1
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Kida T, Hiejima Y, Nitta KH, Yamaguchi M. Evaluation of microscopic structural changes during strain hardening of polyethylene solids using In situ Raman, SAXS, and WAXD measurements under step-cycle test. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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2
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Insights on Shear Transfer Efficiency in "Brick-and-Mortar" Composites Made of 2D Carbon Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081359. [PMID: 35458067 PMCID: PMC9027589 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Achieving high mechanical performances in nanocomposites reinforced with lamellar fillers has been a great challenge in the last decade. Many efforts have been made to fabricate synthetic materials whose properties resemble those of the reinforcement. To achieve this, special architectures have been considered mimicking existing materials, such as nacre. However, achieving the desired performances is challenging since the mechanical response of the material is influenced by many factors, such as the filler content, the matrix molecular mobility and the compatibility between the two phases. Most importantly, the properties of a macroscopic bulk material strongly depend on the interaction at atomic levels and on their synergetic effect. In particular, the formation of highly-ordered brick-and-mortar structures depends on the interaction forces between the two phases. Consequently, poor mechanical performances of the material are associated with interface issues and low stress transfer from the matrix to the nanoparticles. Therefore, improvement of the interface at the chemical level enhances the mechanical response of the material. The purpose of this review is to give insight into the stress transfer mechanism in high filler content composites reinforced with 2D carbon nanoparticles and to describe the parameters that influence the efficiency of stress transfer and the strategies to improve it.
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3
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Li J, Liang Y, Li W, Xu N, Zhu B, Wu Z, Wang X, Fan S, Wang M, Zhu J. Protecting ice from melting under sunlight via radiative cooling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj9756. [PMID: 35148187 PMCID: PMC8836806 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj9756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
As ice plays a critical role in various aspects of life, from food preservation to ice sports and ecosystem, it is desirable to protect ice from melting, especially under sunlight. The fundamental reason for ice melt under sunlight is related to the imbalanced energy flows of the incoming sunlight and outgoing thermal radiation. Therefore, radiative cooling, which can balance the energy flows without energy consumption, offers a sustainable approach for ice protection. Here, we demonstrate that a hierarchically designed radiative cooling film based on abundant and eco-friendly cellulose acetate molecules versatilely provides effective and passive protection to various forms/scales of ice under sunlight. This work provides inspiration for developing an effective, scalable, and sustainable route for preserving ice and other critical elements of ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- GPL Photonics Lab, State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, P. R. China
| | - Ning Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xueyang Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shanhui Fan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Minghuai Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Corresponding author. (J.Z.); (M.W.)
| | - Jia Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Corresponding author. (J.Z.); (M.W.)
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4
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Mechanical degradation estimation of thermosets by peak shift assessment: General approach using infrared spectroscopy. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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5
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A Pragmatic and High-Performance Radiative Cooling Coating with Near-Ideal Selective Emissive Spectrum for Passive Cooling. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Radiative cooling is a passive cooling technology that can cool a space without any external energy by reflecting sunlight and radiating heat to the universe. Current reported radiative cooling techniques can present good outside test results, however, manufacturing an efficient radiative material which can be applied to the market for large-scale application is still a huge challenge. Here, an effective radiative cooling coating with a near-ideal selective emissive spectrum is prepared based on the molecular vibrations of SiOx, mica, rare earth silicate, and molybdate functional nanoparticles. The radiative cooling coating can theoretically cool 45 °C below the ambient temperature in the nighttime. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) aluminized film was selected as the coating substrate for its flexibility, low cost, and extensive production. As opposed to the usual investigations that measure the substrate temperature, the radiative cooling coating was made into a cubic box to test its space cooling performance on a rooftop. Results showed that a temperature reduction of 4 ± 0.5 °C was obtained in the nighttime and 1 ± 0.2 °C was achieved in the daytime. Furthermore, the radiative cooling coating is resistant to weathering, fouling, and ultraviolet radiation, and is capable of self-cleaning due to its hydrophobicity. This practical coating may have a significant impact on global energy consumption.
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6
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Rheo-Raman spectroscopic study of plasticity and elasticity transformation in poly(ether-block-amide) thermoplastic elastomers. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.122128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Mandal J, Fu Y, Overvig AC, Jia M, Sun K, Shi NN, Zhou H, Xiao X, Yu N, Yang Y. Hierarchically porous polymer coatings for highly efficient passive daytime radiative cooling. Science 2018; 362:315-319. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aat9513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 610] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) involves spontaneously cooling a surface by reflecting sunlight and radiating heat to the cold outer space. Current PDRC designs are promising alternatives to electrical cooling but are either inefficient or have limited applicability. We present a simple, inexpensive, and scalable phase inversion–based method for fabricating hierarchically porous poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene) [P(VdF-HFP)HP] coatings with excellent PDRC capability. High, substrate-independent hemispherical solar reflectances (0.96 ± 0.03) and long-wave infrared emittances (0.97 ± 0.02) allow for subambient temperature drops of ~6°C and cooling powers of ~96 watts per square meter (W m−2) under solar intensities of 890 and 750 W m−2, respectively. The performance equals or surpasses those of state-of-the-art PDRC designs, and the technique offers a paint-like simplicity.
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8
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Sammon MS, Ončák M, Beyer MK. Theoretical simulation of the infrared signature of mechanically stressed polymer solids. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:1710-1716. [PMID: 28904614 PMCID: PMC5564256 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stress leads to deformation of strands in polymer solids, including elongation of covalent bonds and widening of bond angles, which changes the infrared spectrum. Here, the infrared spectrum of solid polymer samples exposed to mechanical stress is simulated by density functional theory calculations. Mechanical stress is described with the external force explicitly included (EFEI) method. The uneven distribution of the external stress on individual polymer strands is accounted for by a convolution of simulated spectra with a realistic force distribution. N-Propylpropanamide and propyl propanoate are chosen as model molecules for polyamide and polyester, respectively. The effect of a specific force on the polymer backbone is a redshift of vibrational modes involving the C-N and C-O bonds in the backbone, while the free C-O stretching mode perpendicular to the backbone is largely unaffected. The convolution with a realistic force distribution shows that the dominant effect on the strongest infrared bands is not a shift of the peak position, but rather peak broadening and a characteristic change in the relative intensities of the strongest bands, which may serve for the identification and quantification of mechanical stress in polymer solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Sammon
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin K Beyer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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9
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Force dependence of the infrared spectra of polypropylene calculated with density functional theory. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Abstract
When one brings "polymeric materials" and "mechanical action" into the same conversation, the topic of this discussion might naturally focus on everyday circumstances such as failure of fibers, fatigue of composites, abrasion of coatings, etc. This intuitive viewpoint reflects the historic consensus in both academia and industry that mechanically induced chemical changes are destructive, leading to polymer degradation that limits materials lifetime on both macroscopic and molecular levels. In the 1930s, Staudinger observed mechanical degradation of polymers, and Melville later discovered that polymer chain scission caused the degradation. Inspired by these historical observations, we sought to redirect the destructive mechanical energy to a productive form that enables mechanoresponsive functions. In this Account, we provide a personal perspective on the origin, barriers, developments, and key advancements of polymer mechanochemistry. We revisit the seminal events that offered molecular-level insights into the mechanochemical behavior of polymers and influenced our thinking. We also highlight the milestones achieved by our group along with the contributions from key comrades at the frontier of this field. We present a workflow for the design, evaluation, and development of new "mechanophores", a term that has come to mean a molecular unit that chemically responds in a selective manner to a mechanical perturbation. We discuss the significance of computation in identifying pairs of points on the mechanophore that promote stretch-induced activation. Attaching polymer chains to the mechanophore at the most sensitive pair and locating the mechanophore near the center of a linear polymer are thought to maximize the efficiency of mechanical-to-chemical energy transduction. We also emphasize the importance of control experiments to validate mechanochemical transformations, both in solution and in the solid state, to differentiate "mechanical" from "thermal" activation. This Account offers our first-hand perspective of the change-in-thinking in polymer mechanochemistry from "destructive" to "productive" and looks at future advances that will stimulate this growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Beckman
Institute for Advanced
Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Chikkannagari Nagamani
- Beckman
Institute for Advanced
Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jeffrey S. Moore
- Beckman
Institute for Advanced
Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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11
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Kuriyagawa M, Kawamura T, Hayashi S, Nitta KH. Reinforcement of polyurethane-based shape memory polymer by hindered phenol compounds and silica particles. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Wool RP, Campanella A. Twinkling fractal theory of the glass transition: Rate dependence and time-temperature superposition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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14
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Pesapane A, Snively CM, Ikeda RM, Chase DB, Rabolt JF. Dynamic infrared study of polyphenylene sulfide using planar array infrared spectroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2008; 62:1124-1128. [PMID: 18926022 DOI: 10.1366/000370208786049060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Planar array infrared (PA-IR) spectroscopy was used to study polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) at room temperature during the application of a sinusoidal elastic deformation. All of the intensity in the dynamic spectra was contained within the in-phase spectrum, which was expected since the measurements were carried out at room temperature, far below the glass transition temperature. The contributions of chain orientation, sample thinning, and stress-induced band shifts were separated in the dynamic spectra. It was found that the effects of chain orientation and sample thinning canceled each other out. Stress-induced band shifts far below the spectral resolution, on the order of 0.01 cm(-1), were quantified and used to calculate the stress optical coefficients and mode Gruneisen parameters for PPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pesapane
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19701, USA
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15
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Kochervinskii VV. Specifics of structural transformations in poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based ferroelectric polymers in high electric fields. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238208010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Abstract
The ability of materials to self-heal from mechanical and thermally induced damage is explored in this paper and has significance in the field of fracture and fatigue. The history and evolution of several self-repair systems is examined including nano-beam healing elements, passive self-healing, autonomic self-healing and ballistic self-repair. Self-healing mechanisms utilized in the design of these unusual materials draw much information from the related field of polymer-polymer interfaces and crack healing. The relationship of material damage to material healing is examined in a manner to provide an understanding of the kinetics and damage reversal processes necessary to impart self-healing characteristics. In self-healing systems, there are transitions from hard-to-soft matter in ballistic impact and solvent bonding and conversely, soft-to-hard matter transitions in high rate yielding materials and shear-thickening fluids. These transitions are examined in terms of a new theory of the glass transition and yielding, viz., the twinkling fractal theory of the hard-to-soft matter transition. Success in the design of self-healing materials has important consequences for material safety, product performance and enhanced fatigue lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Wool
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark DE 19716-3144, USA.
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17
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Kober K, Egorov EA, Zhizhenkov VV, Tshmel A. Chain Straightening During Constant-Strain Relaxation in Melt-Crystallized Polyethylene Films. J MACROMOL SCI B 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/mb-120024816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Kober
- a Fracture Physics Department , Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute , Russian Academy of Sciences , St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E. A. Egorov
- a Fracture Physics Department , Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute , Russian Academy of Sciences , St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V. V. Zhizhenkov
- a Fracture Physics Department , Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute , Russian Academy of Sciences , St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A. Tshmel
- a Fracture Physics Department , Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute , Russian Academy of Sciences , St. Petersburg, Russia
- b Fracture Physics Department , Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute , Russian Academy of Sciences , 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia
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18
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Sturcová A, Eichhorn SJ, Jarvis MC. Vibrational Spectroscopy of Biopolymers Under Mechanical Stress: Processing Cellulose Spectra Using Bandshift Difference Integrals. Biomacromolecules 2006; 7:2688-91. [PMID: 16961333 DOI: 10.1021/bm060457m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical stretching of covalent bonds, for example when a fibrous polymer is loaded in tension, results in their stretching vibrational bands in the infrared or Raman spectrum being shifted to lower frequency. Conversely stretching a hydrogen bond shifts the stretching vibrational mode of the donor covalent X-H bond to higher frequency. These band shifts are small and difficult to detect in complex regions of the spectrum where differently affected bands overlap. This paper describes a method of integrating the difference spectra (spectrum under tensile strain minus spectrum at zero tensile strain) to recover the shape of the bands that are shifted and the spectral variation in bandshift. The application of this method to two sets of vibrational spectra of cellulose under tension is described. In one example, C-O-C stretching bands of highly crystalline tunicate cellulose were observed to shift to lower frequency under axial strain. In the other example, a group of overlapping O-D stretching bands in partially deuterated cellulose showed varied bandshifts under axial strain, some bandshifts being positive as expected due to extension of axially oriented hydrogen bonds while others were negative. The possibility of constructing spectral plots of bandshift has the potential to clarify the interpretation of overlapped, shifting bands in the vibrational spectra of polymers under tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Sturcová
- WestChem, Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
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19
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Galitsyn V, Khizhnyak S, Pakhomov P, Tshmel A. LAM Study of Chain Straightening During Stress Relaxation in Gel-Spun Polyethylene Fibers. J MACROMOL SCI B 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/mb-120023559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Galitsyn
- a Institute of Synthetic Fiber , Tver', Russia
| | | | - P. Pakhomov
- b Physico-Chemistry Department , Tver' State University , Tver', Russia
| | - A. Tshmel
- c Fracture Physics Department , Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences , St. Petersburg, Russia
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20
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Kochervinskii VV. Mechanism of polarization and piezoelectric behavior in crystallizable ferroelectric polymers from the standpoint of propagation of soliton waves. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238206010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Salme¢¥n L, Åkerholm M, Hinterstoisser B. Two-Dimensional Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Applied to Cellulose and Paper. POLYSACCHARIDES 2004. [DOI: 10.1201/9781420030822.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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22
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Akerholm M, Hinterstoisser B, Salmén L. Characterization of the crystalline structure of cellulose using static and dynamic FT-IR spectroscopy. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:569-78. [PMID: 15013393 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2003.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2003] [Revised: 09/18/2003] [Accepted: 11/18/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The cellulose structure is a factor of major importance for the strength properties of wood pulp fibers. The ability to characterize small differences in the crystalline structures of cellulose from fibers of different origins is thus highly important. In this work, dynamic FT-IR spectroscopy has been further explored as a method sensitive to cellulose structure variations. Using a model system of two different celluloses, the relation between spectral information and the relative cellulose Ialpha content was investigated. This relation was then used to determine the relative cellulose Ialpha content in different pulps. The estimated cellulose I allomorph compositions were found to be reasonable for both unbleached and bleached chemical pulps. In addition, it was found that the dynamic FT-IR spectroscopy technique had the potential to indicate possible correlation field splitting peaks of cellulose Ibeta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaretha Akerholm
- STFI, Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Box 5604, 114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Loo LS, Gleason KK. Insights into Structure and Mechanical Behavior of α and γ Crystal Forms of Nylon-6 at Low Strain by Infrared Studies. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma034213v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie S. Loo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Karen K. Gleason
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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24
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25
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Paipetis A, Galiotis C. Modelling the stress–transfer efficiency of carbon–epoxy interfaces. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2000.0774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Paipetis
- Department of Materials, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4Ns, UK
| | - C. Galiotis
- Department of Materials, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4Ns, UK
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Processes, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Stadiou Street, Platani, PO Box 1414, GR-265 00 Patras, Greece
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26
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27
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Kischel M, Kisters D, Strohe G, Veeman W. Dynamic infrared spectroscopy, a tool to detect hydrogen bonds in polymers? Eur Polym J 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0014-3057(98)00011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Abstract
The mechanisms of load transfer in single carbon-fibre/epoxy-resin model composites, are investigated. The composites are subjected to incremental tensile loading and the fibre fragmentation process is continuously monitored. The fibre strain distribution along the fibre fragments is derived through the Raman spectrum of the carbon fibre and its strain dependence. In turn, the interfacial shear stress distribution is evaluated by means of a balance of forces analysis. The effect of fibre surface treatment and fibre modulus upon the stress transfer profiles and the distribution of the interfacial shear stress along the fibre, are also examined. Finally, the importance of parameters, such as, fibre/matrix debonding and interphasial yielding at the vicinity of fibre breaks, is discussed.
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29
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Tashiro K, Nishimura H, Kobayashi M. First Success in Direct Analysis of Microscopic Deformation Mechanism of Polydiacetylene Single Crystal by the X-ray Imaging-Plate System. Macromolecules 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ma960882f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Tashiro
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Nishimura
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560, Japan
| | - Masamichi Kobayashi
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560, Japan
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30
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Webster S, Bower D. The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the position of the 1616 cm−1 Raman line of poly(ethylene terephthalate). POLYMER 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(95)92234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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32
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Pfeffer GA, Sumpter BG, Noid DW. Conformational changes in a polyethylene model under tension and compression. POLYM ENG SCI 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.760321715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Chalmers J, Mackenzie M, Willis H, Edwards H, Lees J, Long D. FTIR spectroscopic studies of isotactic polypropylene films under stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0584-8539(91)80005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Fina L, Bower D, Ward I. Raman spectroscopy of stressed samples of oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate). POLYMER 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(88)90105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Spectroscopic observations on nonequilibrium glassy poly(vinyl chloride) and polystyrene. POLYM ENG SCI 1984. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.760241409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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