1
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Yang Y, Lu Y, Zhang K. A highly thermally stable benzoxazine resin derived from norbornene and natural renewable tyramine and furfurylamine. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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2
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Zhao W, Hao B, Lu Y, Zhang K. Thermal latent and Low-Temperature polymerization of a Bio-Benzoxazine resin from natural renewable chrysin and furfurylamine. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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3
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Synthesis and Application Studies of DOPO-Based Organophosphorous Derivatives to Modify the Thermal Behavior of Polybenzoxazine. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030606. [PMID: 35160595 PMCID: PMC8840307 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The DOPO-based flame-retardant additives DOPO-HQ, DOPO-AP and DOPO-Van were synthesized in varying numbers of phenolic hydroxyl groups and amine groups. Moreover, their influence on the polymerization of a bisphenol F-based benzoxazine, as well as the thermal properties of the resulting materials, were studied. All DOPO-based derivatives influenced the polymerization temperature onset with a reduction of up to 20 °C, while thermo-mechanical properties remained high. Surprisingly, phosphorous content below 0.4 wt% significantly improved the reaction against small flames yielding an increase in the limited oxygen index by 2% and a V-0 rating in the UL-94 test. DOPO-HQ proved to be the most effective additive regarding the reaction against small flames at an astonishingly low phosphorous concentration of below 0.1 wt%, whereas DOPO-AP and DOPO-Van simultaneously lowered the polymerization temperature.
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4
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Shaer C, Oppenheimer L, Lin A, Ishida H. Advanced Carbon Materials Derived from Polybenzoxazines: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3775. [PMID: 34771331 PMCID: PMC8587001 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review article summarizes the key properties and applications of advanced carbonaceous materials obtained from polybenzoxazines. Identification of several thermal degradation products that arose during carbonization allowed for several different mechanisms (both competitive ones and independent ones) of carbonization, while also confirming the thermal stability of benzoxazines. Electrochemical properties of polybenzoxazine-derived carbon materials were also examined, noting particularly high pseudocapacitance and charge stability that would make benzoxazines suitable as electrodes. Carbon materials from benzoxazines are also highly versatile and can be synthesized and prepared in a number of ways including as films, foams, nanofibers, nanospheres, and aerogels/xerogels, some of which provide unique properties. One example of the special properties is that materials can be porous not only as aerogels and xerogels, but as nanofibers with highly tailorable porosity, controlled through various preparation techniques including, but not limited to, the use of surfactants and silica nanoparticles. In addition to the high and tailorable porosity, benzoxazines have several properties that make them good for numerous applications of the carbonized forms, including electrodes, batteries, gas adsorbents, catalysts, shielding materials, and intumescent coatings, among others. Extreme thermal and electrical stability also allows benzoxazines to be used in harsher conditions, such as in aerospace applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Shaer
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (C.S.); (L.O.)
| | - Leah Oppenheimer
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (C.S.); (L.O.)
| | - Alice Lin
- Hathaway Brown School, Shaker Heights, OH 44120, USA;
| | - Hatsuo Ishida
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (C.S.); (L.O.)
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5
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Machado I, Shaer C, Hurdle K, Calado V, Ishida H. Towards the Development of Green Flame Retardancy by Polybenzoxazines. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Lu Y, Zhang K. Synthesis and properties of biobased mono-benzoxazine resins from natural renewable pterostilbene. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Yang R, Hao B, Zhang K. A study of the effect of L-histidine on the polymerization of benzoxazines and properties of their thermosets. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03485-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Xing Y, He X, Yang R, Zhang K, Yang S. Design of High-Performance Polybenzoxazines with Tunable Extended Networks Based on Resveratrol and Allyl Functional Benzoxazine. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122794. [PMID: 33255950 PMCID: PMC7761256 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel resveratrol-based bio-benzoxazine monomer (RES-al) containing an allyl group has been synthesized using resveratrol, allylamine, and paraformaldehyde via Mannich condensation reaction, and its chemical structures have been characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and NMR techniques. The polymerization behavior of this benzoxazine resin has been investigated using in situ FT-IR and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurements, and the thermal-mechanical properties of its corresponding polybenzoxazines are evaluated by DMA and TGA. We show that by controlling the curing process of the oxazine ring, the C=C bond in resveratrol, and the allyl group in RES-al, the cross-linking network of the polybenzoxazine can be manipulated, giving rise to tunable performance of thermosets. As all curable functionalities in RES-al are polymerized, the resulted polybenzoxazine exhibits a good thermal stability with a Tg temperature of 313 °C, a Td5 value of 352 °C, and char yield of 53% at 800 °C under N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunliang Xing
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China;
| | - Xianru He
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China;
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (K.Z.); Tel.: +86-028-83037406 (X.H.); +86-0571-85016616 (K.Z.)
| | - Rui Yang
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Kan Zhang
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (K.Z.); Tel.: +86-028-83037406 (X.H.); +86-0571-85016616 (K.Z.)
| | - Shengfu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK;
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9
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Hao B, Yang R, Zhang K. A naringenin-based benzoxazine with an intramolecular hydrogen bond as both a thermal latent polymerization additive and property modifier for epoxy resins. RSC Adv 2020; 10:25629-25638. [PMID: 35518631 PMCID: PMC9055261 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04702c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxy resins are constantly attracting attention from industrial applications due to their excellent comprehensive properties. However, the traditional curing agents for liquid epoxy resins react with epoxides even at room temperature, which causes difficulties in processing since such mixtures cannot be directly used as single-component materials. In order to improve the shelf life of the mixtures, we have designed an intramolecular hydrogen bond-containing benzoxazine monomer as a smart thermal latent polymerization agent for epoxy resins. The newly obtained benzoxazine, NAR-a, has been synthesized from the Mannich condensation of naringenin, aniline and paraformaldehyde. In addition to playing the role of a curing agent, NAR-a has also performed as an excellent property modifier for epoxy thermosetting systems. The resulting thermoset based on the NAR-a/epoxy thermosetting system exhibits high thermal stability and good intrinsic flame retardance, with a T g temperature of 201 °C, a T d5 temperature of 349 °C, a low CET value (32.4 ppm per °C) and low heat release capacity (HRC of 159.1 J g-1 K-1). The combined long-term storage stability and versatility of the intramolecular hydrogen bond-containing benzoxazine/epoxy system provide a new strategy for the development of one-component epoxy-related thermosetting resins for application in high-performance areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boran Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China
| | - Rui Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China
| | - Kan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China
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10
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Biobased high-performance tri-furan functional bis-benzoxazine resin derived from renewable guaiacol, furfural and furfurylamine. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Hao B, Han L, Liu Y, Zhang K. An apigenin-based bio-benzoxazine with three polymerizable functionalities: sustainable synthesis, thermal latent polymerization, and excellent thermal properties of its thermosets. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00983k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An apigenin-based benzoxazine exhibiting a thermal latent polymerization behavior, high thermal stability and low flammability has been synthesized from sustainable resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boran Hao
- Research School of Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Lu Han
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Physical Sciences Directorate
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA`
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Research School of Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Kan Zhang
- Research School of Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
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12
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Zhang K, Liu Y, Ishida H. Polymerization of an AB-Type Benzoxazine Monomer toward Different Polybenzoxazine Networks: When Diels–Alder Reaction Meets Benzoxazine Chemistry in a Single-Component Resin. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kan Zhang
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hatsuo Ishida
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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13
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Synthesis and Properties of Benzoxazine Monomers Bearing Both 3-Methyltetrahydrophtalimide and Nitrile Groups: Para-Para vs. Ortho-Ortho. Macromol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-020-8018-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Zhang K, Yu X, Kuo SW. Outstanding dielectric and thermal properties of main chain-type poly(benzoxazine-co-imide-co-siloxane)-based cross-linked networks. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00464e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A high performance cross-linked polymer with a very low dielectric constant was achieved via a newly designed main-chain type poly(benzoxazine-co-imide-co-siloxane).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Zhang
- Research School of Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Xinye Yu
- Research School of Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung
- Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry
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15
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Taylor M, Cavalli G, Hamerton I. Examining the Influence of Organophosphorus Flame Retardants on the Thermal Behavior of Aromatic Polybenzoxazines. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Taylor
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - Gabriel Cavalli
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - Ian Hamerton
- Bristol Composites Institute, Department of Aerospace Engineering School of Civil, Aerospace, and Mechanical Engineering, Queen's Building; University of Bristol, University Walk; Bristol BS8 1TR UK
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16
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Exploring Structure⁻Property Relationships in Aromatic Polybenzoxazines Through Molecular Simulation. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10111250. [PMID: 30961175 PMCID: PMC6401927 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of commercial difunctional benzoxazine monomers are characterized using thermal and thermo-mechanical techniques before constructing representative polymer networks using molecular simulation techniques. Good agreement is obtained between replicate analyses and for the kinetic parameters obtained from differential scanning calorimetry data (and determined using the methods of Kissinger and Ozawa). Activation energies range from 85 to 108 kJ/mol (Kissinger) and 89 to 110 kJ/mol (Ozawa) for the uncatalyzed thermal polymerization reactions, which achieve conversions of between 85% and 97%. Glass transition temperatures determined from differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis are comparable, ranging from BA-a (151 °C, crosslink density 3.6 × 10−3 mol cm−3) containing the bisphenol A moiety to BP-a, based on a phenolphthalein bridge (239 to 256 °C, crosslink density 5.5 to 18.4 × 10−3 mol cm−3, depending on formulation). Molecular dynamics simulations of the polybenzoxazines generally agree well with empirical data, indicating that representative networks have been modelled.
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17
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Zhang K, Shang Z, Evans CJ, Han L, Ishida H, Yang S. Benzoxazine Atropisomers: Intrinsic Atropisomerization Mechanism and Conversion to High Performance Thermosets. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhikun Shang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Corey J. Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Hatsuo Ishida
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Shengfu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
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18
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Zhang K, Yu X. Catalyst-Free and Low-Temperature Terpolymerization in a Single-Component Benzoxazine Resin Containing Both Norbornene and Acetylene Functionalities. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xinye Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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19
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Prediction of the char formation of polybenzoxazines: The effect of heterogeneities in the crosslinked network to the prediction accuracy in quantitative structure-properties relationship (QSPR) model. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Zhang K, Han L, Froimowicz P, Ishida H. Synthesis, polymerization kinetics and thermal properties of para-methylol functional benzoxazine. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Zhang K, Han L, Nie Y, Szigeti ML, Ishida H. Examining the effect of hydroxyl groups on the thermal properties of polybenzoxazines: using molecular design and Monte Carlo simulation. RSC Adv 2018; 8:18038-18050. [PMID: 35542113 PMCID: PMC9080532 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02033g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of methylol and phenolic hydroxyl on the thermal properties of polybenzoxazines has been studied using two monofunctional benzoxazine monomers synthesized from para methylol-/ethyl- phenol, aniline and paraformaldehyde. The chemical structures of the synthesized monomers are confirmed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Polymerizations are monitored by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The glass transition temperature (T g) of each polybenzoxazine is measured by DSC as well as dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), indicating the greatly increased T g via incorporation of methylol functionality into benzoxazine moiety. Monte Carlo simulations are also applied to further investigate the underlying structure-property relationship between intermolecular hydrogen-bonding network originating from different types of hydroxyl groups and thermal properties of polybenzoxazines. The agreement between the experimental and simulation results provide us with a fundamental understanding of the designing roles in highly thermally stable polybenzoxazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Yijing Nie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China
| | - Matthew Louis Szigeti
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Hatsuo Ishida
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106 USA
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22
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Liu H, Liu QQ, Tian L, Wang LY, Xu K, Chen QX, Ou BL. Structural effects of highly π-conjugated mesogenic Schiff-base moiety on the cationic polymerization of benzoxazine and formation of ordered morphologies. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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23
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Tan ZW, Sun J, Wu CY, Qiu JJ, Liu CM. Phosphorus-containing polymers from THPS. IV: Synthesis and properties of phosphorus-containing polybenzoxazines as a green route for recycling toxic phosphine (PH 3) tail gas. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 322:540-550. [PMID: 27776853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A convenient route to convert the highly toxic phosphine (PH3) tail gas into high-performance polybenzoxazines was first described in this paper. Two aliphatic polyamines, namely tris(aminomethyl)phosphine oxide and bis(aminomethyl)phenylphosphine oxide, were synthesized from tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS), a green derivative of PH3 tail gas. And then two novel phosphorus-containing benzoxazine monomers, tris(3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-benzoxazin-3-yl-methyl)phosphine oxide (TBOz) and benzylbis(3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-benzoxazin-3-yl-methyl) phosphine oxide (BBOz) were prepared by three-steps procedure. FT-IR and DSC technologies were adopted to study the thermal-initiated polymerization behaviors of two benzoxazine monomers. Thermal properties of these crosslinked polymers were studied by TGA and DMA. The results display that the polybenzoxazines (PTBOz and PBBOz) exhibite good thermal stabilities and high glass transition temperatures. The char yield of polybanzoxazine is high as 47% and indiactes that phosphorus-containing polybenzoxazines show high fire-retardancy. The surface free energies of the PTBOz and PBBOz are 37.1 and 40.4mJm-2 by Owens two-liquid method. The dielectric properties of the PTBOz and PBBOz remaine near constant in the experimental frequency range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China; School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Jian Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Cheng-Yan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jin-Jun Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Cheng-Mei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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24
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Douse E, Kopsidas S, Jesson D, Hamerton I. Modification of stress-strain behaviour in aromatic polybenzoxazines using core shell rubbers. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Kopsidas S, Hamerton I. Examining the thermal behaviour of novel aromatic polybenzoxazine blends containing an organophosphorous compound and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane reagents. POLYM INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Kopsidas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford GU2 7XH UK
| | - Ian Hamerton
- Advanced Composites Centre for Innovation and Science, Department of Aerospace Engineering; University of Bristol, Queen's Building, University Walk; Bristol BS8 1TR UK
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26
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Developing (Quantitative Structure Property Relationships) QSPR Techniques to Predict the Char Formation of Polybenzoxazines. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8050166. [PMID: 30979257 PMCID: PMC6431917 DOI: 10.3390/polym8050166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study uses the Molecular Operating Environment software (MOE) to generate models to calculate the char yield of polybenzoxazines (PBz). A series of benzoxazine (Bz) monomers were constructed to which a variety of parameters relating to the structure (e.g., water accessible surface, negative van der Waals surface area and hydrophobic volume, etc.) were obtained and a quantitative structure property relationships (QSPR) model was generated. The model was used to generate data for new Bz monomers with desired properties and a comparison was made of predictions based on the QSPR model with the experimental data. This study shows the quality of predictive models and confirms how useful computational screening is prior to synthesis.
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27
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Wan Hassan WA, Liu J, Howlin BJ, Ishida H, Hamerton I. Examining the influence of bisphenol A on the polymerisation and network properties of an aromatic benzoxazine. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Zhang K, Ishida H. Thermally stable polybenzoxazines via ortho-norbornene functional benzoxazine monomers: Unique advantages in monomer synthesis, processing and polymer properties. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Zhang K, Ishida H. An anomalous trade-off effect on the properties of smart ortho-functional benzoxazines. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00031a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of ortho-difunctional benzoxazine monomers containing amide, imide and amide–imide groups have been synthesized in order to obtain basic design rules toward preparing higher performance polybenzoxazoles based on smart benzoxazine chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering
| | - Hatsuo Ishida
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland
- USA
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30
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Sasi kumar R, Padmanathan N, Alagar M. Design of hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane and polybenzoxazine hybrids for interlayer low k dielectrics. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj02188f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Graphical representation of layer-by-layer arrangement of polydimethylsiloxane based polybenzoxazine hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Sasi kumar
- Polymer Composites Lab
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- A.C. Tech
- Anna University
- Chennai-600 025
| | | | - Muthukaruppan Alagar
- Polymer Composites Lab
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- A.C. Tech
- Anna University
- Chennai-600 025
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31
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Hamerton I, McNamara LT, Howlin BJ, Smith PA, Cross P, Ward S. Kinetics and Cure Mechanism in Aromatic Polybenzoxazines Modified Using Thermoplastic Oligomers and Telechelics. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500242w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paul Cross
- Cytec, R414 Wilton Centre, Redcar, TS10 4RF, U.K
| | - Steven Ward
- Cytec, R414 Wilton Centre, Redcar, TS10 4RF, U.K
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