photoinduced birefringence. In this study, we show that the residual birefringence in layer-by-layer (LbL) films made with poly[1-[4-(3-carboxy-4 hydroxyphenylazo)benzene sulfonamido]-1,2-ethanediyl, sodium salt] (PAZO) alternated with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) can be tuned by varying the extent of electrostatic interactions with film fabrication at different pHs for PAH. The dynamics of both writing and relaxation processes could be explained with a two-stage mechanism involving the orientation of the chromophores per se and the chain movement. Upon calculating the activation energies for these processes, we demonstrate semiquantitatively that reduced electrostatic interactions in films prepared at higher pH, for which PAH is less charged, are responsible for the longer stability at high temperatures. This is attributed to orientation of PAZO chromophores via cooperative aggregation, where the presence of counterions hindered relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quirina Ferreira
- CEFITEC, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT/UNL), 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Audorff H, Walker R, Kador L, Schmidt HW. Holographic Investigations of Azobenzene-Containing Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds in Pure Materials and Binary Blends with Polystyrene. Chemistry 2011; 17:12722-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Carroll GT, London G, Landaluce TF, Rudolf P, Feringa BL. Adhesion of photon-driven molecular motors to surfaces via 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions: effect of interfacial interactions on molecular motion. ACS NANO 2011; 5:622-30. [PMID: 21207983 DOI: 10.1021/nn102876j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the attachment of altitudinal light-driven molecular motors to surfaces using 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions. Molecular motors were designed containing azide or alkyne groups for attachment to alkyne- or azide-modified surfaces. Surface attachment was characterized by UV-vis, IR, XPS, and ellipsometry measurements. Surface-bound motors were found to undergo photochemical and thermal isomerizations consistent with unidirectional rotation in solution. Confinement at a surface was found to reduce the rate of the thermal isomerization process. The rate of thermal isomerization was also dependent on the surface coverage of the motors. In solution, changes in the UV-vis signal that accompany thermal isomerization can be fit with a single monoexponential decay. In contrast, thermal isomerization of the surface-bound motors does not follow a single monoexponential decay and was found to fit a biexponential decay. Both one- and two-legged motors were attached to surfaces. The kinetics of thermal isomerization was not affected by the valency of attachment, indicating that the changes in kinetics from solution to surface systems are related to interactions between the surface-bound motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory T Carroll
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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23
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Zhang X, Wang C, Lu X, Zeng Y. Nonlinear optical response of liquid crystalline azo-dendrimer in picosecond and CW regimes. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Ercole F, Davis TP, Evans RA. Photo-responsive systems and biomaterials: photochromic polymers, light-triggered self-assembly, surface modification, fluorescence modulation and beyond. Polym Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b9py00300b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Priimagi A, Lindfors K, Kaivola M, Rochon P. Efficient surface-relief gratings in hydrogen-bonded polymer-azobenzene complexes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2009; 1:1183-1189. [PMID: 20355911 DOI: 10.1021/am9002149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We show that efficient photoinduced surface-relief gratings can be inscribed in polymer-azobenzene complexes which are bonded by phenol-pyridine hydrogen bonding. The grating inscription was studied as a function of chromophore concentration and the molecular weight of the host polymer, both of which can be easily tuned without demanding organic synthesis. Stable gratings with modulation depth as high as 440 nm and with diffraction efficiency exceeding 40% were inscribed in the equimolar complexes. Our results demonstrate that phenol-pyridine hydrogen bonding not only allows one to increase the chromophore content until each polymer unit is occupied but is also sufficiently strong to induce mass migration of the polymer chains in a manner comparable to covalently functionalized polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arri Priimagi
- Department of Applied Physics, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 3500, 02015TKK, Finland.
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26
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Tong X, Pelletier M, Lasia A, Zhao Y. FastCis–Trans Isomerization of an Azobenzene Derivative in Liquids and Liquid Crystals under a Low Electric Field. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:3596-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200705699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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27
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Tong X, Pelletier M, Lasia A, Zhao Y. FastCis–Trans Isomerization of an Azobenzene Derivative in Liquids and Liquid Crystals under a Low Electric Field. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200705699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Barrett CJ, Mamiya JI, Yager KG, Ikeda T. Photo-mechanical effects in azobenzene-containing soft materials. SOFT MATTER 2007; 3:1249-1261. [PMID: 32900091 DOI: 10.1039/b705619b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The change in shape inducible in some photo-reversible molecules using light can effect powerful changes to a variety of properties of a host material. The most ubiquitous natural molecule for reversible shape change is the rhodopsin-retinal protein system that enables vision, and this is perhaps the quintessential reversible photo-switch. Perhaps the best artificial mimic of this strong photo-switching effect however, for reversibility, speed, and simplicity of incorporation, is azobenzene. This review focuses on the study and application of reversible changes in shape that can be achieved with various systems incorporating azobenzene. This photo-mechanical effect can be defined as the reversible change in shape inducible in some molecules by the adsorption of light, which results in a significant macroscopic mechanical deformation of the host material. Thus, it does not include simple thermal expansion effects, nor does it include reversible but non-mechanical photo-switching or photo-chemistry, nor any of the wide range of optical and electro-optical switching effects for which good reviews exist elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun-Ichi Mamiya
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Kevin G Yager
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - Tomiki Ikeda
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
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29
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Algers J, Sperr P, Egger W, Liszkay L, Kögel G, de Baerdemaeker J, Maurer FHJ. Free Volume Determination of Azobenzene−PMMA Copolymer by a Pulsed Low-Energy Positron Lifetime Beam with in-Situ UV Illumination. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0486086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Algers
- Polymer Science & Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; Institut für Nukleare Festkörperphysik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, D-85577 Neubiberg, Germany; and Department of Subatomic and Radiation Physics, Universiteit Gent, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Peter Sperr
- Polymer Science & Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; Institut für Nukleare Festkörperphysik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, D-85577 Neubiberg, Germany; and Department of Subatomic and Radiation Physics, Universiteit Gent, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Werner Egger
- Polymer Science & Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; Institut für Nukleare Festkörperphysik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, D-85577 Neubiberg, Germany; and Department of Subatomic and Radiation Physics, Universiteit Gent, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Laszlo Liszkay
- Polymer Science & Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; Institut für Nukleare Festkörperphysik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, D-85577 Neubiberg, Germany; and Department of Subatomic and Radiation Physics, Universiteit Gent, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Gottfried Kögel
- Polymer Science & Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; Institut für Nukleare Festkörperphysik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, D-85577 Neubiberg, Germany; and Department of Subatomic and Radiation Physics, Universiteit Gent, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jérémie de Baerdemaeker
- Polymer Science & Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; Institut für Nukleare Festkörperphysik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, D-85577 Neubiberg, Germany; and Department of Subatomic and Radiation Physics, Universiteit Gent, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Frans H. J. Maurer
- Polymer Science & Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; Institut für Nukleare Festkörperphysik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, D-85577 Neubiberg, Germany; and Department of Subatomic and Radiation Physics, Universiteit Gent, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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31
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Norman LL, Barrett CJ. Solution Properties of Self-Assembled Amphiphilic Copolymers Determined by Isomerization Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp013619b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lana L. Norman
- McGill University, Department of Chemistry, Montreal, QC, H3A 2K6, Canada
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32
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33
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34
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Dhanabalan A, Mendonça CR, Balogh DT, Misoguti L, Constantino CJL, Giacometti JA, Zilio SC, Oliveira ON. Storage Studies of Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) Films of Methacrylate Copolymers Derivatized with Disperse Red-13. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9902495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Dhanabalan
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - C. R. Mendonça
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - D. T. Balogh
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - L. Misoguti
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - C. J. L. Constantino
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - J. A. Giacometti
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - S. C. Zilio
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - O. N. Oliveira
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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35
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Imai Y, Naka K, Chujo Y. Isomerization Behavior of Azobenzene Chromophores Attached to the Side Chain of Organic Polymer in Organic−Inorganic Polymer Hybrids. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma981360y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Imai
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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36
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Natansohn A, Rochon P. Comments on the Paper “Dynamic Processes of Optically Induced Birefringence of Azo Compounds in Amorphous Polymers below Tg” by O.-K. Song, C. H. Wang, and M. A. Pauley (Macromolecules 1997, 30, 6913). Macromolecules 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9800717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Natansohn
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada, Department of Physics, Royal Military College, Kingston, Ontario, K7K 5L0 Canada
| | - P. Rochon
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada, Department of Physics, Royal Military College, Kingston, Ontario, K7K 5L0 Canada
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37
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Buffeteau T, Lagugné Labarthet F, Pézolet M, Sourisseau C. Photoinduced Orientation of Azobenzene Chromophores in Amorphous Polymers As Studied by Real-Time Visible and FTIR Spectroscopies. Macromolecules 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ma980843z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Buffeteau
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie Moléculaire (UMR 5803-CNRS), Université Bordeaux I, 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France, and Centre de Recherche en Sciences et Ingénierie des Macromolécules, Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, G1K 7P4, Canada
| | - F. Lagugné Labarthet
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie Moléculaire (UMR 5803-CNRS), Université Bordeaux I, 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France, and Centre de Recherche en Sciences et Ingénierie des Macromolécules, Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, G1K 7P4, Canada
| | - M. Pézolet
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie Moléculaire (UMR 5803-CNRS), Université Bordeaux I, 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France, and Centre de Recherche en Sciences et Ingénierie des Macromolécules, Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, G1K 7P4, Canada
| | - C. Sourisseau
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie Moléculaire (UMR 5803-CNRS), Université Bordeaux I, 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France, and Centre de Recherche en Sciences et Ingénierie des Macromolécules, Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, G1K 7P4, Canada
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38
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Wu Y, Demachi Y, Tsutsumi O, Kanazawa A, Shiono T, Ikeda T. Photoinduced Alignment of Polymer Liquid Crystals Containing Azobenzene Moieties in the Side Chain. 2. Effect of Spacer Length of the Azobenzene Unit on Alignment Behavior. Macromolecules 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ma971035v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Wu
- Research Laboratory of Resources Utilization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Demachi
- Research Laboratory of Resources Utilization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226, Japan
| | - Osamu Tsutsumi
- Research Laboratory of Resources Utilization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kanazawa
- Research Laboratory of Resources Utilization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shiono
- Research Laboratory of Resources Utilization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226, Japan
| | - Tomiki Ikeda
- Research Laboratory of Resources Utilization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226, Japan
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39
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Imai Y, Naka K, Chujo Y. Synthesis of Photoresponsive Organic−Inorganic Polymer Hybrids from Azobenzene-Modified Poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline). Macromolecules 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ma970407x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Imai
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-01, Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-01, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-01, Japan
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40
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Schönhoff M, Mertesdorf M, Lösche M. Mechanism of Photoreorientation of Azobenzene Dyes in Molecular Films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp952052u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Schönhoff
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloid and Interface Science, Rudower Chaussée 5, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Mertesdorf
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloid and Interface Science, Rudower Chaussée 5, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Lösche
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, Leipzig University, Linnéstrasse 5, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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41
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Ho MS, Natansohn A, Barrett C, Rochon P. Azo polymers for reversible optical storage. 8. The effect of polarity of the azobenzene groups. CAN J CHEM 1995. [DOI: 10.1139/v95-218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Poly[4′-[[(2-methacryloyloxy)ethyl]ethylamino]azobenzene] (pMAEA) was prepared. Its reversible optical storage properties were studied and compared with the properties of previously reported poly[4-(2-methacryloyloxy)ethylazobenzene] (pMEA) and poly[4-nitrophenyl-4′-[[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]ethyl-amino]phenyldiazene] (pDR1M). The effect of the dipole moment of the azobenzene moiety on the optical storage properties was studied by comparing the photochemically induced birefringence "writing" and "relaxation" behaviors. The writing and relaxation rates are both in the order pDR1M > pMAEA > pMEA. In addition, pDR1M, which contains donor/acceptor substituents in the azobenzene side chain, exhibits the highest saturation level of optically induced birefringence. The fraction of birefringence conserved after relaxation is lowest for pMEA, which has no donor/acceptor substituents in the azobenzene side chain, and highest for pDR1M. Keywords: polymers, azobenzene type, birefringence, photochemically induced orientation, reversible optical storage.
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