1
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Mora-Rodríguez SE, Camacho-Ramírez A, Cervantes-González J, Vázquez MA, Cervantes-Jauregui JA, Feliciano A, Guerra-Contreras A, Lagunas-Rivera S. Organic dyes supported on silicon-based materials: synthesis and applications as photocatalysts. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01751a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The most important advance in photocatalysis in the last decade has been the synthesis and application of organic compounds to promote this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma E. Mora-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química, DCNyE, Universidad de Guanajuato Institution, Noria Alta s/n, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico
| | - Abygail Camacho-Ramírez
- Departamento de Química, DCNyE, Universidad de Guanajuato Institution, Noria Alta s/n, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico
| | - Javier Cervantes-González
- Departamento de Química, DCNyE, Universidad de Guanajuato Institution, Noria Alta s/n, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico
| | - Miguel A. Vázquez
- Departamento de Química, DCNyE, Universidad de Guanajuato Institution, Noria Alta s/n, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico
| | - Jorge A. Cervantes-Jauregui
- Departamento de Química, DCNyE, Universidad de Guanajuato Institution, Noria Alta s/n, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico
| | - Alberto Feliciano
- Departamento de Química, DCNyE, Universidad de Guanajuato Institution, Noria Alta s/n, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico
| | - Antonio Guerra-Contreras
- Departamento de Química, DCNyE, Universidad de Guanajuato Institution, Noria Alta s/n, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico
| | - Selene Lagunas-Rivera
- Cátedra-CONACyT, Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, DCNyE, Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato, Gto., 36050, Mexico
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2
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Li M, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Peng M, Yan L, Tang Z, Wu Q. Continuous Gas–Liquid–Solid Slug Flow for Sustainable Heterogeneously Catalyzed PET-RAFT Polymerization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People’s Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaheng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Peng
- Analytical Instrumentation
Center, School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liuming Yan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Science and Technology Development, China National Offshore Oil Corporation, Beijing, 100010, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Xia K, Rubaie A, Johnson B, Tillman ES. “Greener” Coupling of Poly(methyl methacrylate) and Poly(methyl acrylate) Chains using Activators Generated by Electron Transfer and Radical Traps. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Xia
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistrySanta Clara University 500 El Camino Real Santa Clara CA 95053 USA
| | - Alia Rubaie
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistrySanta Clara University 500 El Camino Real Santa Clara CA 95053 USA
| | - Brendan Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistrySanta Clara University 500 El Camino Real Santa Clara CA 95053 USA
| | - Eric S. Tillman
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistrySanta Clara University 500 El Camino Real Santa Clara CA 95053 USA
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4
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Yao L, Zhang B, Jiang H, Zhang L, Zhu X. Poly(Ionic Liquid): A New Phase in a Thermoregulated Phase Separated Catalysis and Catalyst Recycling System of Transition Metal-Mediated ATRP. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E347. [PMID: 30966382 PMCID: PMC6415167 DOI: 10.3390/polym10040347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) have become the frontier domains in separation science because of the special properties of ionic liquids as well as their corresponding polymers. Considering their function in separation, we designed and synthesized a thermoregulated PIL. That is, this kind of PIL could separate with an organic phase which dissolves the monomers at ambient temperature. When heated to the reaction temperature, they become a homogeneous phase, and they separate again when the temperature falls to the ambient temperature after polymerization. Based on this, a thermoregulated phase separated catalysis (TPSC) system for Cu-based atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was constructed. The copper catalyst (CuBr₂) used here is easily separated and recycled in situ just by changing the temperature in this system. Moreover, even when the catalyst had been recycled five times, the controllability over resultant polymers is still satisfying. Finally, only 1~2 ppm metal catalyst was left in the polymer solution phase, which indicates the really high recycling efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yao
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Bingjie Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Hongjuan Jiang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China.
- Changzhou Huake Polymers Co., Ltd., 602 Yulong Road, Xinbei District, Changzhou 213022, China.
| | - Lifen Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China.
- Global Institute of Soft Technology, No. 5 Qingshan Road, Suzhou National Hi-Tech District, Suzhou 215163, China.
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5
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Shanmugam S, Xu S, Adnan NNM, Boyer C. Heterogeneous Photocatalysis as a Means for Improving Recyclability of Organocatalyst in “Living” Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sivaprakash Shanmugam
- Centre
for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical
Engineering, and ‡Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sihao Xu
- Centre
for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical
Engineering, and ‡Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nik Nik M. Adnan
- Centre
for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical
Engineering, and ‡Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre
for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical
Engineering, and ‡Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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6
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Tabebordbar H, Mohamadnia Z, Ahmadi E. Atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate using copper-based homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-017-0204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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7
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Allushi A, Jockusch S, Yilmaz G, Yagci Y. Photoinitiated Metal-Free Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization Using Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrit Allushi
- Department
of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Steffen Jockusch
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Gorkem Yilmaz
- Department
of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department
of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
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8
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Yan J, Pan X, Schmitt M, Wang Z, Bockstaller MR, Matyjaszewski K. Enhancing Initiation Efficiency in Metal-Free Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (SI-ATRP). ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:661-665. [PMID: 35614657 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined polymer-inorganic hybrid materials were prepared via metal-free surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) with 10-phenylphenothiazine (PhPTZ) as the photocatalyst and 2-bromo-2-phenylacetate initiator tethered to silica surfaces. Initiation efficiency and, hence, graft density were significantly enhanced by this very reactive initiator. The polymerization kinetics, effect of initiator structures, particle sizes, and catalyst concentrations were investigated. Well-defined hybrid particles were prepared at a low catalyst concentration (0.02 mol % or 0.1 mol % to monomer). Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with number-average molecular weight of 3.65 × 104, dispersity of 1.43, and graft density of 0.60 chain/nm2 was grafted from the surface of silica nanoparticles. The hybrid materials were characterized with size exclusion chromatography (SEC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Yan
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Material Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Xiangcheng Pan
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Material Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Material Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Zongyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Material Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael R. Bockstaller
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Material Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Material Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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9
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10
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Kristanti A, Batchelor R, Albuszis M, Yap J, Roth PJ. Temperature–heavy metal- and temperature–anion/molecule-responsive systems based on PEG acrylate copolymers containing dipyridyl ligands. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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11
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Ding M, Jiang X, Zhang L, Cheng Z, Zhu X. Recent Progress on Transition Metal Catalyst Separation and Recycling in ATRP. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:1702-21. [PMID: 26079178 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is a versatile and robust tool to synthesize a wide spectrum of monomers with various designable structures. However, it usually needs large amounts of transition metal as the catalyst to mediate the equilibrium between the dormant and propagating species. Unfortunately, the catalyst residue may contaminate or color the resultant polymers, which limits its application, especially in biomedical and electronic materials. How to efficiently and economically remove or reduce the catalyst residue from its products is a challenging and encouraging task. Herein, recent advances in catalyst separation and recycling are highlighted with a focus on (1) highly active ppm level transition metal or metal free catalyzed ATRP; (2) post-purification method; (3) various soluble, insoluble, immobilized/soluble, and reversible supported catalyst systems; and (4) liquid-liquid biphasic catalyzed systems, especially thermo-regulated catalysis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiang Ding
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaowu Jiang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lifen Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhenping Cheng
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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12
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Redondo JA, Navarro R, Martínez-Campos E, Pérez-Perrino M, París R, López-Lacomba JL, Elvira C, Reinecke H, Gallardo A. Prodendronic polyamines from stable or labile methacrylates obtained by selective Michael addition onto asymmetric diacrylic compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Alfonso Redondo
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology; ICTP-CSIC. Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Rodrigo Navarro
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology; ICTP-CSIC. Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Enrique Martínez-Campos
- Institute of Biofunctional Studies; Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Paseo de Juan XXIII 1; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Mónica Pérez-Perrino
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology; ICTP-CSIC. Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Rodrigo París
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo; Repsol, Dirección de Tecnología Química; Autovía A-5, Km.18 28931 Móstoles Madrid Spain
| | - José Luis López-Lacomba
- Institute of Biofunctional Studies; Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Paseo de Juan XXIII 1; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Carlos Elvira
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology; ICTP-CSIC. Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Helmut Reinecke
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology; ICTP-CSIC. Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Alberto Gallardo
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology; ICTP-CSIC. Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
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13
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Du X, Pan J, Chen M, Zhang L, Cheng Z, Zhu X. Thermo-regulated phase separable catalysis (TPSC)-based atom transfer radical polymerization in a thermo-regulated ionic liquid. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:9266-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03918a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A thermo-regulated phase separable catalysis (TPSC) system for AGET ATRP based on a thermo-regulated ionic liquid was developed for the first time. The corresponding transition metal catalysts could be easily recovered and reused several times with negligible loss of catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Jinlong Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Mengting Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Lifen Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Zhenping Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
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14
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Chan N, Cunningham MF, Hutchinson RA. Copper-mediated controlled radical polymerization in continuous flow processes: Synergy between polymer reaction engineering and innovative chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Michael F. Cunningham
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Robin A. Hutchinson
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario Canada K7L 3N6
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15
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Toloza Porras C, D'hooge DR, Reyniers MF, Marin GB. Computer-Aided Optimization of Conditions for Fast and Controlled ICAR ATRP of n
-Butyl Acrylate. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201200074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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He W, Jiang H, Zhang L, Cheng Z, Zhu X. Atom transfer radical polymerization of hydrophilic monomers and its applications. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00122a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Shivapooja P, Ista LK, Canavan HE, Lopez GP. ARGET-ATRP synthesis and characterization of PNIPAAm brushes for quantitative cell detachment studies. Biointerphases 2012; 7:32. [PMID: 22589075 PMCID: PMC3842120 DOI: 10.1007/s13758-012-0032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimuli responsive (or "smart") polymer brushes represent a non-toxic approach for achieving release of biofouling layers. Thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) polymer brushes have been shown to modulate bacterial adhesion and release through transition between temperatures above and below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST ~32 °C) of PNIPAAm in water. In this article, we describe a convenient method to synthesize grafted PNIPAAm brushes over large areas for biological studies using a relatively simple and rapid method which allows atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in presence of air using the activator regenerated electron transfer (ARGET) mechanism. PNIPAAm brushes were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and contact angle measurements. Our studies demonstrate that uniform, high purity PNIPAAm brushes with controlled and high molecular weight can be easily produced over large areas using ARGET-ATRP. We also report the use of a spinning disk apparatus to systematically and quantitatively study the detachment profiles of bacteria from PNIPAAm surfaces under a range (0-400 dyne/cm(2)) of shear stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linnea K. Ista
- />Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Heather E. Canavan
- />Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Gabriel P. Lopez
- />Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
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18
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Clark AJ, Collis AEC, Fox DJ, Halliwell LL, James N, O’Reilly RK, Parekh H, Ross A, Sellars AB, Willcock H, Wilson P. Atom-Transfer Cyclization with CuSO4/KBH4: A Formal “Activators Generated by Electron Transfer” Process Also Applicable to Atom-Transfer Polymerization. J Org Chem 2012; 77:6778-88. [PMID: 22860762 DOI: 10.1021/jo301429a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Clark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Alana E. C. Collis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - David J. Fox
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Lauren L. Halliwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Natalie James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Rachel K. O’Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Hemal Parekh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Andrew Ross
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Andrew B. Sellars
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Helen Willcock
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Paul Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands CV4 7AL, U.K
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19
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Aggarwal R, Baskaran D. Hydration Mediation in Supported Aqueous-Phase Catalysis for Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201961e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Durairaj Baskaran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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20
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Aggarwal R, Baskaran D. Effects of hydration and hydrophilicity on Na-Clay-supported aqueous-phase catalysis for atom transfer radical polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Canturk F, Karagoz B, Bicak N. Removal of the copper catalyst from atom transfer radical polymerization mixtures by chemical reduction with zinc powder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Zhao S, Zhao J, Lou LL, Liu S. Silica-supported quinine-CuBr catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate. CATAL COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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23
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He W, Zhang L, Bai L, Zhang Z, Zhu J, Cheng Z, Zhu X. Iron-mediated AGET ATRP of Methyl Methacrylate in the Presence of Catalytic Amounts of Base. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Ayres N. Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: A Robust and Versatile Route for Polymer Synthesis. POLYM REV 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2011.566402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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25
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Barthélémy B, Devillers S, Minet I, Delhalle J, Mekhalif Z. Induction heating for surface triggering styrene polymerization on titanium modified with ATRP initiator. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 354:873-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Domingues KM, Tillman ES. Radical-radical coupling of polystyrene chains using AGET ATRC. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Hexamethylenetetramine as both a ligand and a reducing agent in AGET atom transfer radical batch emulsion polymerization. Polym Bull (Berl) 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-010-0305-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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28
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Chan N, Cunningham MF, Hutchinson RA. Reducing ATRP Catalyst Concentration in Batch, Semibatch and Continuous Reactors. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.200900086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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Influence of the porous structure of activated carbons in the activity of ATRP catalyst for methyl methacrylate polymerization. Catal Today 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2009.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Minet I, Delhalle J, Hevesi L, Mekhalif Z. Surface-initiated ATRP of PMMA, PS and diblock PS-b-PMMA copolymers from stainless steel modified by 11-(2-bromoisobutyrate)-undecyl-1-phosphonic acid. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 332:317-26. [PMID: 19168187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Revised: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Minet
- CES Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
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31
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Structural and Mechanistic Aspects of Copper Catalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-87751-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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32
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Munirasu S, Aggarwal R, Baskaran D. Highly efficient recyclable hydrated-clay supported catalytic system for atom transfer radical polymerization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:4518-20. [DOI: 10.1039/b908118f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Synthesis and characterization of fluorene end-labeled polymers prepared by nitroxide-mediated polymerization. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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34
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Bergbreiter DE, Hamilton PN, Koshti NM. Self-Separating Homogeneous Copper (I) Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:10666-7. [PMID: 17676852 DOI: 10.1021/ja0741372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David E Bergbreiter
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA.
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35
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Noda T, Grice AJ, Levere ME, Haddleton DM. Continuous process for ATRP: Synthesis of homo and block copolymers. Eur Polym J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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36
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Tsarevsky NV, Matyjaszewski K. “Green” Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: From Process Design to Preparation of Well-Defined Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials. Chem Rev 2007; 107:2270-99. [PMID: 17530906 DOI: 10.1021/cr050947p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1017] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolay V Tsarevsky
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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37
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Tang H, Arulsamy N, Radosz M, Shen Y, Tsarevsky NV, Braunecker WA, Tang W, Matyjaszewski K. Highly active copper-based catalyst for atom transfer radical polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 128:16277-85. [PMID: 17165782 DOI: 10.1021/ja0653369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) generally requires a catalyst/initiator molar ratio of 0.1 to 1 and catalyst/monomer molar ratio of 0.001 to 0.01 (i.e., catalyst concentration: 1000-10,000 ppm versus monomer). Herein, we report a new copper-based complex CuBr/N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN) as a versatile and highly active catalyst for acrylic, methacrylic, and styrenic monomers. The catalyst mediated ATRP at a catalyst/initiator molar ratio of 0.005 and produced polymers with well-controlled molecular weights and low polydispersities. ATRP occurred even at a catalyst/initiator molar ratio as low as 0.001 with copper concentration in the produced polymers as low as 6-8 ppm (catalyst/monomer molar ratio = 10(-5)). The catalyst structures were studied by X-ray diffraction and NMR spectroscopy. The activator CuIBr/TPEN existed in solution as binuclear and mononuclear complexes in equilibrium but as a binuclear complex in its single crystals. The deactivator CuIIBr2/TPEN complex was mononuclear. High stability and appropriate KATRP (ATRP equilibrium constant) were found crucial for the catalyst working under high dilution or in coordinating solvents/monomers. This provides guidance for further design of highly active ATRP catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huadong Tang
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA
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38
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Vo CD, Schmid A, Armes SP, Sakai K, Biggs S. Surface ATRP of hydrophilic monomers from ultrafine aqueous silica sols using anionic polyelectrolytic macroinitiators. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:408-13. [PMID: 17209588 DOI: 10.1021/la063003j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A convenient two-step route was developed to prepare new anionic ATRP macroinitiators from near-monodisperse poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) precursors by partial esterification with 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide, followed by esterification of the remaining hydroxyl groups using excess 2-sulfobenzoic acid cyclic anhydride. These new macroinitiators can be electrostatically adsorbed onto ultrafine cationic Ludox CL silica sols; subsequent surface polymerization of various hydrophilic monomers in aqueous solution at room temperature afforded a range of polymer-grafted ultrafine silica sols. The resulting sterically stabilized particles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, aqueous electrophoresis, FTIR spectroscopy, and elemental microanalyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Duan Vo
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK.
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39
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Faucher S, Zhu S. Fundamentals and development of high-efficiency supported catalyst systems for atom transfer radical polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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40
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Niibayashi S, Hayakawa H, Jin RH, Nagashima H. Reusable and environmentally friendly ionic trinuclear iron complex catalyst for atom transfer radical polymerization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:1855-7. [PMID: 17476410 DOI: 10.1039/b617722k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ionic iron complex [(Me(3)tacn)(2)Fe(2)Cl(3)](+)[(Me(3)tacn)FeCl(3)](-) (1), which is readily soluble in methanol, acted as a powerful catalyst in controlled radical polymerization of styrene and MMA, and showed promising features of removal from the resulting polymers and was reusable after recovery from the crude products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Niibayashi
- Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Incorporated, 631 Sakado, Sakura, Chiba, Japan
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41
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42
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Ding S, Xing Y, Radosz M, Shen Y. Magnetic Nanoparticle Supported Catalyst for Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma061062y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Ding
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of MissouriRolla, Rolla, Missouri 65409
| | - Yangchuan Xing
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of MissouriRolla, Rolla, Missouri 65409
| | - Maciej Radosz
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of MissouriRolla, Rolla, Missouri 65409
| | - Youqing Shen
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of MissouriRolla, Rolla, Missouri 65409
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43
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Faucher S, Zhu S. Feasibility Analysis of Surface Mediation in Supported Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma060515w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Faucher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7
| | - Shiping Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7
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44
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Clark AJ, Geden JV, Thom S. Solid-Supported Copper Catalysts for Atom-Transfer Radical Cyclizations: Assessment of Support Type and Ligand Structure on Catalyst Performance in the Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocycles. J Org Chem 2006; 71:1471-9. [PMID: 16468796 DOI: 10.1021/jo0521605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A range of solid supported pyridinemethanimine 9-11 and polyamine 12-15 ligands have been prepared on silica, polystyrene, and JandaJel supports. The CuCl and CuBr complexes of these supported ligands have been used to assess both the effect of the ligand type and the nature of the support upon a representative range of copper-mediated atom transfer 5-exo-trig 6, 24-25, 5-exo-dig 26, 4-exo-trig 28, and 5-endo-trig 27, 38 radical cyclizations to give nitrogen heterocycles. In addition, the effect of the nature of the support on the stereochemical outcome of the 5-exo cyclization of 25 has been probed. Generally, it was found that the type of support (e.g., polystyrene, silica, or JandaJel) had very little effect upon the efficiency and selectivity of the processes but that the nature of the ligand type immobilized was the important factor. Thus, the 5-exo cyclization of 6 and 24-26 proceeded more rapidly with the PMI ligands 9-11, whereas 4-exo cyclizations 28 and 5-endo radical polar crossover reactions 27 and 38 proceeded more efficiently with the JJ-TEDETA ligand 15. The efficiency of the supported ligands was also compared to their solution counterparts 4 and 5. The reusability of P-PMDETA ligand system 13 was assessed in the cyclization of 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Clark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands CV4 7AL, UK.
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45
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Tsarevsky NV, Matyjaszewski K. Environmentally benign atom transfer radical polymerization: Towards “green” processes and materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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46
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Fournier D, Pascual S, Montembault V, Fontaine L. Elaboration of well-defined Rasta resins and their use as supported catalytic systems for atom transfer radical polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Faucher S, Okrutny P, Zhu S. Facile and Effective Purification of Polymers Produced by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization via Simple Catalyst Precipitation and Microfiltration. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma051920a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Faucher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7
| | - Paul Okrutny
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7
| | - Shiping Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7
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48
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Takolpuckdee P, Mars CA, Perrier S. Merrifield Resin-Supported Chain Transfer Agents, Precursors for RAFT Polymerization. Org Lett 2005; 7:3449-52. [PMID: 16048314 DOI: 10.1021/ol051078t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The modification of Merrifield resins to form chain transfer agent (CTA) precursors for reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is investigated. A series of CTA precursor resins were prepared and characterized by FTIR and elemental analysis (EA). [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Pittaya Takolpuckdee
- Department of Colour and Polymer Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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49
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Ding S, Radosz M, Shen Y. Ionic Liquid Catalyst for Biphasic Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma050093a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Ding
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071
| | - Maciej Radosz
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071
| | - Youqing Shen
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071
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50
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Wang YP, Pei XW, He XY, Yuan K. Synthesis of well-defined, polymer-grafted silica nanoparticles via reverse ATRP. Eur Polym J 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2004.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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