1
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A radical approach for the selective C-H borylation of azines. Nature 2021; 595:677-683. [PMID: 34015802 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Boron functional groups are often introduced in place of aromatic carbon-hydrogen bonds to expedite small-molecule diversification through coupling of molecular fragments1-3. Current approaches based on transition-metal-catalysed activation of carbon-hydrogen bonds are effective for the borylation of many (hetero)aromatic derivatives4,5 but show narrow applicability to azines (nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycles), which are key components of many pharmaceutical and agrochemical products6. Here we report an azine borylation strategy using stable and inexpensive amine-borane7 reagents. Photocatalysis converts these low-molecular-weight materials into highly reactive boryl radicals8 that undergo efficient addition to azine building blocks. This reactivity provides a mechanistically alternative tactic for sp2 carbon-boron bond assembly, where the elementary steps of transition-metal-mediated carbon-hydrogen bond activation and reductive elimination from azine-organometallic intermediates are replaced by a direct, Minisci9-style, radical addition. The strongly nucleophilic character of the amine-boryl radicals enables predictable and site-selective carbon-boron bond formation by targeting the azine's most activated position, including the challenging sites adjacent to the basic nitrogen atom. This approach enables access to aromatic sites that elude current strategies based on carbon-hydrogen bond activation, and has led to borylated materials that would otherwise be difficult to prepare. We have applied this process to the introduction of amine-borane functionalities to complex and industrially relevant products. The diversification of the borylated azine products by mainstream cross-coupling technologies establishes aromatic amino-boranes as a powerful class of building blocks for chemical synthesis.
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2
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Zhong M, Gagné Y, Hope TO, Pannecoucke X, Frenette M, Jubault P, Poisson T. Copper-Photocatalyzed Hydroboration of Alkynes and Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14498-14503. [PMID: 33780588 PMCID: PMC8252632 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The photocatalytic hydroboration of alkenes and alkynes is reported. The use of newly-designed copper photocatalysts with B2 Pin2 permits the formation a boryl radical, which is used for hydroboration of a large panel of alkenes and alkynes. The hydroborated products were isolated in high yields, with excellent diastereoselectivities and a high functional group tolerance under mild conditions. The hydroboration reactions were developed under continuous flow conditions to demonstrate their synthetic utility. The reaction mechanism was studied and suggested an oxidation reaction between an in situ formed borate and the Cu-photocatalyst in its excited state for the boryl radical formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingbing Zhong
- Normandie Univ.INSA RouenUNIROUENCNRSCOBRA (UMR 6014)76000RouenFrance
| | - Yohann Gagné
- Département de ChimieUniversité du Québec à MontréalCase postal 8888, Succursale Centre-VilleMontréalQuébecH3C 3P8Canada
| | - Taylor O. Hope
- Département de ChimieUniversité du Québec à MontréalCase postal 8888, Succursale Centre-VilleMontréalQuébecH3C 3P8Canada
| | | | - Mathieu Frenette
- Département de ChimieUniversité du Québec à MontréalCase postal 8888, Succursale Centre-VilleMontréalQuébecH3C 3P8Canada
| | - Philippe Jubault
- Normandie Univ.INSA RouenUNIROUENCNRSCOBRA (UMR 6014)76000RouenFrance
| | - Thomas Poisson
- Normandie Univ.INSA RouenUNIROUENCNRSCOBRA (UMR 6014)76000RouenFrance
- Institut Universitaire de France1 rue Descartes75231ParisFrance
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3
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Zhong M, Gagné Y, Hope TO, Pannecoucke X, Frenette M, Jubault P, Poisson T. Copper‐Photocatalyzed Hydroboration of Alkynes and Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingbing Zhong
- Normandie Univ. INSA Rouen UNIROUEN CNRS COBRA (UMR 6014) 76000 Rouen France
| | - Yohann Gagné
- Département de Chimie Université du Québec à Montréal Case postal 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville Montréal Québec H3C 3P8 Canada
| | - Taylor O. Hope
- Département de Chimie Université du Québec à Montréal Case postal 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville Montréal Québec H3C 3P8 Canada
| | - Xavier Pannecoucke
- Normandie Univ. INSA Rouen UNIROUEN CNRS COBRA (UMR 6014) 76000 Rouen France
| | - Mathieu Frenette
- Département de Chimie Université du Québec à Montréal Case postal 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville Montréal Québec H3C 3P8 Canada
| | - Philippe Jubault
- Normandie Univ. INSA Rouen UNIROUEN CNRS COBRA (UMR 6014) 76000 Rouen France
| | - Thomas Poisson
- Normandie Univ. INSA Rouen UNIROUEN CNRS COBRA (UMR 6014) 76000 Rouen France
- Institut Universitaire de France 1 rue Descartes 75231 Paris France
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4
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Aelterman M, Sayes M, Jubault P, Poisson T. Electrochemical Hydroboration of Alkynes. Chemistry 2021; 27:8277-8282. [PMID: 33945175 PMCID: PMC8251609 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we reported the electrochemical hydroboration of alkynes by using B2Pin2 as the boron source. This unprecedented reaction manifold was applied to a broad range of alkynes, giving the hydroboration products in good to excellent yields without the need of a metal catalyst or a hydride source. This transformation relied on the possible electrochemical oxidation of an in situ formed borate. This anodic oxidation performed in an undivided cell allowed the formation of a putative boryl radical, which reacted on the alkyne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Aelterman
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Morgane Sayes
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Downtown, Montréal, Québec, H3 C3 J7, Canada
| | - Philippe Jubault
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Thomas Poisson
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000, Rouen, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231, Paris, France
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5
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Wang Q, Meng W, Feng X, Du H. B(
C
6
F
5
)
3
‐Catalyzed
Hydroboration of Alkenes with
N
‐Heterocyclic
Carbene Boranes
via
B—H Bond Activation. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaotian Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiangqing Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Haifeng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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6
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Kawamoto T, Morioka T, Noguchi K, Curran DP, Kamimura A. Inverse Hydroboration of Imines with NHC-Boranes Is Promoted by Diphenyl Disulfide and Visible Light. Org Lett 2021; 23:1825-1828. [PMID: 33621108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe a simple and efficient procedure for nucleophilic borylation of imines in the absence of a photoredox catalyst. Visible light irradiation of an acetonitrile solution of an imine, an NHC-borane, and diphenyl disulfide (10 mol %) provides various stable α-amino NHC-boranes in good yields. The reaction proceeds via addition of a nucleophilic boryl radical to an imine, followed by hydrogen abstraction from thiophenol, which is generated from NHC-borane and diphenyl disulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Kawamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Morioka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Kohki Noguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Dennis P Curran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Akio Kamimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
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7
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Manar KK, Porwal VK, Kamte RS, Adhikari M, Thakur SK, Bawari D, Choudhury AR, Singh S. Reactions of a BICAAC with hydroboranes: propensity for Lewis adduct formation and carbene insertion into the B-H bond. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:17472-17478. [PMID: 31714564 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03382c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of a bicyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (BICAAC) towards different boranes has been examined in the present work. The reactions with boranes BX3·SMe2 (X = H, Cl, Br), BF3·OEt2 and BCl3 yield Lewis adducts [BICAAC·BH3] (1), [BICAAC·BHCl2] (2), [BICAAC·BH2Cl] (3), [BICAAC·BF3] (4), [BICAAC·BCl3] (5) and [BICAAC·BBr3] (6) respectively, whereas more hydridic boranes, 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9-BBN) and catecholborane (HBcat), enable the insertion of the carbene carbon into the B-H bond to form [BICAAC(H)-(9-BBN)] (7) and [BICAAC(H)-Bcat] (8). These complexes are the first examples of BICAAC-boron compounds and have been characterized using IR, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, HRMS spectrometry and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Computational analyses were also performed to gain insight into the mechanism of B-H bond activation and adduct formation. Furthermore, the reactions of the BICAAC with boranes have been compared with the known reactions of CAACs and NHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna K Manar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India.
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Kanazawa University; Kakuma-machi 920-1192 Kanazawa Japan
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9
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Mutlu S, Watanabe K, Takahara S, Arsu N. Thioxanthone-anthracene-9-carboxylic acid as radical photoinitiator in the presence of atmospheric air. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saliha Mutlu
- Department of Chemistry; Yildiz Technical University; Davutpasa Campus Istanbul 34210 Turkey
| | - Kohei Watanabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology; Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho; Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Shigeru Takahara
- Department of Materials Science; Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho; Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Nergis Arsu
- Department of Chemistry; Yildiz Technical University; Davutpasa Campus Istanbul 34210 Turkey
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10
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Synthesis and characterization of organozirconiums with type-II photoinitiator ligands as multifunctional photoinitiators for free radical photopolymerization. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Conformational analysis of N→BH3, N→BF3, and N-CH3+complexes with ibuprofen-derivative amides. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Silva Valverde MF, Schweyen P, Gisinger D, Bannenberg T, Freytag M, Kleeberg C, Tamm M. Durch N-heterocyclische Carbene stabilisierte Borylradikale. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel F. Silva Valverde
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
| | - Peter Schweyen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
| | - Daria Gisinger
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
| | - Thomas Bannenberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
| | - Matthias Freytag
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
| | - Christian Kleeberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
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13
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Silva Valverde MF, Schweyen P, Gisinger D, Bannenberg T, Freytag M, Kleeberg C, Tamm M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Stabilized Boryl Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:1135-1140. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel F. Silva Valverde
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Peter Schweyen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Daria Gisinger
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Thomas Bannenberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Matthias Freytag
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Christian Kleeberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
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14
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Brea O, Alkorta I, Mó O, Yáñez M, Elguero J, Corral I. Exergonic and Spontaneous Production of Radicals through Beryllium Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201603690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Brea
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Módulo 13, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco; 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC).; C/ Juan de la Cierva, 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Otilia Mó
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Módulo 13, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco; 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Manuel Yáñez
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Módulo 13, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco; 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC).; C/ Juan de la Cierva, 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Inés Corral
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Módulo 13, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco; 28049 Madrid Spain
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15
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Brea O, Alkorta I, Mó O, Yáñez M, Elguero J, Corral I. Exergonic and Spontaneous Production of Radicals through Beryllium Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:8736-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201603690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Brea
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Módulo 13, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco; 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC).; C/ Juan de la Cierva, 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Otilia Mó
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Módulo 13, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco; 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Manuel Yáñez
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Módulo 13, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco; 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC).; C/ Juan de la Cierva, 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Inés Corral
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Módulo 13, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco; 28049 Madrid Spain
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Chen J, Chen X, Zhu C, Zhu J. Room temperature polymerization of norbornene with a hydride-bridged dinuclear ruthenium complex system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Karasu F, Croutxé-Barghorn C, Allonas X, Van Der Ven LG. Free radical photopolymerization initiated by UV and LED: Towards UV stabilized, tack free coatings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feyza Karasu
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering; University of Haute Alsace; 3b Rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse France
| | - Céline Croutxé-Barghorn
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering; University of Haute Alsace; 3b Rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse France
| | - Xavier Allonas
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering; University of Haute Alsace; 3b Rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse France
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18
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Martín-Sómer A, Mó O, Yáñez M. Are Boryl Radicals from Amine-Boranes and Phosphine-Boranes the Most Stable Radicals? Chemphyschem 2014; 15:2288-94. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Tehfe MA, Schweizer S, Chany AC, Ysacco C, Clément JL, Gigmes D, Morlet-Savary F, Fouassier JP, Neuburger M, Tschamber T, Blanchard N, Lalevée J. On the Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of N-Heteroaryl-Boryl Radicals, a New Radical Class Based on Five-Membered Ring Ligands. Chemistry 2014; 20:5054-63. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Ligon SC, Husár B, Wutzel H, Holman R, Liska R. Strategies to reduce oxygen inhibition in photoinduced polymerization. Chem Rev 2013; 114:557-89. [PMID: 24083614 DOI: 10.1021/cr3005197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Clark Ligon
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology , Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
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21
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Tantawy W, Hashem A, Yousif N, Flefel E. The water–boryl radical as a proton-coupled electron transfer reagent for carbon dioxide, formic acid, and formaldehyde — Theoretical approach. CAN J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2012-0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The thermochemistry of the hydrogen atom transfer reactions from the H2O–BX2 radical system (X = H, CH3, NH2, OH, F) to carbon dioxide, formic acid, and (or) formaldehyde, which produce hydroxyformyl, dihydroxymethyl, and hydroxymethyl radicals, respectively, were investigated theoretically at ROMP2/6–311+G(3DF,2P)//UB3LYP/6–31G(D) and UG3(MP2)-RAD levels of theory. Surprisingly, in the cases of a strong Lewis acid (X = H, CH3, F), the spin transfer process from the water–boryl radical to the carbonyl compounds was barrier-free and associated with a dramatic reduction in the B–H bond dissociation energy (BDE) relative to that of isolated water–borane complexes. Examining the coordinates of these reactions revealed that the entire hydrogen atom transfer process is governed by the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) mechanism. Hence, the elucidated mechanism has been applied in the cases of weak Lewis acids (X = NH2, OH), and the variation in the accompanied activation energy was attributed to the stereoelectronic effect interplaying in CO2 and HCOOH compared with HCHO. We ascribed the overall mechanism as a SA-induced five-center cyclic PCET, in which the proton transfers across the so-called complexation-induced hydrogen bond (CIHB) channel, while the SOMOB–LUMOC=O′ interaction is responsible for the electron migration process. Owing to previous reports that interrelate the hydrogen-bonding and the rate of proton-coupled electron-transfer reactions, we postulated that “the rate of the PCET reaction is expected to be promoted by the covalency of the hydrogen bond, and any factor that enhances this covalency could be considered an activator of the PCET process.” This postulate could be considered a good rationale for the lack of a barrier associated with the hydrogen atom transfer from the water-boryl radical system to the carbonyl compounds. Light has been shed on the water–boryl radical reagent from the thermodynamic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waled Tantawy
- Photochemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hashem
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nabil Yousif
- Photochemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman Flefel
- Photochemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Pynaert R, Buguet J, Croutxé-Barghorn C, Moireau P, Allonas X. Effect of reactive oxygen species on the kinetics of free radical photopolymerization. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py21163k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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23
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Courtecuisse F, Cerezo J, Croutxé-Barghorn C, Dietlin C, Allonas X. Depth characterization by confocal raman microscopy of oxygen inhibition in free radical photopolymerization of acrylates: Contribution of the thiol chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Moszner N, Hirt T. New polymer-chemical developments in clinical dental polymer materials: Enamel-dentin adhesives and restorative composites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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25
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Lalevée J, Morlet-Savary F, Tehfe MA, Graff B, Fouassier JP. Photosensitized Formation of Phosphorus-Centered Radicals: Application to the Design of Photoinitiating Systems. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3008064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, LRC CNRS
7228, ENSCMu-UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky,
68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, LRC CNRS
7228, ENSCMu-UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky,
68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Mohamad Ali Tehfe
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, LRC CNRS
7228, ENSCMu-UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky,
68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, LRC CNRS
7228, ENSCMu-UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky,
68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
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26
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Courtecuisse F, Belbakra A, Croutxé-Barghorn C, Allonas X, Dietlin C. Zirconium complexes to overcome oxygen inhibition in free-radical photopolymerization of acrylates: Kinetic, mechanism, and depth profiling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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27
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Curran DP, Solovyev A, Makhlouf Brahmi M, Fensterbank L, Malacria M, Lacôte E. Synthesis and reactions of N-heterocyclic carbene boranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:10294-317. [PMID: 21898724 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201102717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Boranes are widely used Lewis acids and N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are popular Lewis bases, so it is remarkable how little was known about their derived complexes until recently. NHC-boranes are typically readily accessible and many are so stable that they can be treated like organic compounds rather than complexes. They do not exhibit "borane chemistry", but instead are proving to have a rich chemistry of their own as reactants, as reagents, as initiators, and as catalysts. They have significant potential for use in organic synthesis and in polymer chemistry. They can be used to easily make unusual complexes with a broad spectrum of functional groups not usually seen in organoboron chemistry. Many of their reactions occur through new classes of reactive intermediates including borenium cations, boryl radicals, and even boryl anions. This Review provides comprehensive coverage of the synthesis, characterization, and reactions of NHC-boranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis P Curran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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28
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Curran DP, Solovyev A, Makhlouf Brahmi M, Fensterbank L, Malacria M, Lacôte E. Komplexe von N-heterocyclischen Carbenen mit Boranen: Synthese und Reaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201102717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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29
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Lalevée J, Blanchard N, Tehfe MA, Chany AC, Fouassier JP. New boryl radicals derived from N-heteroaryl boranes: generation and reactivity. Chemistry 2011; 16:12920-7. [PMID: 20878804 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recently, boryl radicals have been the subject of revived interest. These structures were generated by hydrogen-abstraction reactions from the corresponding boranes (i.e., from amine or phosphine boranes). However, the classical issue remains their high B--H bond-dissociation energy (BDE), thereby preventing a very efficient hydrogen-abstraction process. In the present paper, new N-heteroaryl boranes that exhibiting low B--H BDE are presented; excellent hydrogen-transfer properties have been found. Both the generation and the reactivity of the associated boryl radicals have been investigated through their direct observation in laser flash photolysis. The boryl radical interactions with double bonds, oxygen, oxidizing agent, and alkyl halides have been studied. Some selected applications of N-heteroaryl boryl radicals as new polymerization-initiating structures are proposed to evidence their high intrinsic reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Lalevée
- Department of Photochemistry, UMR CNRS 7525, University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France.
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30
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Tehfe MA, Monot J, Brahmi MM, Bonin-Dubarle H, Curran DP, Malacria M, Fensterbank L, Lacôte E, Lalevée J, Fouassier JP. N-Heterocyclic carbene-borane radicals as efficient initiating species of photopolymerization reactions under air. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00296h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Xiao P, Lalevée J, Allonas X, Fouassier J, Ley C, El-Roz M, Shi SQ, Nie J. Photoinitiation mechanism of free radical photopolymerization in the presence of cyclic acetals and related compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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32
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Ueng SH, Fensterbank L, Lacôte E, Malacria M, Curran DP. Radical deoxygenation of xanthates and related functional groups with new minimalist N-heterocyclic carbene boranes. Org Lett 2010; 12:3002-5. [PMID: 20536159 DOI: 10.1021/ol101015m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Minimalist N-heterocyclic carbene boranes 1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylideneborane and 2,4-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylideneborane are readily available and have low molecular weights. They exhibit superior performance to first-generation NHC-boranes, providing improved yields in reductions of xanthates and related functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shau-Hua Ueng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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33
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Shenoy R, Bowman CN. Mechanism and Implementation of Oxygen Inhibition Suppression in Photopolymerizations by Competitive Photoactivation of a Singlet Oxygen Sensitizer. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1012682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raveesh Shenoy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0424
| | - Christopher N. Bowman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0424
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34
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Staubitz A, Robertson APM, Sloan ME, Manners I. Amine− and Phosphine−Borane Adducts: New Interest in Old Molecules. Chem Rev 2010; 110:4023-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100105a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 554] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Staubitz
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K., BS8 1TS
| | | | - Matthew E. Sloan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K., BS8 1TS
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K., BS8 1TS
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35
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Hioe J, Karton A, Martin J, Zipse H. Borane-Lewis Base Complexes as Homolytic Hydrogen Atom Donors. Chemistry 2010; 16:6861-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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36
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Tehfe MA, Makhlouf Brahmi M, Fouassier JP, Curran DP, Malacria M, Fensterbank L, Lacôte E, Lalevée J. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes−Borane Complexes: A New Class of Initiators for Radical Photopolymerization. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma902492q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad-Ali Tehfe
- Department of Photochemistry, CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Malika Makhlouf Brahmi
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut Parisien de chimie moléculaire (UMR CNRS 7201), C. 229, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Fouassier
- Department of Photochemistry, CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Dennis P. Curran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Max Malacria
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut Parisien de chimie moléculaire (UMR CNRS 7201), C. 229, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Louis Fensterbank
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut Parisien de chimie moléculaire (UMR CNRS 7201), C. 229, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Lacôte
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut Parisien de chimie moléculaire (UMR CNRS 7201), C. 229, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Department of Photochemistry, CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
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37
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Effect of Lewis base coordination on boryl radical reactivity: investigation using laser flash photolysis and kinetic ESR. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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Lalevée J, Blanchard N, Chany AC, El-Roz M, Souane R, Graff B, Allonas X, Fouassier JP. Silyl Radical Chemistry and Conventional Photoinitiators: A Route for the Design of Efficient Systems. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma901003h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Lalevée
- Department of Photochemistry,
CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093
Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - N. Blanchard
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic
Chemistry, CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred
Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - A. C. Chany
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic
Chemistry, CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred
Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - M. El-Roz
- Department of Photochemistry,
CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093
Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - R. Souane
- Department of Photochemistry,
CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093
Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - B. Graff
- Department of Photochemistry,
CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093
Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - X. Allonas
- Department of Photochemistry,
CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093
Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - J. P. Fouassier
- Department of Photochemistry,
CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093
Mulhouse Cedex, France
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39
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El-Roz M, Lalevée J, Morlet-Savary F, Allonas X, Fouassier JP. Coinitiators Based on Group 14 Elements in Photoinitiating Systems for Radical and Cationic Polymerization. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma900452x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. El-Roz
- Department of Photochemistry, CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - J. Lalevée
- Department of Photochemistry, CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - F. Morlet-Savary
- Department of Photochemistry, CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - X. Allonas
- Department of Photochemistry, CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - J. P. Fouassier
- Department of Photochemistry, CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
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