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Design, Synthesis and Characterization of a Visible‐Light‐Sensitive Molecular Switch and Its PEGylation Towards a Self‐Assembling Molecule. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201477. [PMID: 35695822 PMCID: PMC9541190 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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2
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Spontaneous polymerization of benzofulvene derivatives bearing complexed or un-complexed pyridine rings. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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UV-light-induced polymerization in the amorphous solid-state of a spontaneously non-polymerizing 3-phenylbenzofulvene monomer. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Physicochemical Properties of A New PEGylated Polybenzofulvene Brush for Drug Encapsulation. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E444. [PMID: 31480633 PMCID: PMC6781277 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11090444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A new polymer brush was synthesized by spontaneous polymerization of benzofulvene macromonomer 6-MOEG-9-T-BF3k bearing a nona(ethylene glycol) side chain linked to the 3-phenylindene scaffold by means of a triazole heterocycle. The polymer structure was studied by SEC-MALS, NMR spectroscopy, and MALDI-TOF MS techniques, and the results supported the role of oligomeric initiatory species in the spontaneous polymerization of polybenzofulvene derivatives. The aggregation features of high molecular weight poly-6-MOEG-9-T-BF3k-FE were investigated by pyrene fluorescence analysis, dynamic light scattering studies, and transmission electron microscopy, which suggested a tendency towards the formation of spherical objects showing dimensions in the range of 20-200 nm. Moreover, poly-6-MOEG-9-T-BF3k-FE showed an interesting cytocompatibility in the whole concentration range tested that, besides its aggregation features, makes this polybenzofulvene brush a good polymer candidate for nanoencapsulation and delivery of drug molecules. Finally, the photo-physical features of poly-6-MOEG-9-T-BF3k-FE could allow the biodistribution of the resulting drug delivery systems to be monitored by fluorescence microscopy techniques.
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Densely PEGylated Polybenzofulvene Brushes for Potential Applications in Drug Encapsulation. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E234. [PMID: 30445768 PMCID: PMC6321592 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The technique of grafting side chains onto a linear polymeric backbone is commonly used to confer to the new polymeric material with desired properties, such as tunable solubility, ionic charge, biocompatibility, or specific interactions with biological systems. In this paper, two new polybenzofulvene backbones were assembled by spontaneous polymerization of the appropriate benzofulvene monomers (4,6-PO-BF3k and 4',6-PO-BF3k) bearing two clickable propargyloxy groups in different positions of the 3-phenylindene scaffold. Poly-4,6-PO-BF3k and poly-4',6-PO-BF3k were grafted with monomethyl oligo(ethylene glycol) (MOEG) to prepare two new polybenzofulvene brushes (i.e., poly-4,6-MOEG-9-TM-BF3k and poly-4',6-MOEG-9-TM-BF3k) by means of a "grafting onto" approach, that were characterized from the point of view of their macromolecular features, aggregation liability, and in a preliminary evaluation of biocompatibility. The obtained results make these PEGylated polybenzofulvene brushes (PPBFB) derivatives potentially useful as nanocarriers for nanoencapsulation and delivery of drug molecules.
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Structural Manipulation of the Conjugated Phenyl Moiety in 3-Phenylbenzofulvene Monomers: Effects on Spontaneous Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E752. [PMID: 30960677 PMCID: PMC6403996 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous polymerization is an intriguing phenomenon in which pure monomers begin their polymerization without initiators or catalysts. Previously, 3-phenylbenzofulvene monomers were found to polymerize spontaneously after solvent removal. Here, eight new 3-substituted benzofulvene monomers 1a⁻h were synthesized in order to investigate the effects of differently substituted aromatic rings in position 3 of the benzofulvene scaffold on spontaneous polymerization. The newly synthesized monomers maintained the tendency toward spontaneous polymerization. However, monomer 1a, bearing an ortho-methoxy substituted phenyl, polymerized hardly, thus producing low polymerization yields, inhomogeneous structure, and low molecular weight of the obtained polymeric material. This result suggested the importance of the presence of hydrogen atoms in the 2'-position to achieve productive interactions among the monomers in the recognition step preluding the spontaneous polymerization and among the monomeric units in the polybenzofulvene backbones. Moreover, this study paves the way to modify the pendant rings in position 3 of the indene scaffold to synthesize new polybenzofulvene derivatives variously decorated.
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Electrochemical and optoelectronic properties of terthiophene- and bithiophene-based polybenzofulvene derivatives. RSC Adv 2018; 8:10836-10847. [PMID: 35541515 PMCID: PMC9078966 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13242e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical behavior of some polybenzofulvene derivatives bearing bithiophene (BT) or terthiophene (TT) side chains was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. Very interestingly, the presence of unsubstituted terminal thiophene moieties allowed poly-6-BT-BF3k and poly-6-TT-BF3k to be cross-linked by electrochemical procedures. Conductive films were obtained by electrodeposition from solutions of these polymers onto electrode surfaces through the formation of covalent cross-linking due to dimerization (i.e. electrochemical oxidation) of the BT or TT side chains. The films showed electrochromic features and switched from yellow-orange (neutral) to green (positively charged) by switching the potential, and were stable to tenths of cycles, without degradation in the wet state in the electrolyte solution. Finally, the thin film obtained by electrodeposition of poly-6-TT-BF3k on a indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate showed in the neutral state a significantly red-shifted photoluminescence (PL) emission (∼40 nm red-shifted with respect to that of the corresponding film obtained by casting procedures), which was consistent with the presence of more conjugated moieties produced by the oxidative dimerization of the TT side chains. The innovative architecture and the easy preparation could lead to a broad range of applications in optoelectronics and bioelectronics for these cross-linked hybrid materials based on π-stacked polybenzofulvene backbones bearing oligothiophene side chains. The electrochemical behavior of some polybenzofulvene derivatives bearing bithiophene (BT) or terthiophene (TT) side chains was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and cross-linked materials were obtained by dimerization of the BT or TT side chains.![]()
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Abstract
The new concept of personalized medicine and the affirmation of Nucleic Acid Based Drugs (NABDs), an emerging class of bio-drugs constituted by short sequences of either DNA or RNA, represent a new challenge for the mathematical modelling in the drug delivery and adsorption field. Indeed, whether patient uniqueness asks for the use of theoretical tools enabling a rational approach adapting to each patient, NABDs delivery brings to our attention new aspects of drug delivery due to the NABDs fragile nature and way of action. This review aims to present and discuss the mathematical modelling of drug release from natural polysaccharides matrices with particular care to the description of the chemical and physical phenomena ruling drug delivery.
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π-Stacked poly(vinyl ketone)s with accumulated push–pull triphenylamine moieties in the side chain. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01737a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly(vinyl ketone)s bearing push–pull triphenyamine moiety indicated remarkable absorption hypochromism, reduced redox potentials, and emission red shifts due to a π-stacked conformation.
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Abstract
A polybenzofulvene brush was enveloped by means of nona(ethylene glycol) arms into hyaluronan shells.
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Fabrication of a Self-Cleaning Surface via the Thermosensitive Copolymer Brush of P(NIPAAm-PEGMA). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:22128-22136. [PMID: 26389775 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Surface hydrophilicity and the inherent washing force are two crucial factors for constructing an underwater self-cleaning surface. Following this self-cleaning mechanism, we fabricated thermosensitive copolymer brushes of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) on the polypropylene (PP) surface. Benefiting from the hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains, the copolymer brushes with the PEGMA content exceeding 5 mol % exhibited good surface hydrophilicity, whenever at temperatures below or above the lower critical solution temperatures (LCST). Hence their underwater oleophobicity was greatly improved with oil contact angles higher than 141° and oil adhesive forces lower than 20 μN. In addition, the sharp volume-phase transition feature was reserved in their copolymer backbones, as proved by the AFM result. Self-cleaning evaluation of the modified surfaces was performed by a simple temperature-change water cleaning method, after which only 0.2 wt % of oil residues remained on the brush surface of P(NIPAAm-5PEGMA) (with 5 mol % of PEGMA contents). The excellent self-cleaning capability is believed to be ascribed to its balanced surface features in hydrophilicity and the sharper volume-phase transition, when a hydrophilic surface can facilitate oil desorption and an intense conformation change of chain stretching and shrinking can offer the strong washing force to assist oil detachment. This study contributes to development of the underwater self-cleaning surface based on a hydrophilic surface with the chain motion.
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Chiral Polyurethane Synthesis Leading to π-Stacked 2/1-Helical Polymer and Cyclic Compounds. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:901-906. [PMID: 35596455 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
(R)-1,1'-Bi(2-naphthol) was reacted with 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate leading to a mixture of linear polyurethane and cyclic compounds including a cyclic dimer and a cyclic trimer. The structure of the cyclic dimer was elucidated by X-ray crystal structure analysis. The polymer was proposed to possess a rather stiff, π-stacked, 2/1-helical conformation on the basis of NMR, CD, and UV spectra and molecular dynamics simulations. The conformation was stable in the range of temperature of 0-60 °C.
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15
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Synthesis of Benzofulvene Derivatives from Diarylacetylenes via Pd(II)-Catalyzed Alkyne-Directed C(sp2)–H Bond Activation. J Org Chem 2015; 80:8430-4. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Synthesis and sol-gel transition of novel temperature responsive aba triblock-graft copolymers based on PCL and PEG analogues. Macromol Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-015-3089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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Polybenzofulvene derivatives bearing dynamic binding sites as potential anticancer drug delivery systems. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:361-374. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01268b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A polybenzofulvene brush is functionalized with a synthetic receptor capable of interacting with doxorubicin.
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Biocompatible and Mucoadhesive Bacterial Cellulose-g-Poly(acrylic acid) Hydrogels for Oral Protein Delivery. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:4130-42. [DOI: 10.1021/mp5003015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Bacterial Cellulose/Acrylamide pH-Sensitive Smart Hydrogel: Development, Characterization, and Toxicity Studies in ICR Mice Model. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3596-608. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500337r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Topological characterization of a bacterial cellulose-acrylic acid polymeric matrix. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 62:326-33. [PMID: 24932712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper focuses on the micro- and nano-topological organization of a hydrogel, constituted by a mixture of bacterial cellulose and acrylic acid, and intended for biomedical applications. The presence of acrylic acid promotes the formation of two interpenetrated continuous phases: the primary "pores phase" (PP) containing only water and the secondary "polymeric network phase" (PNP) constituted by the polymeric network swollen by the water. Low field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (LF NMR), rheology, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and release tests were used to determine the characteristics of the two phases. In particular, we found that this system is a strong hydrogel constituted by 81% (v/v) of PP phase the remaining part being occupied by the PNP phase. Pores diameters span in the range 10-100 μm, the majority of them (85%) falling in the range 30-90 μm. The high PP phase tortuosity indicates that big pores are not directly connected to each other, but their connection is realized by a series of interconnected small pores that rend the drug path tortuous. The PNP is characterized by a polymer volume fraction around 0.73 while mesh size is around 3 nm. The theoretical interpretation of the experimental data coming from the techniques panel adopted, yielded to the micro- and nano-organization of our hydrogel.
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21
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Efficient synthesis of small-sized phosphonated dendrons: potential organic coatings of iron oxide nanoparticles. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00654b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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22
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Grignard Reagent/CuI/LiCl-Mediated Stereoselective Cascade Addition/Cyclization of Diynes: A Novel Pathway for the Construction of 1-Methyleneindene Derivatives. Chemistry 2013; 19:15682-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Combining Spontaneous Polymerization and Click Reactions for the Synthesis of Polymer Brushes: A “Grafting Onto” Approach. Chemistry 2013; 19:9710-21. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Synthesis and characterization of charge-transporting π-stacked polybenzofulvene derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm16790e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Mechanical Spectroscopy and Relaxometry on Alginate Hydrogels: A Comparative Analysis for Structural Characterization and Network Mesh Size Determination. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:1272-82. [DOI: 10.1021/bm101556m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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A click chemistry-based “grafting through” approach to the synthesis of a biorelevant polymer brush. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00271f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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PEG-benzofulvene copolymer hydrogels for antibody delivery. Int J Pharm 2010; 390:183-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Revised: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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