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Lan R, Shen W, Yao W, Chen J, Chen X, Yang H. Bioinspired humidity-responsive liquid crystalline materials: from adaptive soft actuators to visualized sensors and detectors. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:2824-2844. [PMID: 37211901 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00392b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by nature, humidity-responsive materials and devices have attracted significant interest from scientists in multiple disciplines, ranging from chemistry, physics and materials science to biomimetics. Owing to their superiorities, including harmless stimulus and untethered control, humidity-driven materials have been widely investigated for application in soft robots, smart sensors and detectors, biomimetic devices and anticounterfeiting labels. Especially, humidity-responsive liquid crystalline materials are particularly appealing due to the combination of programmable and adaptive liquid crystal matrix and humidity-controllability, enabling the fabrication of advanced self-adaptive robots and visualized sensors. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in humidity-driven liquid crystalline materials. First, a brief introduction of liquid crystal materials, including liquid crystalline polymers, cholesteric liquid crystals, blue-phase liquid crystals and cholesteric cellulose nanocrystals is provided. Subsequently, the mechanisms of humidity-responsiveness are presented, followed by the diverse strategies for the fabrication of humidity-responsive liquid crystalline materials. The applications of humidity-driven devices will be presented ranging from soft actuators to visualized sensors and detectors. Finally, we provide an outlook on the development of humidity-driven liquid crystalline materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Lan
- Institute of Advanced Materials & Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Wenbo Shen
- Hangzhou WITLANCE Technology Co. Ltd, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Wenhuan Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Institute of Advanced Materials & Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Institute of Advanced Materials & Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Huai Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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2
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Lu X, Shen P, Bai Q, Liu Y, Han B, Ma H, Li R, Hou X, Zhang Y, Wang JJ. Responsive photonic hydrogel for colorimetric detection of formaldehyde. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 300:122920. [PMID: 37269656 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) can damage DNA, cause liver and kidney dysfunction, and ultimately lead to malignant tumors. Therefore, it is essential to develop a method that can conveniently detect FA with high detection sensitivity. Here, a responsive photonic hydrogel was prepared by embedding three-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) into amino-functionalized hydrogel to construct a colorimetric sensing film for FA. The amino groups on the polymer chains of the photonic hydrogel reacts with FA to increase the crosslinking density of the hydrogel, resulting in its volume shrinkage and a decrease in microsphere spacing of the PC. That causes the reflectance spectra blue-shift of more than 160 nm and color change from red to cyan for the optimized photonic hydrogel, achieving the sensitive, selective and colorimetric detection of FA. The constructed photonic hydrogel shows good accuracy and reliability for practical determination of FA in air and aquatic products, providing a new strategy for designing other target analytes responsive photonic hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Lu
- Key Laboratory of New Energy & New Functional Materials, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, PR China
| | - Peiyan Shen
- Key Laboratory of New Energy & New Functional Materials, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, PR China
| | - Qinglin Bai
- Key Laboratory of New Energy & New Functional Materials, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Energy & New Functional Materials, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, PR China
| | - Bo Han
- Key Laboratory of New Energy & New Functional Materials, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, PR China
| | - Haojie Ma
- Key Laboratory of New Energy & New Functional Materials, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, PR China
| | - Ran Li
- Key Laboratory of New Energy & New Functional Materials, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, PR China
| | - Xueyan Hou
- Key Laboratory of New Energy & New Functional Materials, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, PR China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Energy & New Functional Materials, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, PR China.
| | - Ji-Jiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Energy & New Functional Materials, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, PR China
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3
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Zhang R, Zhang Z, Han J, Yang L, Li J, Song Z, Wang T, Zhu J. Advanced liquid crystal-based switchable optical devices for light protection applications: principles and strategies. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:11. [PMID: 36593244 PMCID: PMC9807646 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-01032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
With the development of optical technologies, transparent materials that provide protection from light have received considerable attention from scholars. As important channels for external light, windows play a vital role in the regulation of light in buildings, vehicles, and aircrafts. There is a need for windows with switchable optical properties to prevent or attenuate damage or interference to the human eye and light-sensitive instruments by inappropriate optical radiation. In this context, liquid crystals (LCs), owing to their rich responsiveness and unique optical properties, have been considered among the best candidates for advanced light protection materials. In this review, we provide an overview of advances in research on LC-based methods for protection against light. First, we introduce the characteristics of different light sources and their protection requirements. Second, we introduce several classes of light modulation principles based on liquid crystal materials and demonstrate the feasibility of using them for light protection. In addition, we discuss current light protection strategies based on liquid crystal materials for different applications. Finally, we discuss the problems and shortcomings of current strategies. We propose several suggestions for the development of liquid crystal materials in the field of light protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruicong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Zhibo Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Jiecai Han
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Research Center of Analysis and Measurement, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Jiajun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Zicheng Song
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- School of Energy Science & Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China.
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150080, China.
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4
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Wang H, Zhou H, He W, Yang Z, Cao H, Wang D, Li Y. Research Progress on Blue-Phase Liquid Crystals for Pattern Replication Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:194. [PMID: 36614533 PMCID: PMC9821960 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Blue-Phase Liquid Crystals (BPLCs) are considered to be excellent 3D photonic crystals and have attracted a great deal of attention due to their great potential for advanced applications in a wide range of fields including self-assembling tunable photonic crystals and fast-response displays. BPLCs exhibit promise in patterned applications due to their sub-millisecond response time, three-dimensional cubic structure, macroscopic optical isotropy and high contrast ratio. The diversity of patterned applications developed based on BPLCs has attracted much attention. This paper focuses on the latest advances in blue-phase (BP) materials, including applications in patterned microscopy, electric field driving, handwriting driving, optical writing and inkjet printing. The paper concludes with future challenges and opportunities for BP materials, providing important insights into the subsequent development of BP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wanli He
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +010-62333759
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5
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Foelen Y, Puglisi R, Debije MG, Schenning APHJ. Photonic Liquid Crystal
Polymer Absorbent for Immobilization
and Detection of Gaseous Nerve Agent Simulants. ACS APPLIED OPTICAL MATERIALS 2022; 1:107-114. [PMCID: PMC9903360 DOI: 10.1021/acsaom.2c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Detection and sequestration of chemical warfare agents (CWAs), such as poisonous organophosphates, are highly desirable for both personal security and environmental protection. However, both sensing and absorption in a single device have been rarely reported. In this study, we describe a photonic absorbent based on a cholesteric liquid crystal polymer as a dual sensing and decontamination device for gas-type CWAs. Dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) was used as a simulant compound. A blue reflective photonic polymer was fabricated that was able to detect DMMP vapor through absorption. Hydrogen bond interactions between DMMP and mesogenic carboxylic groups of the polymer allow selectivity and capture. A distinct optical change of the film from blue to bright green indicates the absorption of DMMP vapor molecules and confirms when full absorption of the polymer is achieved. The diffusion of DMMP vapor into the material was observed by the formation of a sharp boundary between swollen and unswollen material, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy images and the structural color changes. In ambient conditions, DMMP molecules are retained in the photonic absorbent without release to the environment. Heating above approximately 60 °C releases the absorbed DMMP, leading to a reusable optical device. These results confirm the ability of photonic polymers to sense and immobilize dangerous vapor, paving the way for the realization of simple, battery-free optical devices able to simultaneously warn and protect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yari Foelen
- Laboratory
of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Puglisi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Michael G. Debije
- Laboratory
of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Albert P. H. J. Schenning
- Laboratory
of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- SCNU-TUE
Joint Laboratory of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), South China Normal University, Guangzhou Higher Education
Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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6
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Shen C, Wang Z, Huang R, Bao J, Li Z, Zhang L, Lan R, Yang H. Humidity-Responsive Photonic Crystals with pH and SO 2 Gas Detection Ability Based on Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Networks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:16764-16771. [PMID: 35352930 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic photonic crystals with tunable structural colors have been a hot topic in the research of anticounterfeiting devices, decoration, and detection. In this work, we prepared cholesteric liquid crystalline network (CLCN)-based photonic crystals that present humidity- and SO2 gas-responsive behaviors. The covalently cross-linked CLCN film presents humidity-responsive color changes due to the swelling/deswelling of the matrix under different humidity conditions. When treating the CLCN film with SO2 gas, the carboxylic salt converted to the acid and the film was not able to respond to the humidity change anymore. The mechanism of the SO2 gas-gated humidity responsiveness of the CLCN film was characterized. It was found that the acidic gas caused changes of pH, resulting in the conversion of the salt to acid and alteration of the surface property. The influence of concentration of SO2 gas and pH on humidity responsiveness of the CLCN film was investigated. We hope that this method provides inspirations for the design and fabrication of visualized pH and acidic gas detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zizheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Rui Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jinying Bao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhaozhong Li
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Lanying Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Ruochen Lan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Huai Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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7
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Lugger SJD, Houben SJA, Foelen Y, Debije MG, Schenning APHJ, Mulder DJ. Hydrogen-Bonded Supramolecular Liquid Crystal Polymers: Smart Materials with Stimuli-Responsive, Self-Healing, and Recyclable Properties. Chem Rev 2021; 122:4946-4975. [PMID: 34428022 PMCID: PMC8915167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Hydrogen-bonded liquid
crystalline polymers have emerged as promising
“smart” supramolecular functional materials with stimuli-responsive,
self-healing, and recyclable properties. The hydrogen bonds can either
be used as chemically responsive (i.e., pH-responsive) or as dynamic
structural (i.e., temperature-responsive) moieties. Responsiveness
can be manifested as changes in shape, color, or porosity and as selective
binding. The liquid crystalline self-organization gives the materials
their unique responsive nanostructures. Typically, the materials used
for actuators or optical materials are constructed using linear calamitic
(rod-shaped) hydrogen-bonded complexes, while nanoporous materials
are constructed from either calamitic or discotic (disk-shaped) complexes.
The dynamic structural character of the hydrogen bond moieties can
be used to construct self-healing and recyclable supramolecular materials.
In this review, recent findings are summarized, and potential future
applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean J D Lugger
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Simon J A Houben
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Yari Foelen
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Michael G Debije
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Albert P H J Schenning
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,SCNU-TUE Joint Laboratory of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), South China Normal University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 510006 Guangzhou, China.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Mulder
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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8
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Foelen Y, van der Heijden DAC, del Pozo M, Lub J, Bastiaansen CWM, Schenning APHJ. An Optical Steam Sterilization Sensor Based On a Dual-Responsive Supramolecular Cross-Linked Photonic Polymer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:16896-16902. [PMID: 32223125 PMCID: PMC7146756 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
An optical time-temperature steam sensor is presented based on the loss of structural color in a supramolecularly cross-linked cholesteric liquid crystal photonic coating. A gradual decrease in the selective reflection band is observed upon exposure to temperatures above 105 °C related to the cholesteric to isotropic transition temperature. The linear polymers with carboxylic acid side chains provide physical cross-linking through hydrogen bonding that allows a time-temperature-dependent order loss through the dynamic equilibrium between supramolecular dimer and free monomer states. Steam is accelerating the color loss, and autoclave experiments show that the photonic supramolecular polymer is applicable as a steam sterilization sensor for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yari Foelen
- Stimuli-responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle A. C. van der Heijden
- Stimuli-responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Marc del Pozo
- Stimuli-responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Lub
- Stimuli-responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Cees W. M. Bastiaansen
- Stimuli-responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K.
| | - Albert P. H. J. Schenning
- Stimuli-responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- SCNU-TUE
Joint Laboratory of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), South China Normal University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
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9
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Deng Z, Zhou G, de Haan LT. Preparation of an Interpenetrating Network of a Poly(ampholyte) and a Cholesteric Polymer and Investigation of Its Hydrochromic Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:36044-36051. [PMID: 31525959 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new water-responsive photonic coating based on a hygroscopic amphoteric poly(ampholyte) has been developed. The material consists of an interpenetrating network between the poly(ampholyte) and a cholesteric liquid crystalline polymer that reflects light. Swelling of this hybrid material upon contact with water causes a red-shift of the reflection band. As both cation and anion are incorporated in the ionic network, this coating possesses a high stability of its water responsiveness after prolonged and/or repeated exposure to water, even if the water contains dissolved ions. In addition, optimization of the water response of the coatings is demonstrated by changing the composition of the base cholesteric mixture, and color patterns were prepared through selective UV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Deng
- SCNU-TUE Joint Laboratory of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , Guangdong , China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- SCNU-TUE Joint Laboratory of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , Guangdong , China
- Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Tech. Co. Ltd. , Shenzhen 518110 , P. R. China
- Academy of Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics , Shenzhen 518110 , P. R. China
| | - Laurens T de Haan
- SCNU-TUE Joint Laboratory of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , Guangdong , China
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10
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Pirnat G, Humar M, Muševič I. Remote and autonomous temperature measurement based on 3D liquid crystal microlasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:22615-22625. [PMID: 30184919 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.022615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate non-contact temperature measurement with one tenth of a kelvin precision at distances of several meters using omnidirectional laser emission from dye-doped cholesteric liquid crystal droplets freely floating in a fluid medium. Upon the excitation with a pulsed laser the liquid crystal droplet emits laser light due to 3D Bragg lasing in all directions. The spectral position of the lasing is highly dependent on temperature, which enables remote and contact-less temperature measurement with high precision. Both laser excitation and collection of light emitted by microlasers is performed through a wide telescope aperture optics at a distance of up to several meters. The optical excitation volume, where the droplets are excited and emitting the laser light is of the order of ten cubic millimeters. The measurement is performed with ten second accumulation time, when several droplets pass through the excitation volume due to their motion. The time of measurement could easily be shortened to less than a second by increasing the rate of the excitation laser. Since the method is based solely on measuring the spectral position of a single and strong laser line, it is quite insensitive to scattering, absorption and background signals, such as autofluorescence. This enables a wide use in science and industry, with a detection range exceeding tens of meters.
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11
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Adamiak L, Pendery J, Sun J, Iwabata K, Gianneschi NC, Abbott NL. Design Principles for Triggerable Polymeric Amphiphiles with Mesogenic Side Chains for Multiscale Responses with Liquid Crystals. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Adamiak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California—San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0303, United States
| | - Joel Pendery
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jiawei Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kazuki Iwabata
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California—San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0303, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60091-3113, United States
| | - Nicholas L. Abbott
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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12
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Humar M, Dobravec A, Zhao X, Yun SH. Biomaterial microlasers implantable in the cornea, skin, and blood. OPTICA 2017; 4:1080-1085. [PMID: 30333986 PMCID: PMC6188636 DOI: 10.1364/optica.4.001080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Stand-alone laser particles that are implantable into biological tissues have potential to enable novel optical imaging, diagnosis and therapy. Here we demonstrate several types of biocompatible microlasers and their lasing action within biological systems. Dye-doped polystyrene beads were embedded in the cornea and optically pumped to generate narrowband emission. We fabricated microbeads with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and poly(lactic acid)-substances approved for medical use-and demonstrate lasing from within tissues and whole blood. Furthermore, we demonstrate biocompatible cholesterol-derivative microdroplet lasers via self-assembly to an onion-like radially-resonant photonic crystal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matjaž Humar
- Condensed Matter Department, J. Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Landsdowne St. UP-5, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Anja Dobravec
- Condensed Matter Department, J. Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Xiangwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Seok Hyun Yun
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Landsdowne St. UP-5, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Moirangthem M, Stumpel JE, Alp B, Teunissen P, Bastiaansen CWM, Schenning APHJ. Hot pen and laser writable photonic polymer films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1117/12.2209065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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14
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Stumpel JE, Broer DJ, Schenning APHJ. Stimuli-responsive photonic polymer coatings. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:15839-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05072j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Su X, Voskian S, Hughes RP, Aprahamian I. Manipulating Liquid-Crystal Properties Using a pH Activated Hydrazone Switch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201305514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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16
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Su X, Voskian S, Hughes RP, Aprahamian I. Manipulating liquid-crystal properties using a pH activated hydrazone switch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:10734-9. [PMID: 24038673 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, 6128 Burke Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03755 (USA) http://www.dartmouth.edu/∼aprahamian/
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A temperature and pH double sensitive cholesteric polymer film from a photopolymerizable chiral hydrogen-bonded assembly. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-013-1244-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Broer DJ, Bastiaansen CMW, Debije MG, Schenning APHJ. Functional organic materials based on polymerized liquid-crystal monomers: supramolecular hydrogen-bonded systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:7102-9. [PMID: 22588947 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201200883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Functional organic materials are of great interest for a variety of applications. To obtain precise functional properties, well-defined hierarchically ordered supramolecular materials are crucial. The self-assembly of liquid crystals has proven to be an extremely useful tool in the development of well-defined nanostructured materials. We have chosen the illustrative example of photopolymerizable hydrogen-bonding mesogens to show that a wide variety of functional materials can be made from a relatively simple set of building blocks. Upon mixing these compounds with other reactive mesogens, nematic, chiral nematic, and smectic or columnar liquid-crystalline phases can be formed that can be applied as actuators, sensors and responsive reflectors, and nanoporous membranes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk J Broer
- Laboratory of Functional Organic Materials and Devices, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
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Broer DJ, Bastiaansen CMW, Debije MG, Schenning APHJ. Funktionelle organische Materialien auf der Basis polymerisierter flüssigkristalliner Monomere: supramolekulare wasserstoffverbrückte Systeme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201200883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Herzer N, Guneysu H, Davies DJD, Yildirim D, Vaccaro AR, Broer DJ, Bastiaansen CWM, Schenning APHJ. Printable optical sensors based on H-bonded supramolecular cholesteric liquid crystal networks. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:7608-11. [PMID: 22519954 DOI: 10.1021/ja301845n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A printable H-bonded cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) polymer film has been fabricated that, after conversion to a hygroscopic polymer salt film, responds to temperature and humidity by changing its reflection color. Fast-responding humidity sensors have been made in which the reflection color changes between green and yellow depending on the relative humidity. The change in reflection band is a result of a change in helix pitch in the film due to absorption and desorption of water, resulting in swelling/deswelling of the film material. When the polymer salt was saturated with water, a red-reflecting film was obtained that can potentially act as a time/temperature integrator. Finally, the films were printed on a foil, showing the potential application of supramolecular CLC materials as low-cost, printable, battery-free optical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Herzer
- Functional Organic Materials & Devices, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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21
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Saha A, Tanaka Y, Han Y, Bastiaansen CMW, Broer DJ, Sijbesma RP. Irreversible visual sensing of humidity using a cholesteric liquid crystal. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:4579-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc16934g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kado S, Takeshima Y, Nakahara Y, Kimura K. Potassium-ion-selective sensing based on selective reflection of cholesteric liquid crystal membranes. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-011-9970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chen F, Guo J, Qu Z, Wei J. Novel photo-polymerizable chiral hydrogen-bonded self-assembled complexes: Preparation, characterization and the utilization as a thermal switching reflective color film. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm03810e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kawabata K, Goto H. Periodic Structure in a Fluorene-based Polymer Prepared by Electrochemical Polymerization. CHEM LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2009.706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
This article reviews the current status of self-assembling liquid crystalline polymers comprising cholesterol. This article will focus on synthesis, structure-property relationships and strategies to direct ordering and packing of meso- and nanostructures of cholesterol polymers in the neat- or melt state and in solution. The applications of these self-assembled structures will be presented.
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Tal’roze RV, Shatalova AM, Shandryuk GA. Development and stabilization of liquid crystalline phases in hydrogen-bonded systems. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090409030014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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He XZ, Zhang BY, Hu JS, Yao DS, Hu ZF. Side-chain copolymers containing smectic monomer and chiral reagent—Synthesis and characterization. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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