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Madhusudanan M, Sarkar J, Dhar S, Chowdhury M. Tuning the Plasticization to Decouple the Effect of Molecular Recoiling Stress from Modulus and Viscosity in Dewetting Thin Polystyrene Films. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Madhusudanan
- Lab of Soft Interfaces, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jotypriya Sarkar
- Lab of Soft Interfaces, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sudeshna Dhar
- Lab of Soft Interfaces, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mithun Chowdhury
- Lab of Soft Interfaces, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
- Center for Research in Nano Technology and Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai400076, Maharashtra, India
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2
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Basu S, Patra P, Sarkar J. Dewetting assisted self-assembly of carbon nanotube into circular nanorings. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Control of the Drying Patterns for Complex Colloidal Solutions and Their Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152600. [PMID: 35957030 PMCID: PMC9370329 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The uneven deposition at the edges of an evaporating droplet, termed the coffee-ring effect, has been extensively studied during the past few decades to better understand the underlying cause, namely the flow dynamics, and the subsequent patterns formed after drying. The non-uniform evaporation rate across the colloidal droplet hampers the formation of a uniform and homogeneous film in printed electronics, rechargeable batteries, etc., and often causes device failures. This review aims to highlight the diverse range of techniques used to alleviate the coffee-ring effect, from classic methods such as adding chemical additives, applying external sources, and manipulating geometrical configurations to recently developed advancements, specifically using bubbles, humidity, confined systems, etc., which do not involve modification of surface, particle or liquid properties. Each of these methodologies mitigates the edge deposition via multi-body interactions, for example, particle–liquid, particle-particle, particle–solid interfaces and particle–flow interactions. The mechanisms behind each of these approaches help to find methods to inhibit the non-uniform film formation, and the corresponding applications have been discussed together with a critical comparison in detail. This review could pave the way for developing inks and processes to apply in functional coatings and printed electronic devices with improved efficiency and device yield.
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4
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Das A, Dey AB, Manna G, Sanyal MK, Mukherjee R. Nanoparticle-Mediated Stabilization of a Thin Polymer Bilayer. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Das
- Instability and Soft Patterning Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Arka Bikash Dey
- Surface Physics and Material Science Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India
| | - Gouranga Manna
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560064, India
| | - Milan K. Sanyal
- Surface Physics and Material Science Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India
| | - Rabibrata Mukherjee
- Instability and Soft Patterning Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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5
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Das A, Mukherjee R. Feature Size Modulation in Dewetting of Nanoparticle-Containing Ultrathin Polymer Films. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Das
- Instability and Soft Patterning Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Rabibrata Mukherjee
- Instability and Soft Patterning Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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6
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Das A, Dey AB, Chattopadhyay S, De G, Sanyal MK, Mukherjee R. Nanoparticle Induced Morphology Modulation in Spin Coated PS/PMMA Blend Thin Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:15270-15282. [PMID: 33296208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The influence of adding nanoparticles on the ascast morphology of spin coated immiscible polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS/PMMA) thin films of different thickness (hE) and composition (RB, volume ratio of PS to PMMA) has been explored in this article. To understand the precise effect of nanoparticle addition, the morphology of PS/PMMA thin blend films spin cast from toluene on a native oxide covered silicon wafer substrate was first investigated. It is seen that in particle free films, the generic morphology of the films remains nearly unaltered with increase in hE, for RB = 3:1 and 1:3. In contrast, strong hE dependent morphology transformation is observed in films with RB = 1:1. Subsequently, thiol-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNP) containing films with different particle concentrations (CNP) were cast from the same solvent along with the polymer mixture. We observe that addition of AuNPs barely alters the generic morphology of the films with RB = 3:1. In contrast, the presence of the particles significantly influences the morphology of the films with RB = 1:1 and 1:3, particularly at higher CNP (≈10.0%). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray reflectivity of some samples reveal that the AuNPs tend to migrate to the free surface through the PS phase, thereby stabilizing this layer partially or fully (depending on CNP) against dewetting over a surface of adsorbed PMMA layer and influencing the ascast morphology as a function of CNP. The work is fundamentally important in understanding largely overlooked implications of nanoparticle addition on the morphology of PS/PMMA blend thin films which forms the fundamental basis for future interesting studies involving dynamics of nanoparticles within the blend thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Das
- Instability and Soft Patterning Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Arka Bikash Dey
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Sector 1, AF Block, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India
| | - Shreyasi Chattopadhyay
- CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja Subodh Chandra Mallick Rd, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Goutam De
- S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Milan K Sanyal
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Sector 1, AF Block, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India
| | - Rabibrata Mukherjee
- Instability and Soft Patterning Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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7
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Dhara P, Mukherjee R. Influence of Substrate Surface Properties on Spin Dewetting, Texture, and Phase Transitions of 5CB Liquid-Crystal Thin Films. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:1293-1300. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b11569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Palash Dhara
- Instability and Soft Patterning Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Rabibrata Mukherjee
- Instability and Soft Patterning Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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8
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Barkley DA, Jiang N, Sen M, Endoh MK, Rudick JG, Koga T, Zhang Y, Gang O, Yuan G, Satija SK, Kawaguchi D, Tanaka K, Karim A. Chain Conformation near the Buried Interface in Nanoparticle-Stabilized Polymer Thin Films. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Oleg Gang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Guangcui Yuan
- Center for
Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Sushil K. Satija
- Center for
Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | | | | | - Alamgir Karim
- College of
Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-0301, United States
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9
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Ren X, Weng LT, Ng KM, Chan CM. Suppression of surface pattern formation in spin-coated polymer films by the addition of polydimethylsiloxane-grafted silica nanoparticles. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Ren
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Hong Kong
| | - Lu-Tao Weng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Hong Kong
- Materials Characterization and Preparation Facility; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Hong Kong
| | - Kai-Mo Ng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Hong Kong
- Advanced Engineering Materials Facility; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Ming Chan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Hong Kong
- Division of Environment; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Hong Kong
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10
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Thermally amendable and thermally stable thin film of POSS tethered Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) synthesized by ATRP. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Roy S, Bandyopadhyay D, Karim A, Mukherjee R. Interplay of Substrate Surface Energy and Nanoparticle Concentration in Suppressing Polymer Thin Film Dewetting. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501262x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Roy
- Instability
and Soft Patterning Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | | | | | - Rabibrata Mukherjee
- Instability
and Soft Patterning Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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12
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Kubo M, Takahashi Y, Fujii T, Liu Y, Sugioka KI, Tsukada T, Minami K, Adschiri T. Thermal dewetting behavior of polystyrene composite thin films with organic-modified inorganic nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:8956-64. [PMID: 25017213 DOI: 10.1021/la502009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The thermal dewetting of polystyrene composite thin films with oleic acid-modified CeO2 nanoparticles prepared by the supercritical hydrothermal synthesis method was investigated, varying the nanoparticle concentration (0-30 wt %), film thickness (approximately 50 and 100 nm), and surface energy of silanized silicon substrates on which the composite films were coated. The dewetting behavior of the composite thin films during thermal annealing was observed by an optical microscope. The presence of nanoparticles in the films affected the morphology of dewetting holes, and moreover suppressed the dewetting itself when the concentration was relatively high. It was revealed that there was a critical value of the surface energy of the substrate at which the dewetting occurred. In addition, the spatial distributions of nanoparticles in the composite thin films before thermal annealing were investigated using AFM and TEM. As a result, we found that most of nanoparticles segregated to the surface of the film, and that such distributions of nanoparticles contribute to the stabilization of the films, by calculating the interfacial potential of the films with nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kubo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tohoku University , 6-6-07, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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13
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Amarandei G, O'Dwyer C, Arshak A, Thiele U, Steiner U, Corcoran D. Effect of Au nanoparticle spatial distribution on the stability of thin polymer films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:6706-6714. [PMID: 23688358 DOI: 10.1021/la400659q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The stability of thin poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) films of low molecular weight on a solid substrate is controlled by the areal coverage of gold nanoparticles (NPs) present at the air-polymer interface. As the polymer becomes liquid the Au NPs are free to diffuse, coalesce, and aggregate while the polymer film can change its morphology through viscous flow. These processes lead at the same time to the formation of a fractal network of Au NPs and to the development of spinodal instabilities of the free surface of the polymer films. For thinner films a single wavelength is observed, while for thicker films two wavelengths compete. With continued heating the aggregation process results in a decrease in coverage, the networks evolve into disordered particle assemblies, while the polymer films flatten again. The disordering occurs first on the smallest scales and coincides (in thicker films) with the disappearance of the smaller wavelength. The subsequent disordering on larger scales causes the films to flatten.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Amarandei
- Department of Physics and Energy, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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14
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Chen F, Clough A, Reinhard BM, Grinstaff MW, Jiang N, Koga T, Tsui OKC. Glass Transition Temperature of Polymer–Nanoparticle Composites: Effect of Polymer–Particle Interfacial Energy. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4000368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Chen
- Department
of Physics, Boston University, Boston,
Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - A. Clough
- Department
of Physics, Boston University, Boston,
Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - B. M. Reinhard
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Division of Materials Science & Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - M. W. Grinstaff
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Division of Materials Science & Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - N. Jiang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - T. Koga
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
- Depertment of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400,
United States
| | - O. K. C. Tsui
- Department
of Physics, Boston University, Boston,
Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Division of Materials Science & Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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15
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Cui L, Zhang J, Zhang X, Huang L, Wang Z, Li Y, Gao H, Zhu S, Wang T, Yang B. Suppression of the coffee ring effect by hydrosoluble polymer additives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:2775-80. [PMID: 22545558 DOI: 10.1021/am300423p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A simple and novel method has been demonstrated for avoiding coffee ring structure based on hydrosoluble polymer additives during droplet evaporation. The polymer additives lead to the motion of the contact line (CL) resulted from the viscosity and Marangoni effect. The viscosity provides a large resistance to the radially outward flow. It results in a small amount of spheres deposited at droplet edge, which do not facilitate the pinning of the CL. The Marangoni effect resulted from the variation of polymer concentration at droplet edge during droplet evaporation contributes to the motion of the CL. Thus, uniform and ordered macroscale SiO(2) microspheres deposition is achieved. What's more, the coffee ring effect can be eliminated by different hydrosoluble polymer. This method will be applicable to a wide of aqueous system and will be of great significance for extensive applications of droplet deposition in biochemical assays and material deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
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16
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Chandran S, Basu JK. Effect of nanoparticle dispersion on glass transition in thin films of polymer nanocomposites. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2011; 34:99. [PMID: 21947895 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2011-11099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements on thin films of polymer nanocomposites consisting of gold nanoparticles embedded in poly(styrene). The temperature dependence of thickness variation is used to estimate the glass transition temperature, T(g). In these thin films we find a significant dependence of T(g) on the nature of dispersion of the embedded nanoparticles. Our work thus highlights the crucial role played by the particle polymer interface morphology in determining the glass transition in particular and thermo-mechanical properties of such nanocomposite films.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chandran
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, 560012, Bangalore, India
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17
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Verma A, Sharma A. Submicrometer Pattern Fabrication by Intensification of Instability in Ultrathin Polymer Films under a Water–Solvent Mix. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200113w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Verma
- Department of Chemical Engineering and DST Unit on Nanosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering and DST Unit on Nanosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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18
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Koga T, Li C, Endoh MK, Narayanan S, Lurio L, Sinha SK. X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy Study on Dynamics of the Free Surface in Entangled Polystyrene Melt Films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/272/1/012003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Mukherjee R, Das S, Das A, Sharma SK, Raychaudhuri AK, Sharma A. Stability and dewetting of metal nanoparticle filled thin polymer films: control of instability length scale and dynamics. ACS NANO 2010; 4:3709-3724. [PMID: 20560592 DOI: 10.1021/nn901912d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the influence of gold nanoparticle addition on the stability, dewetting, and pattern formation in ultrathin polymer-nanoparticle (NP) composite films by examining the length and time scales of instability, morphology, and dynamics of dewetting. For these 10-50 nm thick (h) polystyrene (PS) thin films containing uncapped gold nanoparticles (diameter approximately 3-4 nm), transitions from complete dewetting to arrested dewetting to absolute stability were observed depending on the concentration of the particles. Experiments show the existence of three distinct stability regimes: regime 1, complete dewetting leading to droplet formation for nanoparticle concentration of 2% (w/w) or below; regime 2, partial dewetting leading to formation of arrested holes for NP concentrations in the range of 3-6%; and regime 3, complete inhibition of dewetting for NP concentrations of 7% and above. Major results are (a) length scale of instability, where lambdaH approximately hn remains unchanged with NP concentration in regime 1 (n approximately 2) but increases in regime 2 with a change in the scaling relation (n approximately 3-3.5); (b) dynamics of instability and dewetting becomes progressively sluggish with an increase in the NP concentration; (c) there are distinct regimes of dewetting velocity at low NP concentrations; (d) force modulation AFM, as well as micro-Raman analysis, shows phase separation and aggregation of the gold nanoparticles within each dewetted polymer droplet leading to the formation of a metal core-polymer shell morphology. The polymer shell could be removed by washing in a selective solvent, thus exposing an array of bare gold nanoparticle aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabibrata Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Pin 721 302, West Bengal, India
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20
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Koga T, Li C, Endoh MK, Koo J, Rafailovich M, Narayanan S, Lee DR, Lurio LB, Sinha SK. Reduced viscosity of the free surface in entangled polymer melt films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:066101. [PMID: 20366832 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.066101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
By embedding "dilute" gold nanoparticles in single polystyrene thin films as "markers", we probe the local viscosity of the free surface at temperatures far above the glass transition temperature (T(g)). The technique used was x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy with resonance-enhanced x-ray scattering. The results clearly showed the surface viscosity is about 30% lower than the rest of the film. We found that this reduction is strongly associated with chain entanglements at the free surface rather than the reduction in T(g).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadanori Koga
- Chemical and Molecular Engineering Program, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, USA.
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21
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Han JT, Lee GW, Kim S, Lee HJ, Douglas JF, Karim A. Direct observation of interfacial C60 cluster formation in polystyrene-C60 nanocomposite films. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:105705. [PMID: 19417533 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/10/105705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Large interfacial C(60) clusters were directly imaged at the supporting film-substrate interface in physically detached polystyrene-C(60) nanocomposite films by atomic force microscopy, confirming the stabilizing mechanism previously hypothesized for thin polymer films. Additionally, we found that the C(60) additive influences basic thermodynamic film properties such as the interfacial energy and the film thermal expansion coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong Tark Han
- Nano Carbon Materials Research Group, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Korea.
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22
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Xue L, Cheng Z, Fu J, Han Y. Dewetting behavior of polystyrene film filled with (C6H5C2H4NH3)2PbI4. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:054905. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2957899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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23
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Hosaka N, Otsuka H, Hino M, Takahara A. Control of dispersion state of silsesquioxane nanofillers for stabilization of polystyrene thin films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:5766-5772. [PMID: 18452321 DOI: 10.1021/la704062n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the dispersion states of the nanofillers on the dewetting behavior of the polymer thin film was investigated. Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) with various substituents were added into polystyrene (PS) thin films as the nanofillers. The dewetting rate of the films drastically changed with the surface substituents of POSS additives. Neutron reflectivity measurements indicated that the difference of the dewetting rate was associated with the dispersion state of POSS additives in the films. POSS with phenethyl groups (PhPOSS), which homogeneously dispersed into the films, resulted in the decrease of the glass transition temperature of PS and the enhancement of the dewetting of the films. POSS with a fluoroalkyl group (CpPOSS-R f) segregated to the film surface and showed the retardation of the dewetting by the decrease of the surface energy of the film. POSS with hydroxyl groups (CpPOSS-2OH) segregated to the film surface and film-substrate interface and led to the elimination of the dewetting, suggesting the importance of the interfacial segregation for the inhibition of dewetting. These results revealed the strong relationship between the dispersion state of the nanofillers and the dewetting of the nanofilled films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Hosaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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24
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Paul R, Karabiyik U, Swift MC, Hottle JR, Esker AR. Morphological evolution in dewetting polystyrene/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane thin film bilayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:4676-4684. [PMID: 18399686 DOI: 10.1021/la701625g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Morphological evolution in dewetting thin film bilayers of polystyrene (PS) and a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), trisilanolphenyl-POSS (TPP), was studied as a function of annealing temperature and annealing time. The results demonstrate unique dewetting morphologies in PS/TPP bilayers at elevated temperatures that are significantly different from those typically observed in dewetting polymer/polymer bilayers. During temperature ramp studies by optical microscopy (OM) in the reflection mode, PS/TPP bilayers form cracks with a weak optical contrast at approximately 130 degrees C. The crack formation is attributed to tensile stresses within the upper TPP layer. The weak optical contrast of the cracks observed in the bilayers for annealing temperatures below approximately 160 degrees C is consistent with the cracking and dewetting of only the upper TPP layer from the underlying PS layer. The optical contrast of the morphological features is significantly enhanced at annealing temperatures of >160 degrees C. This observation suggests dewetting of both the upper TPP and the lower PS layers that results in the exposure of the silicon substrate. Upon annealing the PS/TPP bilayers at 200 degrees C in a temperature jump experiment, the upper TPP layer undergoes instantaneous cracking as observed by OM. These cracks in the upper TPP layer serve as nucleation sites for rapid dewetting and aggregation of the TPP layer, as revealed by OM and atomic force microscopy (AFM). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicated that dewetting of the lower PS layer ensued for annealing times >5 min and progressed up to 90 min. For annealing times >90 min, OM, AFM, and XPS results revealed complete dewetting of both the layers with the formation of TPP encapsulated PS droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Paul
- Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute and the Department of Chemistry (0212), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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Kashem MMA, Perlich J, Schulz L, Roth SV, Müller-Buschbaum P. Correlated Roughness in Polymer Films Containing Maghemite Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma702156q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Abul Kashem
- Physik Department LS E13, TU München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany, Physics Department, Université de Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland, and HASYLAB at DESY, Notke Strasse 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J. Perlich
- Physik Department LS E13, TU München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany, Physics Department, Université de Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland, and HASYLAB at DESY, Notke Strasse 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L. Schulz
- Physik Department LS E13, TU München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany, Physics Department, Université de Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland, and HASYLAB at DESY, Notke Strasse 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. V. Roth
- Physik Department LS E13, TU München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany, Physics Department, Université de Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland, and HASYLAB at DESY, Notke Strasse 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P. Müller-Buschbaum
- Physik Department LS E13, TU München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany, Physics Department, Université de Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland, and HASYLAB at DESY, Notke Strasse 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
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Koo J, Shin K, Seo YS, Koga T, Park S, Satija S, Chen X, Yoon K, Hsiao BS, Sokolov JC, Rafailovich MH. Stabilizing Thin Film Polymer Bilayers against Dewetting Using Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma071550l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaseung Koo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemical and Molecular Engineering Program, and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, South Korea, Department of Nano Science & Technology, Sejong University, Seoul 143747, South Korea, and Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Kwanwoo Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemical and Molecular Engineering Program, and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, South Korea, Department of Nano Science & Technology, Sejong University, Seoul 143747, South Korea, and Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Young-Soo Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemical and Molecular Engineering Program, and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, South Korea, Department of Nano Science & Technology, Sejong University, Seoul 143747, South Korea, and Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Tadanori Koga
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemical and Molecular Engineering Program, and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, South Korea, Department of Nano Science & Technology, Sejong University, Seoul 143747, South Korea, and Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Seongchan Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemical and Molecular Engineering Program, and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, South Korea, Department of Nano Science & Technology, Sejong University, Seoul 143747, South Korea, and Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Sushil Satija
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemical and Molecular Engineering Program, and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, South Korea, Department of Nano Science & Technology, Sejong University, Seoul 143747, South Korea, and Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Xuming Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemical and Molecular Engineering Program, and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, South Korea, Department of Nano Science & Technology, Sejong University, Seoul 143747, South Korea, and Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Kyunghwan Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemical and Molecular Engineering Program, and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, South Korea, Department of Nano Science & Technology, Sejong University, Seoul 143747, South Korea, and Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Benjamin S. Hsiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemical and Molecular Engineering Program, and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, South Korea, Department of Nano Science & Technology, Sejong University, Seoul 143747, South Korea, and Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Jonathan C. Sokolov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemical and Molecular Engineering Program, and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, South Korea, Department of Nano Science & Technology, Sejong University, Seoul 143747, South Korea, and Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Miriam H. Rafailovich
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemical and Molecular Engineering Program, and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, South Korea, Department of Nano Science & Technology, Sejong University, Seoul 143747, South Korea, and Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
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Abul Kashem MM, Perlich J, Schulz L, Roth SV, Petry W, Müller-Buschbaum P. Maghemite Nanoparticles on Supported Diblock Copolymer Nanostructures. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma070782h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Abul Kashem
- Physik-Department LS E13, TU München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany, and HASYLAB at DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J. Perlich
- Physik-Department LS E13, TU München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany, and HASYLAB at DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L. Schulz
- Physik-Department LS E13, TU München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany, and HASYLAB at DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. V. Roth
- Physik-Department LS E13, TU München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany, and HASYLAB at DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - W. Petry
- Physik-Department LS E13, TU München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany, and HASYLAB at DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P. Müller-Buschbaum
- Physik-Department LS E13, TU München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany, and HASYLAB at DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
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28
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Traiphol R. Influences of chain heterogeneity on instability of polymeric thin films: Dewetting of polystyrenes, polychloromethylstyrenes and its copolymers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 310:217-28. [PMID: 17320095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2006] [Revised: 01/06/2007] [Accepted: 01/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study compares the stability of various polymeric thin films supported on SiO(x)/Si substrate. Dewetting behaviors of polystyrenes (PS), polychloromethylstyrenes, and random poly(styrene-co-chloromethylstyrene)s are investigated by utilizing atomic force microscopy. A systematic addition of the chloromethylstyrene (ClMS) unit into PS chain causes the increase of segment polarity, affecting interfacial and interchain interactions in thin films. It is found that stability of the polymeric films depends on two major parameters, ratio of the ClMS unit and film thickness. For approximately 5 nm thick film, the addition of only 5 mol% ClMS unit causes a drastic increase of its stability, attributed to the enhanced interfacial interactions between ClMS group and SiO(x) layer. Further increasing the ClMS mole ratio to 20, 45, and 100% is accompanied by a systematic increase of the film stability. Thicker films (thicknesses approximately 22 and approximately 45 nm) of the copolymer with 5 mol% ClMS unit exhibit rather different behavior. They are found to be less stable compared to the PS films. However, the films of copolymers with ClMS unit of 20, 45, and 100% are still much more stable than the PS films. These dewetting behaviors of the copolymers are correlated to the interfacial interactions, interchain interactions and segmental segregation in thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakchart Traiphol
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
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Krishnan RS, Mackay ME, Duxbury PM, Pastor A, Hawker CJ, Van Horn B, Asokan S, Wong MS. Self-assembled multilayers of nanocomponents. NANO LETTERS 2007; 7:484-9. [PMID: 17261075 DOI: 10.1021/nl062866u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We show it is possible to assemble nanoparticle-polymer layers in a controllable manner dictated by the difference in nano-object morphology and dielectric properties. A thin (10-100 nm) layer of the two components is spin coated onto a solid substrate and the system thermally aged to activate a cross-linking process between polymer molecules. The nanoparticles segregate to the solid substrate prior to complete cross-linking if entropic forces are dominant or to the air interface if dielectric (surface energy) forces are properly tuned. Subsequent layers are then spin coated onto the layer below, and the process is repeated to create layered structures with nanometer accuracy useful for tandem solar cells, sensors, optical coatings, etc. Unlike other self-assembly techniques the layer thicknesses are dictated by the spin coating conditions and relative concentration of the two components.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Krishnan
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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