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AB-alternating copolymers via chain-growth polymerization: synthesis, characterization, self-assembly, and functions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3473-3483. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00275e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this review, four topics on alternating copolymers synthesized via chain-growth polymerization are reviewed: (1) how to control the alternating sequence; (2) sequence analysis; (3) self-assembly; and (4) functions.
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Photophysics of Carbazole-Containing Systems. 2. Fluorescence Behaviour of Poly(N-Vinyl Carbazole) and N -Vinyl Carbazole/Methyl Acrylate Copolymer Films. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/0954-0083/9/4/001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescence behaviour of thin films of poly( N-vinyl carbazole), PNVCz, and a series of N-vinyl carbazole/methyl acrylate, NVCz/MA, copolymers has been investigated using both steady-state and time-resolved emission techniques. The fluorescence of PNVCz at 298 K is dominated by emission from two excimeric traps. Trap I has the conventional ‘sandwich’ structure formed from two fully overlapped aromatic rings. The other (trap II) is a species involving two partially overlapped carbazole substituents. The fluorescences of the NVCz/MA copolymers contain contributions from unassociated or monomeric carbazoyl excited states which increase in prominence as the aromatic content of the system is reduced. The influence of intermolecular interactions in creating excimer traps is apparent: even at a carbazole content of 8.3 mol%, excimer emission is evident. In PNVCz and copolymers of higher aromatic contents, the microtacticity of the macromolecule exerts a dominant influence upon the photophysical behaviour of the bulk polymer despite the moderating effects of intermolecular interactions between chromophores. As the temperature of the system is reduced, the contribution from trap II to the overall fluorescence from the polymer films increases relative to that made by emission from trap I. At 77 K, the fluorescence of PNVCz contains a significant contribution from trap II emission. At 298 K, fluorescence from the conventional excimer, trap I, dominates the steady-state emission spectrum. On the basis of observations upon time-resolved fluorescence data, it is proposed that restrictions to the reorientation of carbazole substituents which occur at low temperature serve to inhibit the conversion of a proportion of the trap II sites into fully overlapped excimers, thereby reducing depletion of the trap II population. Implicit to this explanation of the photophysical characteristics of PNVCz and the higher content NVCz/MA copolymers, is the belief that the high concentration of excimer-forming trap sites mitigates against significant energy migration between carbazole substituents which might otherwise populate the excimer traps. These observations are of importance to considerations of the photoconductivity displayed by polymers derived from NVCz.
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Synthesis and Photoproperties of Edge-functionalized Zeolite-templated Carbon with Bromine or Carbazole Groups. CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.160123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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4
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Broadband spectra with fluorescence and phosphorescence dual emission from bichromophoric platinum metallomesogens containing a 6,12-dihydro-indeno[1,2-b]fluorene linkage. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03391a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Two bichromophoric platinum metallomesogens, FJ-1 and FJ-2, exhibited fluorescence (1π,π*) and phosphorescence (3π,π*) dual emissions in solution. Their photophysical properties were detailedly investigated by experiment and theory calculation.
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Photo-induced living cationic copolymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether and vinyl ether with carbazolyl groups. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-014-1540-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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RAFT Polymerization of S-Vinyl Sulfide Derivatives and Synthesis of Block Copolymers Having Two Distinct Optoelectronic Functionalities. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400813e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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The use of siloxanes, silsesquioxanes, and silicones in organic semiconducting materials. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:5119-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35519e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Orderly ultrathin films based on perylene/poly(N-vinyl carbazole) assembled with layered double hydroxide nanosheets: 2D fluorescence resonance energy transfer and reversible fluorescence response for volatile organic compounds. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:6053-6057. [PMID: 22936625 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201203040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Neutral poly(N-vinyl carbazole) (PVK) and perylene are coassembled within the interlayers of layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets to form (perylene@PVK/LDH)(n) ultrathin films by the hydrogen-bond layer-by-layer assembly method. An efficient 2D fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) process from PVK to perylene is demonstrated, and this FRET process can be inhibited/recovered reversibly by the adsorption/desorption of common volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
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Differential Förster Resonance Energy Transfer from the Excimers of Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) to Coumarin 153. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:4693-701. [DOI: 10.1021/jp300727e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Hyper-efficient quenching of non-conjugated pendant polymer by silver nanoparticles: A demonstration and versatile mechanistic proposition. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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The steric effect of aromatic pendant groups and electrical bistability in π-stacked polymers for memory devices. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:4640-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23953a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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An experimental and theoretical study of the carbazole to carbazole intramolecular energy transfer in N-vinylcarbazole/vinyl tert-butyl-benzoate copolymers of different molar compositions. POLYM INT 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.3107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Characterization of N-vinyl carbazole/vinyl 4-tert-butyl-benzoate copolymers of several molar compositions: SEC, DSC and intramolecular excimers in dilute solutions. Eur Polym J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2010.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Synthesizing and characterization of comb-shaped carbazole containing copolymer via combination of ring opening polymerization and nitroxide-mediated polymerization. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Unique photoluminescence property of a novel perfectly carbazole-substituted POSS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b513125a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Excimers in dilute solutions of N-vinyl carbazole/styrene copolymers of different molar compositions. POLYMER 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(02)00584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Configurations conducive to the formation of intramolecular excimers in poly(N-vinyl carbazole) and its copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Development of Polymeric Photosensitizers for Photoinitiated Cationic Polymerization. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0018502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Donor−Sensitizer−Acceptor Triad System for Photoenergy Migration, Photoenergy Transfer, and Electron Transfer in a Bilayer Membrane. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja981186t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Functionality of Polypeptide by Induction of Specific Tertiary Structure. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 1997. [DOI: 10.1080/10601329708010326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Effect of Coil Collapse on Photon-Harvesting Polymers with Carbazole Chromophores. Macromolecules 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ma960680j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Synthesis and structure of a vesicular assembly of dialkylammonium-type amphiphile carrying L-3-(3-N-ethylcarbazolyl)alanine. Amino Acids 1994; 7:311-6. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00807706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/1992] [Accepted: 05/25/1992] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Effects of lipid structure on energy transfer from carbazolyl to anthryl groups in a lipid bilayer. Biophys Chem 1992; 44:187-98. [PMID: 1420948 DOI: 10.1016/0301-4622(92)80051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two types of chromophoric amphiphiles were synthesized: one of them possesses a molecular structure of N,N-dialkyl aromatic amino acid (5X18 type, where X is A or Cz), and the other alpha,gamma-dialkylglutamate connected to aromatic amino acid (mXG12 type, where m is an integer). 5-N-Ethylcarbazolyl and 9-anthryl groups were chosen as the chromophore, and introduced to each amino acid derivative. All the amphiphiles formed assembly showing gel-liquid crystalline phase transition. The phase-transition temperature of the assembly composed of mXG12-type amphiphile was higher than that of 5X18-type amphiphile. Absorption and CD spectra of 6-(trimethylammonium)hexanoyl-L-3-(5-N-ethylcarbazolyl) alanine N,N-dioctadecylamide bromide (5Cz18) in the assembly indicated the absence of strong ground-state interactions between the carbazolyl groups, while those of 6-(trimethylammonium)hexanoyl-L-3-(5-N-ethylcarbazolyl)alanyl-L-gl utamic acid alpha,gamma-didodecyl ester (5CzG12) or 11-(trimethylammonium)undecanoyl-L-3-(5-N-ethylcarbazolyl)al anyl-L-glutamic acid alpha,gamma-didodecyl ester (10CzG12) indicated the ground-state interactions based on dimer or higher aggregates. Fluorescence spectra of 5Cz18 showed very weak excimer emission, while excimer and/or excited dimer or higher aggregates were observed in the assembly of 5CzG12 or 10CzG12. Similar results were obtained for amphiphiles (mAG12) with anthryl and hydroxyethyldimethylammonium groups in places respectively of carbazolyl and trimethylammonium groups of 5CzG12 and 10CzG12. Taking these results together into consideration, the molecular packing of mXG12 in the assembly should be tighter than that of 5X18. In the binary assembly of 6-(trimethylammonium)hexanoyl-L-3-(9-anthryl) alanine N,N-dioctadecylamide bromide (5A18)/5Cz18 (1/99 mol/mol), about 60% of photoenergy absorbed by the carbazolyl groups was transferred to the anthryl groups, indicating an efficient energy migration along the two-dimensional array of carbazolyl chromophores of 5Cz18. On the other hand, in the mCzG12/mAG12 binary assembly, the energy-transfer efficiency was much lower due to the formation of dimer or the higher aggregates acting as energy-dissipating sites.
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Steric Effect on Dimer Radical Cation Formation of Poly(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9-vinylcarbazole) and Its Dimeric Model Compounds Studied by Laser Photolysis. Polym J 1990. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.22.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Radical Copolymerization of 2-Vinylnaphthalene with Maleic Anhydride. Characterization of the Microstructure of the Resulting Copolymer by Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Polym J 1989. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.21.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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34
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Stabilization of an Anion Radical Formed in Poly(vinyl methyl terephthalate) Studied by Anion Radical Transfer Method. Polym J 1988. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.20.837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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The Pulse-Photoconductivity of Poly(1-vinylpyrene). BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1987. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.60.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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36
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The kinetic parameters for intramolecular excimer formation from the meso and racemic diastereoisomers of 2,4-DI(2-pyrenyl) pentane: evidence for rapid conformer interconversion. Chem Phys Lett 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(87)87089-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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37
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An interpretation of the photophysical properties of poly(N-vinylcarbazole) based on bichromophoric model systems and the conformational analysis of the polymer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0144-2880(86)90051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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38
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Radical copolymerization of ethylene glycol bis(methyl fumarate) with N-vinylcarbazole. Polym Bull (Berl) 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00263461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Intramolecular excimer formation of oligostyrenes from dimer to tridecamer: The measurements of rate constants for excimer formation, singlet energy migration, and relaxation of internal rotation. J Chem Phys 1983. [DOI: 10.1063/1.446269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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HIGH-PRESSURE LUMINESCENCE PROBES IN POLYMERS. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1981. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1981.tb55456.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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46
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HIGH-PRESSURE LUMINESCENCE PROBES IN POLYMERS. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1981. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1981.tb55666.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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47
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48
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Synthesis, fluorescence emission spectra and chiroptical properties of copolymers of N-vinylcarbazole and optically active fumarates. POLYMER 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(81)90298-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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49
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50
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Transient decay studies of photophysical processes in aromatic polymers: 2. Investigation of intramolecular excimer formation in copolymers of 1-vinyl naphthalene and methyl acrylate. POLYMER 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(81)90038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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