1
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Dashti A, Ahmadi M. Recent Advances in Controlled Production of Long-Chain Branched Polyolefins. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2300746. [PMID: 38488683 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Polyolefins, composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms, dominate global polymer production. This stems from the wide range of physical and mechanical properties that various polyolefins can cover. Their versatile properties are largely tuned by chain microstructure, including molar mass distribution, comonomer content, and long-chain branching (LCB). Specifically, LCB imparts unique characteristics, notably enhances processability crucial for downstream applications. Tailoring LCB structural features has encouraged academic and industrial efforts, chronicle in this review from a chemistry standpoint. While encompassing post-reaction modification based traditional methods like peroxide grafting, ionizing beam irradiation, and coupling reactions, the main focus is given to catalyst-centric strategies and innovative polymerization schemes. The advent of single-site catalysts-metallocenes and late transition metals catalysts-amplifies interest in tailored chemical methods, but the progress in LCB formation flourishes via tandem catalytic systems and bimetallic catalysts under controlled reaction conditions. Specifically, the breakthrough in coordinative chain transfer polymerization unveils a novel avenue for controlled LCB synthesis by sequential chain propagation, transfer, liberation, and enchainment. This short review highlights recent approaches for the production of LCB polyolefins that can provide a roadmap crucial for researchers in academia and industry, steering their efforts toward further advancements in the production of tailored polyolefin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Dashti
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 159163-4311, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ahmadi
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 159163-4311, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
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2
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Wang Y, Qin Y, Dong JY. Trouble-free combination of ω-alkenylmethyldichlorosilane copolymerization-hydrolysis chemistry and metallocene catalyst system for highly effective and efficient direct synthesis of long-chain-branched polypropylene. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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Doyle L, Weidlich I, Di Maio E. Developing Insulating Polymeric Foams: Strategies and Research Needs from a Circular Economy Perspective. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6212. [PMID: 36143523 PMCID: PMC9502929 DOI: 10.3390/ma15186212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Insulating polymeric foams have an important role to play in increasing energy efficiency and therefore contributing to combating climate change. Their development in recent years has been driven towards the reduction of thermal conductivity and achievement of the required mechanical properties as main targets towards sustainability. This perception of sustainability has overseen the choice of raw materials, which are often toxic, or has placed research efforts on optimizing one constituent while the other necessary reactants remain hazardous. The transition to the circular economy requires a holistic understanding of sustainability and a shift in design methodology and the resulting research focus. This paper identifies research needs and possible strategies for polymeric foam development compatible with Circular Product Design and Green Engineering, based on an extensive literature review. Identified research needs include material characterization of a broader spectrum of polymer melt-gas solutions, ageing behavior, tailoring of the polymer chains, detailed understanding and modeling of the effects of shear on cell nucleation, and the upscaling of processing tools allowing for high and defined pressure drop rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Doyle
- Technical Infrastructure Management, HafenCity University, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Weidlich
- Technical Infrastructure Management, HafenCity University, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ernesto Di Maio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
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4
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Li K, Qin Y, Zhao S, Dong JY. Blending Behavior of High-Degree Long-Chain-Branched Polypropylene Prepared by Ziegler–Natta Catalysis with Common Polypropylene. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yawei Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Songmei Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jin-Yong Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Jiang H, Wang S, Wang Y, Wang Y, Li L, Ma L, Cui D, Tang T. Synthesis of Long-Subchain Hyperbranched Polypropylene Using Thermally Degraded Products as Precursor. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shengda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yaxian Wang
- ExxonMobil Asia Pacific Research and Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Liang Li
- ExxonMobil Asia Pacific Research and Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Dongmei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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6
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Li K, Qin Y, Zhao Y, Wang D, Dong JY. Industrial Adaptability of the Ziegler–Natta Catalyst-Friendly Synthesis of Long-Chain-Branched Polypropylene Based on ω-Alkenylmethyldichlorosilane-Assisted Propylene Polymerization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yawei Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dujin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin-Yong Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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7
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ω-Alkenylmethyldichlorosilane-assisted propylene polymerization with Ziegler-Natta catalyst to long chain-branched polypropylene. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Liu Y, Qin Y, Dong JY. Assessing 1,9-Decadiene/Propylene Copolymerization with Ziegler-Natta Catalysts to Long-Chain-Branched Polypropylene. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yawei Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin-Yong Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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9
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Yang T, Qin Y, Dong JY. Nonconjugated α,ω-Diolefin/Propylene Copolymerization to Long Chain-Branched Polypropylene by Ziegler–Natta Catalyst: Overcoming Steric Hindrance by Introducing an Extra Electronic Pulling Effect. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yawei Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jin-Yong Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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10
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He GJ, Yuan BY, Zheng TT, Zhu WL, Yin XC. In situ ozonolysis of polypropylene during extrusion to produce long-chain branches with the aid of TMPTA. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03121a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of long-chain branches (LCBs) in polypropylene (PP) during the extrusion process is normally induced by peroxide chemicals which are known to cause to the formation of secondary products in the resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Jian He
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Bing-Yu Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Ting-Ting Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Wen-li Zhu
- School of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering
- Hubei University of Arts and Science
- Xiangyang
- 441053 China
| | - Xiao-Chun Yin
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
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11
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Liu P, Liu W, Wang WJ, Li BG, Zhu S. A Comprehensive Review on Controlled Synthesis of Long-Chain Branched Polyolefins: Part 1, Single Catalyst Systems. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201500053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pingwei Liu
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario L8S 4L7 Canada
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Bo-Geng Li
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Shiping Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario L8S 4L7 Canada
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12
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Wang B, Zhang YM, Ma Z, Pan L, Yu SJ, Li YS. Copolymerization of propylene with Si-containing α,ω-diolefins: how steric hindrance of diolefins affects long chain branch formation. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00333h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of long chain branched isotactic polypropylenes (LCBPPs) were in situ synthesized by copolymerization of propylene with diallylsilanes. The substituent groups can efficiently suppress the cyclization of the diolefin and significantly improve LCB formation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Tianjin Key Lab Composite & Functional Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaoning Normal University
- Dalian 116029
- China
| | - Zhe Ma
- Tianjin Key Lab Composite & Functional Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Li Pan
- Tianjin Key Lab Composite & Functional Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Shi-Jun Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaoning Normal University
- Dalian 116029
- China
| | - Yue-Sheng Li
- Tianjin Key Lab Composite & Functional Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
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13
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Park SY, Chun J, Jeon JY, Lee PC, Hwang Y, Song BG, Ramos R, Ryu CY, Lee BY. Branched poly(1,4-butylene carbonate-co
-terephthalate)s: LDPE-like semicrystalline thermoplastics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Yeon Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology; Ajou University; Suwon 443-749 Korea
| | - Jiseul Chun
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology; Ajou University; Suwon 443-749 Korea
| | - Jong Yeob Jeon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology; Ajou University; Suwon 443-749 Korea
| | - Pyung Cheon Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology; Ajou University; Suwon 443-749 Korea
| | - Yongtaek Hwang
- Catalyst Research Team 5th; Research Institute; Lotte Chemical Corporation; Daejeon 305-726 Korea
| | - Bo Geun Song
- Catalyst Research Team 5th; Research Institute; Lotte Chemical Corporation; Daejeon 305-726 Korea
| | - Rafael Ramos
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy New York 12180
| | - Chang Y. Ryu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy New York 12180
| | - Bun Yeoul Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy New York 12180
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14
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Chung TCM. Functionalization of Polypropylene by the Combination of Metallocene Catalysts and Reactive Comonomers. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201300176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. C. Mike Chung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; The Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA 16802
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- T. C. Mike Chung
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
United States
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16
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Chung TCM. Functional Polyolefins: Synthesis and Energy Storage Applications. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2013_209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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17
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C. Mike Chung T. Functionalization of Polypropylene with High Dielectric Properties: Applications in Electric Energy Storage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/gsc.2012.22006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Zhang C, Niu H, Dong JY. Fabrication of long chain branched polypropylene using click chemistry. Polym Bull (Berl) 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-011-0588-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Liu H, Chuai C, Iqbal M, Wang H, Kalsoom BB, Khattak M, Qasim Khattak M. Improving foam ability of polypropylene by crosslinking. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Grafting modification and properties of polypropylene with pentaerythritol tetra-acrylate. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-011-9629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Cyriac A, Lee SH, Lee BY. Connection of polymer chains using diepoxide in CO2/propylene oxide copolymerizations. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00365d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Microstructure and properties of polypropylene/glass fiber composites grafted with poly(pentaerythritol triacrylate). JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-010-9489-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Liu Y, Huang Y, Zhang C, Hou J, Zhang X. Improved melting strength of polypropylene by reactive compounding with ultrafine full-vulcanized polybutadiene rubber (UFBR) particles. POLYM ENG SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Lin W, Shao Z, Dong JY, Chung TCM. Cross-Linked Polypropylene Prepared by PP Copolymers Containing Flexible Styrene Groups. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9002775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wentian Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Zhen Shao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Jin-yong Dong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - T. C. Mike Chung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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25
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Tang H, Dai W, Chen B. A new method for producing high melt strength polypropylene with reactive extrusion. POLYM ENG SCI 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Wang D, Xie XM, Jow J, Chen HY, Lai SY. Styrene-assisted melt free-radical grafting of pentaerythritol triacrylate onto polypropylene and its crystallization behavior. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Langston JA, Colby RH, Chung TCM, Shimizu F, Suzuki T, Aoki M. Synthesis and Characterization of Long Chain Branched Isotactic Polypropylene via Metallocene Catalyst and T-Reagent. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma062111+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Niu H, Dong JY. Is isoprene capable of being a comonomer under metallocene catalysis to reach side chain-unsaturated isotactic polypropylene? POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Su Z, Wang H, Dong J, Zhang X, Dong X, Zhao Y, Yu J, Han CC, Xu D, Wang D. Conformation transition and crystalline phase variation of long chain branched isotactic polypropylenes (LCB-iPP). POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Lee SH, Wu CJ, Joung UG, Lee BY, Park J. Bimetallic phenylene-bridged Cp/amide titanium complexes and their olefin polymerization. Dalton Trans 2007:4608-14. [DOI: 10.1039/b710017e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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