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Bhat B, Pahari S, Kwon JSI, Akbulut MES. Stimuli-responsive viscosity modifiers. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 321:103025. [PMID: 37871381 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli responsive viscosity modifiers entail an important class of materials which allow for smart material formation utilizing various stimuli for switching such as pH, temperature, light and salinity. They have seen applications in the biomedical space including tissue engineering and drug delivery, wherein stimuli responsive hydrogels and polymeric vessels have been extensively applied. Applications have also been seen in other domains like the energy sector and automobile industry, in technologies such as enhanced oil recovery. The chemistry and microstructural arrangements of the aqueous morphologies of dissolved materials are usually sensitive to the aforementioned stimuli which subsequently results in rheological sensitivity as well. Herein, we overview different structures capable of viscosity modification as well as go over the rheological theory associated with classical systems studied in literature. A detailed analysis allows us to explore correlations between commonly discussed models such as molecular packing parameter, tube reptation and stress relaxation with structural and rheological changes. We then present five primary mechanisms corresponding to stimuli responsive viscosity modification: (i) packing parameter modification via functional group conditioning and (ii) via dynamic bond formation, (iii) mesh formation by interlinking of network nodes, (iv) viscosity modification by chain conformation changes and (v) viscosity modification by particle jamming. We also overview several recent examples from literature that employ the concepts discussed to create novel classes of intriguing stimuli responsive structures and their corresponding rheological properties. Furthermore, we also explore systems that are responsive to multiple stimuli which can provide enhanced functionality and versatility by providing multi-level and precise actuation. Such systems have been used for programmed site-specific drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargavi Bhat
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Silabrata Pahari
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Joseph Sang-Il Kwon
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Texas A&M Energy Institute, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Mustafa E S Akbulut
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Texas A&M Energy Institute, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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2
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McCauley PJ, Kumar S, Calabrese MA. Criteria Governing Rod Formation and Growth in Nonionic Polymer Micelles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:11676-11687. [PMID: 34601878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled wormlike micelles (WLMs) are widely studied in small-molecule surfactants due to their unique ability to break and recombine; however, less is known about the structure and dynamics of nonionic polymer WLMs. Here, solutions of seven triblock poloxamers, composed of poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) midblocks and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) end blocks, are comprehensively examined to determine the role of poloxamer composition, temperature, and inorganic salt type and concentration on rod formation and subsequent elongation into WLMs. Phase separation and sphere-to-rod transition temperatures were quantified via cloud point measurements and shear rheology, respectively, and corroborated with small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The local microstructure of resulting rodlike micelles is remarkably similar across poloxamer type and sodium fluoride (NaF) or sodium chloride (NaCl) content. Salt addition reduces transition temperatures, with the most pronounced effects for poloxamers with high PEO molecular weights and PEO fractions. Between these two temperatures, several poloxamers elongate into WLMs, where shear rheology detects increases in viscosity up to 6 orders of magnitude. Despite similar local microstructures, poloxamer identity and salt content impact micelle growth substantially, where large poloxamers with lower PEO fractions exhibit the highest viscosities and longest relaxation times. While sodium fluoride has little impact on micelle growth, increasing NaCl concentration dramatically increases the WLM viscosity and relaxation time. This result is explained by different interactions of each salt with the micelle: whereas NaF interacts primarily with PEO chains, NaCl may also partition to the PPO/PEO interface in low levels, increasing micelle surface tension, scission energy, and contour length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J McCauley
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
| | - Satish Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
| | - Michelle A Calabrese
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
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3
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Liu S, Zhang Z, Chen Q, Matsumiya Y, Watanabe H. Nonlinear Rheology of Telechelic Ionomers Based on Sodium Sulfonate and Carboxylate. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022 Changchun, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022 Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022 Changchun, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Yumi Matsumiya
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, 611-0011 Uji, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, 611-0011 Uji, Japan
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4
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Araki Y, Arai N. Dissociation effect of non-covalent bond for morphological behavior of triblock copolymers: a dissipative particle dynamics study. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2019.1680369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Araki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Arai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
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5
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6
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Dutertre F, Benyahia L, Chassenieux C, Nicolai T. Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Networks of Wormlike Micelles Formed by Self-Assembled Comblike Amphiphilic Copolyelectrolytes. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Dutertre
- LUNAM Université,
UMR CNRS 6283 IMMM-PCI, Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier
Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, Cedex 9, France
| | - Lazhar Benyahia
- LUNAM Université,
UMR CNRS 6283 IMMM-PCI, Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier
Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, Cedex 9, France
| | - Christophe Chassenieux
- LUNAM Université,
UMR CNRS 6283 IMMM-PCI, Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier
Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, Cedex 9, France
| | - Taco Nicolai
- LUNAM Université,
UMR CNRS 6283 IMMM-PCI, Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier
Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, Cedex 9, France
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7
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Molecular interactions between PEO–PPO–PEO and PPO–PEO–PPO triblock copolymers in aqueous solution. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Liu S, Bao H, Li L. Role of PPO–PEO–PPO triblock copolymers in phase transitions of a PEO–PPO–PEO triblock copolymer in aqueous solution. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Dey J, Kumar S, Nath S, Ganguly R, Aswal V, Ismail K. Additive induced core and corona specific dehydration and ensuing growth and interaction of Pluronic F127 micelles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 415:95-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Parekh P, Dey J, Kumar S, Nath S, Ganguly R, Aswal V, Bahadur P. Butanol solubilization in aqueous F127 solution: Investigating the enhanced micellar solvation and consequent improvement in gelation characteristics. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 114:386-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Warren NJ, Mykhaylyk OO, Mahmood D, Ryan AJ, Armes SP. RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization yields poly(ethylene glycol)-based diblock copolymer nano-objects with predictable single phase morphologies. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:1023-33. [PMID: 24400622 PMCID: PMC3920722 DOI: 10.1021/ja410593n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A poly(ethylene
glycol) (PEG) macromolecular chain transfer agent
(macro-CTA) is prepared in high yield (>95%) with 97% dithiobenzoate
chain-end functionality in a three-step synthesis starting from a
monohydroxy PEG113 precursor. This PEG113-dithiobenzoate
is then used for the reversible addition–fragmentation chain
transfer (RAFT) aqueous dispersion polymerization of 2-hydroxypropyl
methacrylate (HPMA). Polymerizations conducted under optimized conditions
at 50 °C led to high conversions as judged by 1H NMR
spectroscopy and relatively low diblock copolymer polydispersities
(Mw/Mn <
1.25) as judged by GPC. The latter technique also indicated good blocking
efficiencies, since there was minimal PEG113 macro-CTA
contamination. Systematic variation of the mean degree of polymerization
of the core-forming PHPMA block allowed PEG113-PHPMAx diblock copolymer spheres, worms, or vesicles
to be prepared at up to 17.5% w/w solids, as judged by dynamic light
scattering and transmission electron microscopy studies. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis revealed that more exotic
oligolamellar vesicles were observed at 20% w/w solids when targeting
highly asymmetric diblock compositions. Detailed analysis of SAXS
curves indicated that the mean number of membranes per oligolamellar
vesicle is approximately three. A PEG113-PHPMAx phase diagram was constructed to enable the reproducible
targeting of pure phases, as opposed to mixed morphologies (e.g.,
spheres plus worms or worms plus vesicles). This new RAFT PISA formulation
is expected to be important for the rational and efficient synthesis
of a wide range of biocompatible, thermo-responsive PEGylated diblock
copolymer nano-objects for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Warren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
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12
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Stress-Temperature Effects on Transitions in PEO17PPO60PEO17 Triblock Copolymer Micellar Solutions. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-013-1525-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Lee CU, Lu L, Chen J, Garno JC, Zhang D. Crystallization-Driven Thermoreversible Gelation of Coil-Crystalline Cyclic and Linear Diblock Copolypeptoids. ACS Macro Lett 2013; 2:436-440. [PMID: 35581852 DOI: 10.1021/mz300667n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Methanol solutions of cyclic and linear coil-crystalline diblock copolypeptoids [i.e., poly(N-methyl-glycine)-b-poly(N-decyl-glycine)] (5-10 wt %) have been shown to form free-standing gels consisting of entangled fibrils at the room temperature. The gelation is thermally reversible and mechanically nonreversible. The gel-to-sol transition at the elevated temperature is induced by the melting of the PNDG crystalline domains which results in the morphological change of the fibrillar network into an isotropic solution. Variable-temperature NMR studies reveal that the cyclic polymer gels have higher gel-to-sol transition temperatures than the linear analogs. The hydrophobic segment is substantially less solvated in the cyclic polymers than the linear analogs both in gel and sol states. Rheological measurements reveal that the cyclic gels are stiffer than the linear counterparts, presumably due to the enhanced crystallinity in the fibrillar network in the formers relative to the latters. This study is the first example of thermoreversible gelation of coil-crystalline block copolymers, where the crystallization of the solvophobic segment has been shown to drive the gelation through the formation of crystalline fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Uk Lee
- Department of Chemistry
and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United
States
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Chemistry
and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United
States
| | - Jihua Chen
- Center
for Nanophase
Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jayne C. Garno
- Department of Chemistry
and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United
States
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United
States
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14
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Anisotropic particles align perpendicular to the flow direction in narrow microchannels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:6706-11. [PMID: 23569240 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1219340110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The flow orientation of anisotropic particles through narrow channels is of importance in many fields, ranging from the spinning and molding of fibers to the flow of cells and proteins through thin capillaries. It is commonly assumed that anisotropic particles align parallel to the flow direction. When flowing through narrowed channel sections, one expects the increased flow rate to improve the parallel alignment. Here, we show by microfocus synchrotron X-ray scattering and polarized optical microscopy that anisotropic colloidal particles align perpendicular to the flow direction after passing a narrow channel section. We find this to be a general behavior of anisotropic colloids, which is also observed for disk-like particles. This perpendicular particle alignment is stable, extending downstream throughout the remaining part of the channel. We show by microparticle image velocimetry that the particle reorientation in the expansion zone after a narrow channel section occurs in a region with considerable extensional flow. This extensional flow is promoted by shear thinning, a typical property of complex fluids. Our discovery has important consequences when considering the flow orientation of polymers, micelles, fibers, proteins, or cells through narrow channels, pipes, or capillary sections. An immediate consequence for the production of fibers is the necessity for realignment by extension in the flow direction. For fibrous proteins, reorientation and stable plug flow are likely mechanisms for protein coagulation.
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15
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Ganguly R, Kuperkar K, Parekh P, Aswal V, Bahadur P. Phenol solubilization in aqueous Pluronic® solutions: Investigating the micellar growth and interaction as a function of Pluronic® composition. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 378:118-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Blanazs A, Verber R, Mykhaylyk OO, Ryan AJ, Heath JZ, Douglas CWI, Armes SP. Sterilizable Gels from Thermoresponsive Block Copolymer Worms. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:9741-8. [PMID: 22582795 DOI: 10.1021/ja3024059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Blanazs
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
- Department
of Oral Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent,
Sheffield S10 2TA, U.K
| | - Robert Verber
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
- Department
of Oral Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent,
Sheffield S10 2TA, U.K
| | - Oleksandr O. Mykhaylyk
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
- Department
of Oral Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent,
Sheffield S10 2TA, U.K
| | - Anthony J. Ryan
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
- Department
of Oral Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent,
Sheffield S10 2TA, U.K
| | - Jason Z. Heath
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
- Department
of Oral Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent,
Sheffield S10 2TA, U.K
| | - C. W. Ian Douglas
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
- Department
of Oral Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent,
Sheffield S10 2TA, U.K
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
- Department
of Oral Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent,
Sheffield S10 2TA, U.K
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17
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Nambam JS, Philip J. Effects of Interaction of Ionic and Nonionic Surfactants on Self-Assembly of PEO–PPO–PEO Triblock Copolymer in Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:1499-507. [DOI: 10.1021/jp208902a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Nambam
- SMARTS, NDED, Metallurgy and Materials Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam
603 102, Tamilnadu, India
| | - John Philip
- SMARTS, NDED, Metallurgy and Materials Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam
603 102, Tamilnadu, India
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18
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Gong H, Xu G, Shi X, Liu T, Sun Z. Comparison of aggregation behaviors between branched and linear block polyethers: MesoDyn simulation study. Colloid Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-010-2294-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Fernández V, Tepale N, Álvarez J, Pérez-López J, Macı´as E, Bautista F, Pignon F, Rharbi Y, Gámez-Corrales R, Manero O, Puig J, Soltero J. Rheology of the Pluronic P103/water system in a semidilute regime: Evidence of nonequilibrium critical behavior. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 336:842-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2008] [Revised: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Álvarez-Ramírez J, Fernández V, Macías E, Rharbi Y, Taboada P, Gámez-Corrales R, Puig J, Soltero J. Phase behavior of the Pluronic P103/water system in the dilute and semi-dilute regimes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 333:655-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2008] [Revised: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Yuan SL, Zhang XQ, Chan KY. Effects of shear and charge on the microphase formation of P123 polymer in the SBA-15 synthesis investigated by mesoscale simulations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:2034-45. [PMID: 19161270 DOI: 10.1021/la8035133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Mesoscale simulation was performed to investigate the dynamical structural behavior of the pluronic P123 block copolymer in the synthesis of mesoporous SBA-15. Shear is introduced to represent stirring in the actual experiment, and a weak charge is included to simulate the acidic conditions in the synthesis. Under shear, with the increase in weak charge in the PEO [poly(ethylene oxide)] block, the template forms more ordered hexagonal phases, and the pore sizes of the cylindrical hydrophobic PPO [poly(propylene oxide)] blocks decrease. The structural factor shows three types of water molecules in the mesoscale aggregates, including bulk water in the solution, bound water around the hydrophilic PEO corona, and trapped water in the hydrophobic PPO core. When 1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene (TMB) is added to the system as a swelling agent, expanded hexagonal phases are formed, and the density mapping of TMB shows that the TMB molecules are mainly located in the hydrophobic PPO cores. In configurations with spherical micelles, although bimodally dispersed spheres are observed, the face-centered cubic (fcc) packing of the micelles hardly changes with the addition of TMB. In agreement with experimental results, the simulations show that the shear and the weak charge are essential to the formation of hexagonal templates in the copolymer. Mesoscopic simulations complement experimental investigations on the morphology changes of amphiphilic polymer in template syntheses and can provide important guidance for further experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ling Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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22
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Ganguly R, Choudhury N, Aswal VK, Hassan PA. Pluronic L64 Micelles near Cloud Point: Investigating the Role of Micellar Growth and Interaction in Critical Concentration Fluctuation and Percolation. J Phys Chem B 2008; 113:668-75. [DOI: 10.1021/jp808304w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Ganguly
- Chemistry Division, Theoretical Chemistry Section, and Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - N. Choudhury
- Chemistry Division, Theoretical Chemistry Section, and Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - V. K. Aswal
- Chemistry Division, Theoretical Chemistry Section, and Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - P. A. Hassan
- Chemistry Division, Theoretical Chemistry Section, and Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai 400 085, India
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23
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Ganguly R, Aswal VK. Improved Micellar Hydration and Gelation Characteristics of PEO−PPO−PEO Triblock Copolymer Solutions in the Presence of LiCl. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:7726-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jp801940m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Ganguly
- Chemistry and Solid State Physics Divisions, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - V. K. Aswal
- Chemistry and Solid State Physics Divisions, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai 400 085, India
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24
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Phase behavior of tri-block copolymers in solution: Mesoscopic simulation study. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Yang S, Zhang X, Yuan S. Mesoscopic simulation studies on micellar phases of Pluronic P103 solution. J Mol Model 2008; 14:607-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-008-0319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Dubin PL, Li Y, Jaeger W. Mesophase separation in polyelectrolyte-mixed micelle coacervates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:4544-4549. [PMID: 18386941 DOI: 10.1021/la702405d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mesophase separation has been identified in a polycation/anionic-nonionic mixed micelle system formed by the coacervation of poly(diallyldimethylammoniumchloride)/sodium dodecylsulfate-Triton X-100 in 0.40 M NaCl. The resultant dense, optically clear fluid was studied by turbidity, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and rheology. The presence of two diffusion modes in DLS points to microscopic heterogeneity: coexistence of micelle-rich (dense) domains with micelle-poor (dilute) domains. With an increase in temperature above 20 degrees C, the turbidity rises rapidly along with the intensity of the slow mode. The concomitant decrease in the diffusivity of the slow mode signals an increase in the effective viscosity of the dense domain. With further increase in temperature, dramatic shear thinning is observed, and finally, macroscopic phase separation can be identified by centrifugation. At a temperature near that for quiescent phase separation, we observe shear-induced phase separation. We propose a mechanism to explain the connection between temperature- and shear-induced mesophase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Dubin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
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27
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Douglass BS, Colby RH, Madsen LA, Callaghan PT. Rheo-NMR of Wormlike Micelles Formed from Nonionic Pluronic Surfactants. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma071807f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Ganguly R, Aswal VK, Hassan PA. Room temperature sphere-to-rod growth and gelation of PEO–PPO–PEO triblock copolymers in aqueous salt solutions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 315:693-700. [PMID: 17707391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2007] [Revised: 06/29/2007] [Accepted: 07/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects of NaCl and KF on the sphere-to-rod micellar growth behavior of triblock copolymers having two different compositions, (EO)20(PO)70(EO)20 (P123) and (EO)26(PO)40(EO)26 (P85), have been studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and dilute solution viscometry. NaCl can effectively tune the sphere-to-rod growth temperature of the micelles of both these copolymers and induce micellar growth down to the room temperature and below. The growth behavior is found to be dependent on the composition of the copolymer as P123 being more hydrophobic shows the room temperature growth in the presence of ethanol at significantly lesser NaCl concentration than the less hydrophobic copolymer P85. DLS studies depict for the first time the growth driven transition of the copolymer solutions from dilute to semi-dilute regime as a function of copolymer and salt concentrations. KF can also induce room temperature growth of the P123 micelles at lesser salt concentration than NaCl but it fails to induce any such growth of the P85 micelles. A pseudo-binary temperature-concentration phase diagram on 15% copolymer solutions shows the variation of the sphere-to-rod transition temperature and the cloud point of the copolymer solutions as a function of salt concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ganguly
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai 400 085, India.
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29
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Löf D, Schillén K, Torres MF, Müller AJ. Rheological study of the shape transition of block copolymer-nonionic surfactant mixed micelles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:11000-6. [PMID: 17887712 DOI: 10.1021/la701818y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A rheological study of mixed micelles formed by PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymer P123 and nonionic surfactant C12EO6 in aqueous solutions has been carried out with the purpose of investigating the time dependence of a shape transition of the mixed micelles and characterizing the shape before and after the transition. The rheology results presented in this report give clear evidence that the P123-C12EO6 mixed micelle grows and changes gradually in shape from spherical to elongated (rodlike) geometry with increasing temperature. These results are in accordance with the results found in the parallel dynamic and static light scattering and calorimetrical investigation.1,2 By using steady-state rheology, the time dependence of the sphere-to-rod transition of the mixed micelle system was carefully followed with time and temperature as simultaneously recorded variables in the experiments. This was performed by a designed novel experimental procedure. A temperature ramp was applied at a rate of 2.6 degrees C/min from a temperature below to a temperature above the shape transition at a constant shear rate while the viscosity of the solution was measured. The investigation was limited to two different compositions, surfactant-to-copolymer molar ratios (MR=nC12EO6/nP123) of 2.2 and 6.0 with varying total concentration from 1.5 to 21 wt % in comparison with the neat component. At low concentration, a slow transition was observed, which indicated that the mixed micelles are still growing into rods for several minutes after reaching the final temperature. At a total concentration of 4.0 wt % and above, the system reached equilibrium quickly. A concentration-dependent kinetic process is therefore anticipated, which was also found in the time-resolved static light scattering experiments previously performed (Löf, D.; Schillén, K.; Olofsson, G.; Niemiec, A.; Loh, W. J. Phys. Chem. B 2007, 111, 5911). At concentrations above 10 wt %, shear-thinning behavior was observed for the mixed solutions, which strongly suggests the extended shape of the mixed micelles after the shape transition. The obtained zero-shear viscosity at the investigated molar ratios was found to be lower with higher molar ratios, which indicates that the mixed micelles both in the spherical and in the rodlike state becomes smaller with higher content of C12EO6. These results correlate well with the obtained results from the previous dynamic light scattering measurements on the same system (Löf, D.; Schillén, K.; Olofsson, G.; Niemiec, A.; Loh, W. J. Phys. Chem. B 2007, 111, 5911).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Löf
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, S-22100 Lund, Sweden.
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30
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Bécu L, Anache D, Manneville S, Colin A. Evidence for three-dimensional unstable flows in shear-banding wormlike micelles. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2007; 76:011503. [PMID: 17677446 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.76.011503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2006] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We report on an experimental study of the shear-banding phenomenon in the concentrated wormlike micellar system CTAB at 20wt.% in D2O . Time-resolved velocity profiles are recorded using ultrasonic velocimetry simultaneously to global rheological data. Our results confirm the studies performed previously by Fischer and Callaghan [Phys. Rev. E 64, 011501 (2001)]. Time averaged velocity profiles display an unsheared "nematic gel." In the range of applied shear rate, the flow field exhibits very fast temporal fluctuations. Suspicions for the presence of three-dimensional flow are evidenced and possible causes for a three-dimensional instability are discussed together with the coupling of wall slip to bulk dynamic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydiane Bécu
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, Avenue Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France.
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31
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Castelletto V, Parras P, Hamley IW, Bäverbäck P, Pedersen JS, Panine P. Wormlike micelle formation and flow alignment of a pluronic block copolymer in aqueous solution. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:6896-902. [PMID: 17523689 DOI: 10.1021/la700382y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly into wormlike micelles of a poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer Pluronic P84 in aqueous salt solution (2 M NaCl) has been studied by rheology, small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS/SANS), and light scattering. Measurements of the flow curves by controlled stress rheometry indicated phase separation under flow. SAXS on solutions subjected to capillary flow showed alignment of micelles at intermediate shear rates, although loss of alignment was observed for high shear rates. For dilute solutions, SAXS and static light scattering data on unaligned samples could be superposed over three decades in scattering vector, providing unique information on the wormlike micelle structure over several length scales. SANS data provided information on even shorter length scales, in particular, concerning "blob" scattering from the micelle corona. The data could be modeled based on a system of semiflexible self-avoiding cylinders with a circular cross-section, as described by the wormlike chain model with excluded volume interactions. The micelle structure was compared at two temperatures close to the cloud point (47 degrees C). The micellar radius was found not to vary with temperature in this region, although the contour length increased with increasing temperature, whereas the Kuhn length decreased. These variations result in an increase of the low-concentration radius of gyration with increasing temperature. This was consistent with dynamic light scattering results, and, applying theoretical results from the literature, this is in agreement with an increase in endcap energy due to changes in hydration of the poly(ethylene oxide) blocks as the temperature is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Castelletto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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32
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Manneville S, Colin A, Waton G, Schosseler F. Wall slip, shear banding, and instability in the flow of a triblock copolymer micellar solution. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2007; 75:061502. [PMID: 17677264 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.75.061502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The shear flow of a triblock copolymer micellar solution (PEO-PPO-PEO Pluronic P84 in brine) is investigated using simultaneous rheological and velocity profile measurements in the concentric cylinder geometry. We focus on two different temperatures below and above the transition temperature T{c} which was previously associated with the apparition of a stress plateau in the flow curve. (i) At T=37.0 degrees C<T{c}, the bulk flow remains homogeneous and Newtonian-like, although significant wall slip is measured at the rotor that can be linked to an inflexion point in the flow curve. (ii) At T=39.4 degrees C>T{c}, the stress plateau is shown to correspond to stationary shear-banded states characterized by two high shear rate bands close to the walls and a very weakly sheared central band, together with large slip velocities at the rotor. In both cases, the high shear branch of the flow curve is characterized by flow instability. Interpretations of wall slip, three-band structure, and instability are proposed in light of recent theoretical models and experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Manneville
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UPR8641, 115 avenue Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France.
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33
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Bhargava P, Tu Y, Zheng JX, Xiong H, Quirk RP, Cheng SZD. Temperature-Induced Reversible Morphological Changes of Polystyrene-block-Poly(ethylene Oxide) Micelles in Solution. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:1113-21. [PMID: 17263392 DOI: 10.1021/ja0653019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Temperature-induced reversible morphological changes of polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) micelles with degrees of polymerization of 962 for the PS and 227 for the PEO blocks (PS962-b-PEO227) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)/water, in which water is a selective solvent for the PEO block, were observed. For a system with 0.2 wt % copolymer concentration and 4.5 wt % water concentration in DMF/water, the micelle morphology observed in transmission electron microscopy changed from vesicles at room temperature to worm-like cylinders and then to spheres with increasing temperature. Mixed morphologies were also formed in the intermediate temperature regions. Cooling the system back to room temperature regenerated the vesicle morphology, indicating that the morphological changes were reversible. No hysteresis was observed in the morphological changes during heating and cooling. Dynamic light scattering revealed that the hydrodynamic radius of the micelles decreased with increasing temperature. Combined static and dynamic light scattering results supported the change in morphology with temperature. The critical micellization temperatures and critical morphological transition temperatures were determined by turbidity measurements and were found to be dependent on the copolymer and water concentrations in the DMF/water system. The morphological changes were only possible if the water concentration in the DMF/water system was low, or else the mobility of the PS blocks would be severely restricted. The driving force for these morphological changes was understood to be mainly a reduction in the free energy of the corona and a minor reduction in the free energy of the interface. Morphological observations at different time periods of isothermal experiments indicated that in the pathway from one equilibrium morphology to another, large compound micelles formed as an intermediate or metastable stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachur Bhargava
- The Maurice Morton Institute and Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, USA
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34
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Zhang X, Yuan S, Wu J. Mesoscopic Simulation on Phase Behavior of Ternary Copolymeric Solution in the Absence and Presence of Shear. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma061201b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China, and Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shiling Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China, and Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China, and Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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35
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Bhargava P, Zheng JX, Quirk RP, Cheng SZD. Self-assembled, wormlike-cylinder network of polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) micelles in solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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36
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Castelletto V, Hamley IW. Capillary flow behavior of worm-like micelles studied by small-angle X-ray scattering and small angle light scattering. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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37
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High-frequency ultrasonic imaging: A spatio-temporal approach of rheology. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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38
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Duval M, Waton G, Schosseler F. Temperature-induced growth of wormlike copolymer micelles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:4904-11. [PMID: 15896030 DOI: 10.1021/la050177c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We study the temperature-induced growth of polymer micelles based on Pluronic P84 in brine (2 M NaCl) using small-angle neutron scattering, static and dynamic light scattering, and viscometry as a function of temperature and polymer concentration. Spherical micelles below 30 degrees C are shown to grow between about 30 and 40 degrees C into wormlike micelles long enough to enter the semidilute regime for polymer volume fraction larger than 0.005. The entanglements in this regime are responsible for a huge increase in the viscosity. Above about 41 degrees C, the micellar aggregates become denser as the cloud point is approached and the viscosity drops.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Duval
- Institut Charles Sadron, UPR22 (CNRS-ULP), 6 rue Boussingault, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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39
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Bécu L, Manneville S, Colin A. Spatiotemporal dynamics of wormlike micelles under shear. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:018301. [PMID: 15324025 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.018301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Velocity profiles in a wormlike micelle solution (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in D2O) are recorded using ultrasound every 2 s during a startup experiment into the shear-banding regime. The stress relaxation occurs over more than 6 h and corresponds to the very slow nucleation and growth of the high-shear band. Moreover, oscillations of the interface position with a period of about 50 s are observed during the growth process. Strong wall slip, metastable states, and transient nucleation of three-band flows are also reported and discussed in light of previous experiments and theoretical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydiane Bécu
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, Avenue Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France.
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