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Zhong B, Al-Saigh ZY. Characterization of biodegradable polymers by inverse gas chromatography: IV, blends of amylopectin and poly (l-lactide-co-caprolactone-co-glycolide). Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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2
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Mohammadi-Jam S, Waters K. Inverse gas chromatography applications: a review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 212:21-44. [PMID: 25092057 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) is a versatile, powerful, sensitive and relatively fast technique for characterizing the physicochemical properties of materials. Due to its applicability in determining surface properties of solids in any form such as films, fibres and powders of both crystalline and amorphous structures, IGC became a popular technique for surface characterization, used extensively soon after its development. One of the most appealing features of IGC that led to its popularity among analytical scientists in early years was its similarity in principle to analytical gas chromatography (GC). The main aspect which distinguishes IGC experiments from conventional GC is the role of mobile and stationary phases. Contrary to conventional GC, the material under investigation is placed in the chromatographic column and a known probe vapour is used to provide information on the surface. In this review, information concerning the history, instrumentation and applications is discussed. Examples of the many experiments developed for IGC method are selected and described. Materials that have been analysed include polymers, pharmaceuticals, minerals, surfactants, and nanomaterials. The properties that can be determined using the IGC technique include enthalpy and entropy of sorption, surface energy (dispersive and specific components), work of co/adhesion, miscibility and solubility parameters, surface heterogeneity, glass transition temperature, and specific surface area.
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3
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Al-Ghait MK, Al-Arifi AS, Al Andis NM, AlOthman ZA, Aouak T. Miscibility enhancement on the poly(vinylchloride)/poly(methylmethacrylate) blend and characterization by inverse gas chromatography: The corrected polymer-polymer interaction parameters from the probes dependency. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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4
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Hamieh T. Determination of the transition phenomena of poly(α-n-alkyl) methacrylates adsorbed on silica by inverse gas chromatography (IGC). JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-010-9519-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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5
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Miscibility study of poly(benzylmethacrylate)/poly(ethylene oxide) blend by inverse gas chromatography. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2009.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nastasović AB, Onjia AE. Determination of glass temperature of polymers by inverse gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1195:1-15. [PMID: 18501369 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2008] [Revised: 05/05/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) is an attractive technique for polymer characterization due to possible simultaneous determination of various physicochemical properties of polymer systems merely from retention times of selected sorbates. The technique is especially advantageous to polymers that cannot be characterized by conventional methods. In this review, the utilization of the method for glass transition determination of homopolymers, copolymers and polymer blends is described. Advantages and drawbacks of the IGC method over traditionally used methods for glass transition temperature determination is discussed, along with the most important parameters that influence the precision and accuracy of the glass transition temperature (T(g)) measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra B Nastasović
- ICTM-Center for Chemistry, Department for Polymers, Studentski trg 12-16, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Hradil J, Stamberg J, Kaganov AL, Synek P. Investigation of the surface structure of polymers by chromatographic methods. I. Hydrophilized polyethylene capillaries for medical applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/polc.5070470116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Benabdelghani Z, Etxeberria A, Djadoun S, Iruin JJ, Uriarte C. The phase behaviour of poly(styrene-co-methacrylic acid)/poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) by inverse gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1127:237-45. [PMID: 16828107 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2006] [Revised: 05/23/2006] [Accepted: 05/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The miscibility behaviour of blends of poly(styrene-co-methacrylic acide) (PSMA-12) containing 12% of methacrylic acid with poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) at five different compositions has been studied by inverse gas chromatography (IGC). The adequacy of two types of solvents (solvents and precipitants) has been tested in order to detect the glass transition temperature, T(g). A single T(g) has been observed in PSMA-12/PPO blends containing less than 67wt% of PPO. Two glass transition temperatures appeared, however, in blends containing higher PPO content. The polymer-polymer interaction parameters have been calculated in the molten state (260-280 degrees C), their values being in good agreement with the observed phase behaviour. Moreover, the methods proposed by Farooque-Deshpande and Huang for obtaining the true polymer-polymer interaction parameters have been compared. Finally, the ability of IGC in order to determine T(g)s has been extended to a ternary system, PSMA-12/PPO/EMV4P-8 poly(ethylmethacrylate-co-4-vinylpyridine) which, depending on the composition, gives a single, two and even three T(g)s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Benabdelghani
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediane, BP 32, El Alia, Algiers 16111, Algeria
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Jarrigeon M, Chabert B, Chatain D, Lacabanne C, Nemoz G. Multiple transitions in isotactic polypropylene around and above the glass transition. J MACROMOL SCI B 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348008212795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Jarrigeon
- a Laboratoires de Chimie Macromoléculaire et de Synthése Minérale , Université Claude Bernard Lyon , Villeurbanne, I-69621, France
| | - B. Chabert
- a Laboratoires de Chimie Macromoléculaire et de Synthése Minérale , Université Claude Bernard Lyon , Villeurbanne, I-69621, France
| | - D. Chatain
- b Laboratoire de Physique du Solide Université Paul Sabatier , Toulouse, Cedex, 31077, France
| | - C. Lacabanne
- b Laboratoire de Physique du Solide Université Paul Sabatier , Toulouse, Cedex, 31077, France
| | - G. Nemoz
- c Institut Textile de France , Section Lyon BP 60, Chemin des Mouilles, Ecully, 69130, France
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Pausch JB, Mckalen CA, Berens AR. A new rapid method for measuring the surface area of poly(vinyl chloride). J MACROMOL SCI B 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348108219438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. B. Pausch
- a BFGoodrich Research & Development Center , Brecksville, Ohio, 44141
| | - C. A. Mckalen
- a BFGoodrich Research & Development Center , Brecksville, Ohio, 44141
| | - A. R. Berens
- a BFGoodrich Research & Development Center , Brecksville, Ohio, 44141
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Sakar D, Erdogan T, Cankurtaran O, Hizal G, Karaman F, Tunca U. Physicochemical characterization of poly(tert-butyl acrylate-b-methyl methacrylate) prepared with atom transfer radical polymerization by inverse gas chromatography. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Kozłowska MK, Domańska U, Lempert M, Rogalski M. Determination of thermodynamic properties of isotactic poly(1-butene) at infinite dilution using density and inverse gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1068:297-305. [PMID: 15830936 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The partial molar volumes, V1(M), and the molar volume of isotactic crystalline low-molecular-weight poly(1-butene), iPBu-1, V1, have been calculated from the measured density of {iPBu-1 + solvent (n-hexane, n-heptane, n-nonane, n-decane, p-xylene, cyclohexane and chloroform)} systems. Some of the thermodynamic quantities were also obtained for the iPBu-1 with eight hydrocarbons (n-octane, n-decane, n-undecane, n-dodecane, n-tridecane, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene) by the method of inverse gas chromatography at various temperatures. The weight fraction activity coefficients of the solvent at infinite dilution, omega2(infinity) and the Flory-Huggins thermodynamic interaction parameters, chi21(infinity), between polymer and solvents were determined. The partial molar free energy, deltaG2(infinity), the partial molar heat of mixing, deltaH2(infinity), at infinite dilution and the polymer solubility parameter, delta1, were calculated. Additionally, the (solid + liquid) binary mixtures equilibria, SLE, of iPBu-1 with three hydrocarbons (n-octane, n-decane and m-xylene) were studied by a dynamic method. By performing these experiments over a large concentration range, the T-x phase diagrams of the polymer-solvent systems were constructed. The excess Gibbs energy models were used to describe the nonideal behaviour of the liquid phase. The omega2(infinity) were determined from the solubility measurements and were predicted by using the UNIFAC FV model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Karolina Kozłowska
- Physical Chemistry Division, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
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Burnett DJ, Thielmann F, Booth J. Determining the critical relative humidity for moisture-induced phase transitions. Int J Pharm 2005; 287:123-33. [PMID: 15541919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2004] [Revised: 09/08/2004] [Accepted: 09/08/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A new method to determine the onset relative humidity for a glass transition and crystallization processes in amorphous or partially amorphous materials was developed using dynamic gravimetric vapor sorption (DVS). Water vapor can act as a plasticizing agent in amorphous materials, thus lowering the glass transition temperature below room temperatures. Additional water sorption can lead to a crystallization event below the glass transition temperature. On spray-dried lactose the glass transition RH and crystallization RH values were 30 and 58% at 25 degrees C, respectively. Glass transition and crystallization RH values were also measured at 5, 15, 25, 35, and 45 degrees C on a spray-dried salbutamol sulfate sample. The glass transition RH values for the salbutamol sulfate sample ranged from 64.5% RH (5 degrees C) to 32.8% RH (45 degrees C) while the crystallization RH values ranged from 81.0% RH (5 degrees C) to 50.4% RH (45 degrees C). The results clearly show that the glass transition and crystallization humidity values decrease as the sample temperature increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Burnett
- Surface Measurement Systems Ltd., 2222 South 12th Street, Suite D, Allentown, PA 18103, USA.
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Wibawa G, Takishima S, Sato Y, Masuoka H. An improved prediction result of entropic-FV model for vapor-liquid equilibria of solvent-polymer systems. J Appl Polym Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/app.21782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Mayer-Helm BX, Rauter W. Determination of the minimum allowable operating temperature of stationary phases in capillary columns by inverse gas chromatography. Analyst 2005; 130:502-7. [PMID: 15776160 DOI: 10.1039/b416320f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A method was developed to determine the minimum allowable operating temperature (MiAOT) of wall coated open tubular capillary columns. Two polyethylene glycol and fourteen polysiloxanes phases with different side groups (methyl, phenyl, cyanopropyl, trifluoropropyl, n-octyl) and backbone stiffening units (tetramethyl-p-silphenylene, tetramethyl-p,p'-sildiphenylene ether, carborane) were investigated by inverse gas chromatography. A sigmoidal profile of temperature versus column efficiency was found for almost all phases, as the column efficiency increased with temperature. The MiAOT was defined as that temperature where the column efficiency is half of its original value at elevated temperatures. It was found that the MiAOT of a stationary phase is approx. 60 K higher than its glass transition temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard X Mayer-Helm
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Shi B, Feng C, Wu Y. A new method of measuring alcohol clusters in polyimide membrane: combination of inverse gas chromatography with equilibrium swelling. J Memb Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Davis PK, Danner RP, Duda JL, Hadj Romdhane I. Use of Inverse Gas Chromatography To Study Binary Polymer−Solvent Systems near the Glass Transition Temperature. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0347767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter K. Davis
- The Center for the Study of Polymer-Solvent Systems, Chemical Engineering Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and 3M Engineering Systems Technology Center, 3M Center, Bldg 518−1−01 St. Paul, Minnesota 55144-1000
| | - Ronald P. Danner
- The Center for the Study of Polymer-Solvent Systems, Chemical Engineering Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and 3M Engineering Systems Technology Center, 3M Center, Bldg 518−1−01 St. Paul, Minnesota 55144-1000
| | - J. Larry Duda
- The Center for the Study of Polymer-Solvent Systems, Chemical Engineering Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and 3M Engineering Systems Technology Center, 3M Center, Bldg 518−1−01 St. Paul, Minnesota 55144-1000
| | - Ilyess Hadj Romdhane
- The Center for the Study of Polymer-Solvent Systems, Chemical Engineering Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and 3M Engineering Systems Technology Center, 3M Center, Bldg 518−1−01 St. Paul, Minnesota 55144-1000
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Seger LHGJ, Wouters MEL, Bos M, van den Berg JWA, Vancso GJ. Surface energy characteristics of toner particles by automated inverse gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2002; 969:215-27. [PMID: 12385393 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00374-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) was applied to the surface energy study of surfaces of toner particles. The dispersive component of the surface energy was determined for three toner materials by infinite dilution IGC. The values obtained were comparable to the values obtained from contact angle experiments. Previous adhesion experiments by atomic force microscopy suggested that the toner is a hydrophilic material with multiple adsorption energy sites. Both aspects were at least qualitatively confirmed by finite concentration IGC. Several indications for surface heterogeneity were found: (i) the difference between the dispersive component of the surface energy determined by IGC and the unexpectedly low total surface energy as determined by droplet analysis, (ii) the strong tailing behavior of the peaks of the injected polar probes, (iii) the decrease of the net retention volume with increasing n-pentane concentration, and finally (iv) the broad energy site distribution function with a dominant site at 28 kJ/mol, as determined by finite concentration IGC for n-pentane as molecular probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H G J Seger
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and MESA Research Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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20
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Partlett MJ, Thomas PS. Characterization of surface-modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres by inverse gas chromatography. POLYM INT 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-0126(200006)49:6<495::aid-pi391>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Du Q, Chen W, Munk P. Inverse Gas Chromatography. 8. Apparent Probe Dependence of χ23‘ for a Poly(vinyl chloride)−Poly(tetramethylene glycol) Blend. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9809233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiangguo Du
- The Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- The Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Petr Munk
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Polymer Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
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Al-saigh ZY. Review: Inverse Gas Chromatography for the Characterization of Polymer Blends. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 1997. [DOI: 10.1080/10236669708032768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Price GJ, Shillcock IM. Investigation of mesophase transitions in liquid crystals using inverse gas chromatography. CAN J CHEM 1995. [DOI: 10.1139/v95-233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inverse Gas Chromatography, IGC, has been used to study phase transitions in three low molar mass liquid crystals and one side-chain liquid crystalline polymer. This extension of previous work has shown that transitions between all of the various mesophases can be detected and their temperatures measured with an accuracy and precision comparable to that of more conventional techniques. For one of the compounds, 4,4′-(n-hexyloxy)cyanobiphenyl, the kinetics of solidification from the supercooled nematic phase have been measured. The process took place in two stages which could be interpreted in terms of a modified version of the Avrami model of polymer crystallization. An explanation of the results is that the solid support is providing a large number of nucleation sites for the initial part of the solidification, which is completed in a slow, diffusion-limited process. However, further work is required to confirm this mechanism. Keywords: inverse gas chromatography (IGC), liquid crystals, mesophase transitions, activity coefficients, retention volumes.
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Bogillo VI, Voelkel A. Solution properties of amorphous co- and terpolymers of styrene as examined by inverse gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00580-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Etxeberría A, Alfageme J, Uriarte C, Iruin JJ. Inverse gas chromatography in the characterization of polymeric materials. J Chromatogr A 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(92)87080-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Roles J, Guiochon G. Experimental determination of adsorption isotherm data for the study of the surface energy distribution of various solid surfaces by inverse gas-solid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(92)80242-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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27
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Klein BH, Springer J. Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Side Group Polymers as Stationary Phases in High Performance Liquid Chromatography. I. the Temperature Dependence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1080/01483919108049633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Rothstein DP, Wu BG, Lee TV, Madey R. Adsorption isotherms and isosteric heats of adsorption for ethane, propane, and n-butane on polystyrene. J Colloid Interface Sci 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9797(85)80014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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30
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Determination of the glass transition temperature of poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) by inverse gas chromatography. POLYMER 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(85)90249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Shoji K, Nakajima Y, Ueda E, Takeda M. Determination of Glass Transition Temperatures of Cholesteryl Methacrylate–Methyl Methacrylate Copolymers by Gas Chromatography. Polym J 1985. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.17.811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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32
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Glass transition temperatures of some copolymers of styrene with methyl methacrylate using DTA and chromatographic data. Eur Polym J 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-3057(85)90236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Yampolskii Y, Durgarjan S, Kaliuzhnyi N. Sorption of n-alkanes in poly(vinyltrimethylsilane) studied by inverse gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)99176-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Ito K, Masuda Y, Shintani T, Kitano T, Yamashita Y. Inverse Gas Chromatography on Graft and Random Copolymers of Styrene and 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate. Polym J 1983. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.15.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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36
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Murakami Y, Inui T, Suzuki T, Takegami Y. Morphological Study of Polymer Blend of Poly (acrylic acid) and Polystyrene by Inverse Gas Chromatography. Polym J 1983. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.15.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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37
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Khalil H, Miltz J, Gilbert S. Interaction between low-molecular-weight compounds and nitrile-based polymers. J Chromatogr A 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)90823-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Inui T, Murakami Y, Suzuki T, Takegami Y. Principal Factors in Preparing Columns for Inverse Gas Chromatography. Polym J 1982. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.14.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Suzuki T, Murakami Y, Inui T, Takegami Y. Morphological Study of Hydrophilic–Hydrophobic Polymer System by Inverse Gas Chromatography: Physical Blends of Poly(ethylene oxide) with Polystyrene. Polym J 1981. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.13.1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Studies of poly(vinyl chloride)/solution chlorinated polyethylene blends by inverse gas chromatography. Eur Polym J 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-3057(81)90212-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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